1. The thermal interconversion of the axial and equatorial substitutents of the chair conformation of cyclohexane is extremely slow because the two forms are separated by a relatively high activation energy barrier, 10.5 kcal/mol (3672 cm−1). With CN substituents, the equatorial form is only 0.24 kcal/mol (84 cm−1) lower in energy than the axial form. Show how you would determine the ratio between the concentrations of the equatorial and axial forms using the Boltzmann distribution.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The ratio is  [tex]0.67 : 1[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

 The activation energy separating the equatorial and the axial form is [tex]\Delta E = 0.24\ kcal/mol[/tex]

 Generally according to the Boltzmann distribution , the relationship between  concentration(in terms of number of molecule) of the equatorial form and  the concentration of the axial form is mathematically represented as

       [tex]N = N_o e^{-\frac{\Delta E }{RT} }[/tex]

Here [tex]N_o[/tex] is the number of molecule in equatorial form and  N is the number of the molecules in the axial form.

   R is the gas constant with value  [tex]R = 1.987 *10^{-3} \ kcal\cdot mol^{-1} \cdot k^{-1}[/tex]

     T is the temperature of the room with value  [tex]T = 25^oC = 298 \ K[/tex]

So

    [tex]\frac{N}{N_o} = e^{-\frac{0.24 }{1.987*10^{-3} * 298} }[/tex]

=> [tex]\frac{N}{N_o} = 0.67[/tex]

So the ratio of the concentration of equatorial form to the axial form is

      [tex]0.67 : 1[/tex]


Related Questions

What Group would this element be in?

Answers

Answer:

Non-metals because it has 9 electrons meaning it is fluorine

Explanation:

Help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

The density of the sample : 0.827 g/L

Further explanation

In general, the gas equation can be written  

[tex]\large {\boxed {\bold {PV = nRT}}}[/tex]

where  

P = pressure, atm , N/m²

V = volume, liter  

n = number of moles  

R = gas constant = 0.082 l.atm / mol K (P= atm, v= liter),or 8,314 J/mol K (P=Pa or N/m2, v= m³)

T = temperature, Kelvin  

n= 1 mol

MW Neon = 20,1797 g/mol

mass of Neon :

[tex]\tt mass=mol\times MW\\\\mass=1\times 20,1797 =20.1797~g[/tex]

The density of the sample :

[tex]\tt \rho=\dfrac{m}{V}\\\\\rho=\dfrac{20,1797}{24.4}=0.827~g/L[/tex]

or We can use the ideal gas formula ta find density :

[tex]\tt \rho=\dfrac{P\times MW}{RT}\\\\\rho=\dfrac{1\times 20.1797}{0.082\times 298}\\\\\rho=0.826~g/L[/tex]

Electric circuit are a pathway for ____ to flow

A.) Neutrons

B.) Protons

C.) Matter

D.) Electrons

Answers

Answer:

Electrons

Explanation:

The source that gives the voltage (force) causes the electrons to move.

Answer:

The answer is Electron

Explanation:

In what way is Model A better than Model B? Model A shows the types of elements in the compound, but Model B does not. Model A shows the total number of atoms in the molecule, but Model B does not. Model A shows the three-dimensional shape of the molecule, but Model B does not. Model A shows the number of atoms of each element in the molecule, but Model B does no

Answers

Answer:the answer is c babes

Explanation:

I hope I could help y’all

Have a nice day

Or whatever day u want LMA0 it’s not up to me. Ight peace loves

Model A is better than Model B as Model A shows the three-dimensional shape of the molecule, but Model B does not. The correct option is c.

What are molecules?

The smallest particle of a substance possesses all of its physical and chemical properties. One or more atoms make up a molecule.

Knowing the molecular weights of the molecules allows us to calculate their sizes. The molecular weight of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecule.

The relative atomic mass of particles determines their size. Particles with a higher relative atomic mass weigh more than particles with a lower relative atomic mass. Larger atoms have heavier iotas and a larger relative atomic mass.

Therefore, the correct option is c, Model A shows the three-dimensional shape of the molecule, but Model B does not.

