Valence electrons are any of the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that is capable of forming bonds with other atoms.
Valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed.
Not all electrons are associated with the atom. Only the electrons present in the outermost shell can participate in the formation of a chemical bond or a molecule. This type of electrons is called valence electrons.
The number of electrons in Cadmium is 48 while the number of valence electrons is 2. Aluminium has 3 valence electrons in its outermost shell. Halogens are elements of group 17, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine. They possess 7 valence electrons.
Alkaline earth metals are elements of group 2 e.g. Ca, Sc, Li etc. They have 2 valence electrons while alkali metals (group 1) like Na, K, etc have one valence electrons.
Learn more about valence electrons at: https://brainly.com/question/12717954
#SPJ1
a sociology professor has created a new assessment of political awareness. in using the assessment, she has determined that political awareness is normally distributed in college students with a population mean of 35.3 and a population standard deviation of 8.6. using the z-score found for the question above, what proportion of the population falls below a score of 22 on this test? round your answer to four decimal places.
the score by the sociology professor was -1.54
what is sociology ?
Sociology is a social science that studies society, human social behaviour, patterns of social interactions, social interaction, and cultural elements of daily life. It employs a variety of empirical inquiry and critical analysis techniques. 3-5 to build a foundation of knowledge on social order and social change 32–40 While some sociologists perform research that may be immediately applied to social policy and welfare, others are primarily concerned with improving theoretical knowledge of social processes and the phenomenological approach. The topics covered might range from micro-level studies of society (i.e., individual interaction and agency) to macro-level assessments of society (i.e. of social systems and social structure).
the mean (m) is = 35.3,
standard deviation = 8.6
P x <22
z = (x - m) / sd
We have all these values, replacing we have:
z = (22 - 35.3) / (8.6)
z = -1.54
22 score to z-score is -1.54
therefore the score was 22 score to z-score is -1.54
To learn more about sociology follow the given link: https://brainly.com/question/14363783
#SPJ4
suppose 7.26 g of ammonium chloride is dissolved in 150. ml of a 0.50 mm aqueous solution of potassium carbonate.
Mass of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) = 11.4 grams
Volume of 0.3 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) = 250 mL = 0.250L
Step 2: The balanced equation
2NH4Cl + K2CO3 → 2KCl + (NH4)2CO3
Step 3: Calculate moles of (NH4)Cl
moles (NH4)Cl = 11.4 grams /53.49 g/mol
Moles (NH4)Cl = 0.213 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles of K2CO3
Moles K2CO3 = Molarity * Volume
Moles K2CO3 = 0.3M * 0.250 L = 0.075 moles
Step 5: Calculate moles (NH4)Cl at the equilibrium
For 2 moles (NH4)Cl consumed, we need 1 mole of K2CO3 to produce 2 KCl and 1 mole of (NH4)2CO3
(NH4)2CO3l will dissolve in 2NH4+ + CO32-
Moles (NH4)2Cl = 0.213 moles - 2*0.075 = 0.063 moles
Moles NH4+ = moles (NH4)Cl = 0.063 moles
Step 6: Calculate Molarity of NH4+
Molarity = Moles / volume
Molarity of NH4+ = 0.063 moles / 0.250 L
Molarity of NH4+ = 0.252 M
Therefore, the molarity of the final ammonium cation is 0.252M
To know more about molarity, refer: https://brainly.com/question/8732513
#SPJ4
what is the conjugate acid for ch3coo-
Answer:
The conjugate acid is CH3COOH
a sample of polystyrene, which has a specific heat capacity of , is put into a calorimeter (see sketch at right) that contains of water. the polystyrene sample starts off at and the temperature of the water starts off at . when the temperature of the water stops changing it's . the pressure remains constant at .
The mass of the polystyrene sample is 57.3 grams.
Styrofoam cups help insulate the reaction mixture and slow heat loss from the sides and bottom. Of course, heat is lost through the surface of the liquid mixture, but this can be reduced by using a styrofoam lid with a hole for the thermometer.
The Coffee Mug Calorimeter is essentially a polystyrene mug with a lid. A beaker is partially filled with a known amount of water and a thermometer is inserted through the lid of the beaker so that the bulb is submerged. A coffee cup calorimeter is a convenient and simple device that can be used to measure the temperature change that accompanies a reaction.
Learn more about The pressure here:- https://brainly.com/question/28012687
#SPJ4
According to the following reaction, how much energy is evolved during the reaction of 32. 5 g b2h6 and 72. 5 g cl2? the molar mass of b2h6 is 27. 67 g/mol.
The energy is evolved during the reaction is 237.6 kJ
the reaction is given as:
B₂H₆ + Cl₂ ----> 2BCl₃ + 6HCl
mass of B₂H₆ = 32.5 g
mass of Cl₂ = 72.5 g
molar mass of B₂H₆ = 27.67 g/mol
number of moles of B₂H₆ = mass / molar mass
= 32.5 / 27.67
= 1.17 mol
number of moles of Cl₂ = mass /molar mass
= 72.5 / 71
= 1.02 mol
6 mol of Cl₂ = 1 mol of B₂H₆
1.02 mol of Cl₂ = 1.02 / 6 = 0.17 mol
1 mole of B₂H₆ = 1396 kJ/mol
0.17 mol B₂H₆ = 0.17 × 1396
= 237.6 kJ
The energy of the reaction = 237.6 kJ.
