Geography High School

11. The joints expressed by dip and direction. True False 12. Hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to compression stress. True False 13. Differential stress means a change in shape, but not in size. True False 14. Closed fold has a constant thickness of beds. True False 15. Oceanic crust destroyed at convergent boundary. True False

Answers

Answer 1

11. The statement 'The joints expressed by dip and direction' is true.

12. The statement 'Hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to compression stress' is false.

13. The statement 'Differential stress means a change in shape, but not in size' is false.

14. The statement 'Closed fold has a constant thickness of beds' is true.

15. The statement 'Oceanic crust destroyed at convergent boundary' is true.

11. The joints expressed by dip and direction - True

The joints expressed by dip and direction are said to be having two intersecting planes which measure the angle of slope and direction of each plane. Thus, it can be expressed that the above-given statement is True.

12. Hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to compression stress - False

Hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to cooling of the lava which forms prismatic columns. This is the outcome of the contraction that happens when the lava cools down. Therefore, it can be expressed that the given statement is False.

13. Differential stress means a change in shape, but not in size - False

Differential stress is defined as the stress which results in the difference of pressure in different directions. It leads to changes in the size and shape of a particular object under stress. Hence, the given statement is False.

14. Closed fold has a constant thickness of beds - True

A closed fold refers to the fold that has a U-shape and has a constant thickness of beds. Hence, it can be expressed that the given statement is True.

15. Oceanic crust destroyed at convergent boundary - True

Oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust and hence when two plates carrying oceanic and continental crusts collide, the oceanic plate is forced to subduct under the continental plate. Therefore, it can be expressed that the given statement is True.

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Answer 2

11. True
The joints expressed by dip and direction is a true statement. Joints are formed due to the internal forces of a rock. These forces include tectonic pressure, cooling and contraction, and stress caused by erosion. Dip refers to the angle of the fracture in relation to the horizontal plane,

while the direction indicates the direction of the fracture.

12. True
The statement "Hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to compression stress" is false. This is because hexagonal or columnar jointing is due to the contraction of lava flows or cooling and contraction of igneous rocks. This is why they are often found in igneous rocks such as basalt.

13. False
The statement "Differential stress means a change in shape, but not in size" is false. Differential stress refers to the unequal distribution of stress in a material. It results in a change in the shape and size of the material.

14. False
The statement "Closed fold has a constant thickness of beds" is false. A closed fold has a varying thickness of beds. This is because the layers of rocks are bent into a U shape, with the outermost layers curving upwards and the innermost layers curving downwards.

15. True
The statement "Oceanic crust destroyed at convergent boundary" is true. Oceanic crust is denser and thinner compared to continental crust. When it collides with continental crust at a convergent boundary, it is forced downwards into the mantle where it is destroyed. This process is known as subduction.

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