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The __________________ is the process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb and reradiate heat.

Answers

Answer:

Greenhouse effect

Explanation:

Answer: water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy.

Explanation:

How can magnetic force be exerted on objects?

1)Over a distance and anytime an object is in a magnet's field of influence.

2)Only through objects.

3)Only by touching an object.

Answers

I think the answer is : 1

The percent by mass is the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage. Attached is the formula. What is the percent by mass of Oxygen in 10 grams of H20 given the mass by analysis of oxygen in that sample is 8 grams. (Answer should be given with a %. i.e. if the answer were 23% you answer in the textbox would be 23%)

Percent by mass = mass of solute mass of solution x 100 ​
help me please:((

Answers

The percent by mass of Oxygen : 80%

Further explanation

According to Proust: the mass percentage of the constituent elements of a compound is constant⇒compounds have a constant composition of elements

Given

mass of Oxygen (solute)= 8 grams

mass of H₂O(solution)=10 grams

Required

Percent by mass

Solution

[tex]\tt percent~by~mass=\dfrac{mass~oxygen}{mass~solution}\times 100\\\\percent~by~mass=\dfrac{8}{10}\times 100=80[/tex]

What are the names of all of the valves in the
heart? Check all that apply
ventricular valve
aortic valve
atrium valve
carotid valve
mitral valve
pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve

Answers

tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

how many atoms are there in 8.08 moles of carbon dioxide

Answers

Answer:

145.97×10²³ atoms

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles of CO₂ = 8.08 mol

Number of atoms of CO₂ = ?

Solution:

1 mole of CO₂ contain 1 mole C atom.

8.08 mole contain 8.08× 1 = 8.08 mole of C atom.

1 mole of CO₂ contain 2 moles of O atom.

8.08mole contain 8.08×2 = 16.16 mole of O atom.

Total number of moles of atoms = 8.08 mole + 16.16 mole

Total number of moles of atoms = 24.24 mol

Number of atoms of CO₂:

1 mole of any substance contain 6.022×10²³ atoms.

24.24 mol ×6.022×10²³ atoms / 1 mol

145.97×10²³ atoms

consider this equation S + 3O₂ → 3O₃ Is this equation balanced? why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

This equation is not balanced because you don't have the same amount of each element on each side of the chemical reaction. The balanced equation is:

2 S + 3  ⇒ 2

The law of conservation of matter states that since no atom can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms that are present in the reagents has to be equal to the number of atoms present in the products.

Then, you must balance the chemical equation. For that, you must first look at the subscripts next to each atom to find the number of atoms in the equation. If the same atom appears in more than one molecule, you must add its amounts.  

The coefficients located in front of each molecule indicate the amount of each molecule for the reaction. This coefficient can be modified to balance the equation, just as you should never alter the subscripts.

By multiplying the coefficient mentioned by the subscript, you get the amount of each element present in the reaction.

Then, taking into account all of the above, you can determine the amount of elements on each side of the equation:

Left side: 1 sulfur S and 6 oxygen O (coefficient 3 multiplied by sub-index 2)

Right side: 1 sulfur S and 3 oxygen O (subindice value)

As you can see, you have the same amount of sulfur on both sides of the equation but the amount of oxygen is different. This indicates that the chemical equation is not balanced. To balance it, as the amount of sulfur is the same, the amount of oxygen must be balanced, which is different on each side of the reaction.

A simple way is to balance the equation is to multiply the product by 2, that is, add a coefficient 2 in front of the SO3 molecule, the reaction being as follows:

S + 3  ⇒ 2

Now the amount of elements on each side of the equation is:

Left side: 1 sulfur S and 6 oxygen O (coefficient 3 multiplied by subindice 2)

Right side: 2 sulfur S and 6 oxygen O (coefficient 2 multiplied by subindice 3)

The oxygen is now balanced, but the amount of sulfur on both sides of the reaction varies. To balance the quantities of sulfur, as now on the right side you have an amount of 2, you can add the coefficient to sulfur. The chemical equation is as follows:

2 S + 3  ⇒ 2

Now the amount of elements on each side of the equation is:

Left side: 2 sulfur S and 6 oxygen O (coefficient 3 multiplied by subindice 2)

Right side: 2 sulfur S and 6 oxygen O (coefficient 2 multiplied by subindice 3)

Finally you have the same amount of sulfur and oxygen on both sides of the reaction. So the chemical equation is finally balanced.

Explanation:

Brainliest please?

Answer:

it is balenced beacuse both sides have the same ammount of particals

Explanation:

Most of the elements on the Periodic Table are metals.
True
False

Answers

Answer:

the answer is true

Explanation:

I hope so it is helpful to u

What separates the inner planets from the outer planets in our solar system?
()Comet Belt
()Asteroid Belt
()Their differences
()Distance

Help plss!!

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B Astroid Belt

What are all the secrets to the universe ?

Answers

In outer space since we don’t know where to look on earth probably
the milky way we don’t know everything and we probably never will

How much oxygen (O) is in 5.41 × 106 atoms of oxygen

Answers

Answer:

They show you  how to do it sweetie

Explanation:

123456789 Common math

This reaction type occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places.

A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) double replacement
D) single replacement

Answers

Your answer would be D, single replacement

Double replacement is the reaction that typically occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places (Option C).

What is double-replacement?

Double-replacement is a class of chemical reaction where two atoms can exchange their places to generate new combinations.

This type of chemical reaction (double-replacement reaction) is very common in nature.

In conclusion, double replacement is the reaction that typically occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places (Option C).

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A mixture contains 21.7 g NaCI, 3.74 g KCI, and 9.76 g Lici. What is the mole fraction of NaCl in this mixture?

Molar mass
NaCl: 58.44g/mol
KCl: 74.55g/mol
LiCl: 42.39g/mol​

Answers

Answer:Mole Fraction of NaCl=0.5697

Explanation:

No OF Moles of NaCl=  Mass / Molar mass

=21.7 g/58.44g/mol

=0.371moles

No OF Moles of KCl=  Mass / Molar mass

=3.74g/74.55g/mol

=0.0502moles

No OF Moles of LiCl=  Mass / Molar mass

=9.76 g/42.39g/mol

=0.230moles

Mole Fraction of NaCL = Moles of NaCL/ Total number of moles of the mixture

=0.371/( 0.371+ 0.0502+0.230)

0.371/0.6512

=0.5697

Answer:

Mole fraction: 0.570

Explanation:

Mole fraction is defined as the ratio of moles of a compound in a mixture over the total moles of the mixture. To solve this problem, we need to find moles of the 3 salts:

Moles NaCl -Molar mass: 58.44g/mol-:

21.7g NaCl * (1mol / 58.44g) = 0.3713 moles

Moles KCl -Molar mass: 74.55g/mol-:

3.74g KCl * (1mol / 74.55g) = 0.0502 moles

Moles LiCl -Molar mass: 42.394g/mol-:

9.76g LiCl * (1mol / 42.394g) = 0.2302 moles

Mole fraction NaCl:

0.3713mol / (0.3713mol + 0.0502mol + 0.2302mol) =

0.570

In 17.2 seconds, a shopping cart is pushed 15.6 meters towards the west. What is the velocity of the cart? (hint~The answer is NOT 3m/s)

Answers

Answer:

0.91m/s due west

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Time taken  = 17.2s

Displacement  = 15.6m

Unknown:

Velocity of the cart  = ?

Solution:

Velocity of a body is the the displacement divided by the time taken.

 Velocity  = [tex]\frac{displacement}{time}[/tex]  

Now insert the parameters and solve;

 Velocity  = [tex]\frac{15.6}{17.2}[/tex]  = 0.91m/s due west

What is the difference between moles and mass?

Answers

Mass is the state of motion when an external force is applied.

Moles in other hand is an unit for measuring the amount of substance.

Where do elements in the human body tend to be located on the PERIODIC TABLE? (NOT PERCENTAGES PLEASE)​

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogern, Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Chlorine are all non-metals

Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, and Magnesium are all metals

Explanation:

The human body is made of elements at the most simple level. Oxygen in group 16, carbon in group 14, hydrogen located in group 1, and nitrogen and phosphorus in group 15.

What are the elements of the body?

The body is composed of elements and atoms at the most preliminary level of organization. The elements are placed in a periodic table based on the atomic number that is characteristic of their properties. The elements are arranged into 18 families and groups.

oxygen is located in group 16, carbon in group 14hydrogen in group 1nitrogen in group 15calcium in group 2potassium in group 1sulfur in group 16sodium in group 1chlorine in group 17magnesium in group 2

Therefore, elements are classified as alkali metals, alkaline metals, nonmetals, noble gases, halogens, and transition metals.

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Which option listed above represents the correct way the layers would form? Explain
your choice by describing which chemical or physical property determines the
layering.

Answers

Answer:

option 1 pls mark bbrainliest

5. The compound is called:
*
(1 Point)
VP2
Vanadium (1) phosphide
Vanadium (IV) phosphide
Vanadium phosphide
Vanadium (VI) phosphide
Vanadium (V) phosphide
6. The compound is called

Answers

Answer:

Vanadium (VI) Phosphide

Explanation:

Vanadium has a 6+ charge for this compound, so there needs to be two phosphorus atoms to satisfy the charges. This is an ionic compound as well so the roman numerals need to be present.

Think about how particles are arranged inside atoms. Please name and describe those three particles, and describe how the particles are arranged inside atoms. Some topics to include are: the charge of the particles, the mass of the particles, and where the particles are located.

Answers

protons : positive charge , about same mass as neutrons , in the nucleus

neutrons : no charge , about the same mass as a proton , in the nucleus

electrons : negative charge , less mass than protons and neutrons , in orbitals outside of the nucleus

Question 20 (1 point)
The chemical formula for glucose, a simple sugar, is CH1206. The formula for ethanol is CzH60. What
accounts for the differences in these compounds?

Answers

Answer:

A. The ratio of the element in glucose is different than in ethanol

Explanation:

The compounds given are;

      Glucose      C₆H₁₂O₆

     Ethanol         C₂H₆O

The two compounds given are different from one another. But they have the same elemental composition.

   Ethanol is made up of Carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen and so also, Glucose

Now,

  The number of atoms in both compounds are different;

                                   Number of atoms

                        C                             H                     O

Glucose           6                             12                      6

Ethanol            2                              6                       1

what happens if the temperature of a system at equilibrium is increased?

Answers

Increasing the temperature decreases the value of the equilibrium constant. ... If you increase the temperature, the position of equilibrium will move in such a way as to reduce the temperature again. It will do that by favouring the reaction which absorbs heat.
There are multiple answers:

1. The relative amount of products at equilibrium increases for an endothermic reaction
2. The relative amount of products at equilibrium decreases for an exothermic reaction
(Extra) If the temperature of a system at equilibrium is decreased

1. The relative amount of products at equilibrium decreases for an endothermic reaction
2. The relative amount of products at equilibrium increases for an exothermic reaction

Hope this helps!

Which liquid has the weakest intermolecular forces?

Answers

Answer:

Oil- Only London Dispersion Forces (the weakest intermolecular force)

Water- London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, and Hydrogen Bonding

Which is the largest measurement? *
grams
Milligrams
Kilograms
Centigrams

Answers

Answer:

Kilograms

Explanation:

[tex]--------------------------------------------[/tex]

Microgram = 0.000001 Grams = Smallest Unit of Weight

1 ) Milligram = 0.001 Grams =

2 ) Centigram = 0.01 Grams

Decigram = 0.1 Grams

3 ) Gram = 1 Gram

Dekagram = 10 Grams

Hectogram = 100 Grams

4 ) Kilogram = 1000 Grams = Largest Unit of Weight = Answer

[tex]--------------------------------------------[/tex]

Hope this helps! <3

[tex]--------------------------------------------[/tex]

Kilograms are the largest unit among the options listed.

The metric system is a decimal-based system of measurement widely used around the world. It provides a standardized and convenient way to express measurements by utilizing prefixes that represent powers of 10.

In the metric system, the base unit for measuring mass is the gram (g). The gram is a relatively small unit, and to express larger or smaller masses, prefixes are added to the base unit. Here are some commonly used metric prefixes for mass.

The largest measurement among the options provided is kilograms (kg). Kilograms are larger units of measurement compared to grams (g), milligrams (mg), and centigrams (cg). The metric system follows a decimal-based system, where each unit is 10 times larger or smaller than the adjacent unit.

1 kilogram (kg) is equal to 1,000 grams (g), 1,000,000 milligrams (mg), and 10,000 centigrams (cg). Therefore, kilograms are the largest unit among the options listed.

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6) Define Hydrogen bonds
A. A force created by differences in electronegativity and the small size of the hydrogen atom
make them especially strong.
B. A force created by similarities in electronegativity and the small size of the hydrogen atom
make them especially strong,
C. Forces created by temporary dipoles that result from the movement of electrons in non-
polar molecules.
D. A force created by differences in electronegativity and the large size of the hydrogen atom
make them especially strong,
E. The force between polar molecules when the opposite partial charges of a molecule exert a
force on each other

Answers

Answer:

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular force (IMF) that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons. Intermolecular forces (IMFs) occur between molecules. Other examples include ordinary dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonds are are generally stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, but weaker than true covalent and ionic bonds.

Explanation:

What element is in period 6 with 2 valence electrons?

Answers

Answer:

Barium

Explanation:

I think that's the answer

The element in period 6 with 2 valence electrons is Barium.

The periodic table has been organized into periods and groups. The period is in an horizontal arrangement while group is vertical arrangement.

The elements that can be found in period 6 are Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium etc.

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. This means that elements in group 2 have 2 valence electrons.

Barium possess two valence electrons because it is in group 2 and it is also in period 6. Therefore, the element in period 6 with 2 valence electrons is Barium.

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Which of the following is not a clue that a chemical reaction has taken place? *
4 points
A solid is formed when two clear solutions are mixed.
A clear solution is added to a red solution, and the result is a blue solution.
A solid is added to water and bubbles form.
A pure solid is heated and turns into a pure liquid.

Answers

Answer:

A pure solid is heated and turns into a pure liquid.

Explanation:

No colour change recorded, only change of state, hence this is a physical change - physical changes I.e. change of state and temperature are not chemical reactions.

a metal worker uses a cutting torch that operates by reacting acetylene gas, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas, O2(g), as shown in the unbalanced equation below: C2H2(g)=O2(g)= CO2(g) = H2O(g) = heat determine the mass of 25 moles of acetylene (gram-formula mass = 26 g/mol

Answers

Answer:

650 grams

Explanation:

Given that acetylene gas reacts with oxygen to produce caobon dioxide, water and heat and the unbalnced equation is

[tex]C_2H_2(g)+O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g) + H_2O(g)+ heat[/tex]

Gram-formula mass of [tex]C_2H_2= 26[/tex] g/mol

So, mass of 1 mole of acelylene is 26 grams

Therefore, mass of 25 moles of acelylene=25x26=650 grams

Hence, the mass of 25 moles of acelylene is 650 grams

The mass of 25 moles of acetylene has been 0.65 kg.

Moles are the count of a number of molecules in an entity and the mass based on the formula mass. 1 mole of a substance has [tex]\rm 6.023\;\times\;10^2^3[/tex] molecules.

The moles can be calculated as:

Moles = [tex]\rm \dfrac{weight}{molecular\;weight}[/tex]

Given, mole of acetylene = 25 mol

molecular mass of acetylene = 26 g/mol

Mass of acetylene = moles [tex]\times[/tex] molecular weight

Mass of acetylene = 25 [tex]\times[/tex] 26

Mass of acetylene = 650 grams

1000 grams = 1 kg

650 grams = 0.65 kg.

The mass of 25 moles of acetylene has been 0.65 kg.

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