Thus, According to the following reaction, energy is evolved during the reaction of 32. 5 g B₂H₆ and 72. 5 g Cl₂ the molar mass of B₂H₆ is 27. 67 g/mol is 237.6 kJ.
To learn more about energy here
https://brainly.com/question/28380000
#SPJ4
the citric acid cycle includes four types of primary reactions: oxidative decarboxylation, substrate-level phosphorylation, dehydrogenation, and hydration. sort the following steps of the citric acid cycle based on its reaction type. drag the appropriate reaction to their respective bins.
The first reaction in this case, the conversion of succinate to fumarate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.
The second reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation and involves the conversion of beta-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.
Isocitrate's conversion to -Ketoglutarate in the third reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation.
The fourth reaction, a succinyl-CoA to succinate conversion, falls under the heading of substrate-level phosphorylation.
The fifth reaction, the transformation of L-Malate to oxaloacetate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.
The sixth reaction, the transformation of fumarate to L-malate, falls under the hydration category.
What happens during the citric acid cycle?Redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions are all included in the eight steps of the citric acid cycle. Three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one GTP or ATP molecule are formed during each cycle turn and used later in the process of cellular respiration to create ATP for the cell.
To know more about citric acid cycle visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11459709
#SPJ1
because cindy's proposal is unsolicited, the (fill in the blank) approach is the best choice because it gives her a chance to prove her points and gradually overcome audience reservations.
Cindy's proposal is unsolicited, the indirect approach.
The inquiry method is characterized as a scholar-centered technique, this is, through this methodology the pupil is capable of constructing their personal way of studying. In this way, the scholar can expand hypotheses, talk with colleagues, and argue standards thru realistic experimental activities.
Inexperienced solvents are environmentally pleasant solvents, or bio solvents, which can be derived from the processing of agricultural crops. Using petrochemical solvents is the key to most people of chemical procedures but now not without intense implications on the environment.
Conceptual techniques: mastering through experience. Gaining knowledge through summary conceptualization by developing techniques and theories. Studying via lively experimentation. Learning via reflective commentary.
Learn more about Approach here:-https://brainly.com/question/14125053
#SPJ4
enthalpy of neutralization to be the most similar to that of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.
What happens in neutralization?The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.
Why does neutralization take place?Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.
To know more about Neutralization visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11687065
#SPJ4
what is nh4ch3coo compound name
Answer:
Ammonium acetate, i think
Help me solve all of these and please provide all work
13.929484 g is the mass in grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to react completely with 18.52 grams of sulfuric acid.
What is sulfuric acid?
Sulfuric acid, also known as sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol in the past, is a mineral acid made up of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur with the chemical formula H2SO4. It is a viscous liquid that is miscible with water. It has no color or smell.
Ca(OH)2+H2SO4→2H2O + CaSO4
1 mol Ca(OH)2 react with 1 mol H2SO4
molar mass of Ca(OH)2 =74.093 g/mol
molar mass of H2SO4=98.079 g/mol
⇒mol of H2SO4 in 18.52 grams=
⇒ 18.52/98.079 =0.188 mol H2SO4
So, 0.188 mol H2SO4
molar mass Ca(OH)2 =74.093 g/mol
Mass of 0.188 mol H2SO4= 0.188*74.093 g/mol=13.929484 g
13.929484 g is the mass in grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to react completely with 18.52 grams of sulfuric acid.
to know more about Sulfuric acid visit
https://brainly.com/question/12986533
#SPJ1
predict the major product for the reaction shown.
The product of the reaction is m-nitrobenzaldehyde, option B.
What is m-nitrobenzaldehyde?M-nitrobenzaldehyde, also known as meta-nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound that contains a nitro-group which is meta substituted to an aldehyde. It is soluble in water at 2.34 mg/ml and a temperature of 25° C. It is also soluble in ethanol, benzene and slightly in ether. M-nitrobenzaldehyde production process is prepared by nitration.
The carboxylic group is meta directing and has an ortho-para deactivating group therefore, during nitration of benzaldehyde, meta position gains an attachment from the nitro group forming m-nitrobenzaldehyde as product.
The full question is:
Predict the major product for the reaction shown.
a. o-cyanonitrobenzene & p-cyanonitrobenzene
b. m-nitrobenzaldehyde
c. o-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid & p-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
d. m-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
Find out more on nitrobenzaldehyde here: https://brainly.com/question/25560499
#SPJ1
The ideal gas law is represented by pv=nrt . as volume is held constant and the temperature increases, how would the pressure be expected to change?
If in a gas the volume is held constant and the temperature increases, pressure exerted by the gas also increases.
Ideal gas law
The gas law which relates the macroscopic properties of ideal gases is known as ideal gas law. A gas is known as an ideal gas when its particles (a) do not attract or repel one another and (b) take up no space (have no volume). The ideal gas law equation is given as the following,
(PV = nRT)
Where,
P is pressure
V is volume
R is the universal gas constant
T is the temperature and
n is the number of moles
As we can see from the equation that T is directly proportional to P so when V is kept constant and T increases P also increases.
Learn more about ideal gas law equation from the link given below.
https://brainly.com/question/28659544
#SPJ4
For which electrode could you use an inactive material? A.Zn B.both C.neither D.Co
Neither zinc(Zn) nor cobalt(Co) can be used as an inactive material. Both Zn and Co are active elements and they actively take part in the reactions.
What is electrode?Electrodes are defined as conductors that are used to make electrical contact with a non-metallic part of the circuit. Electrodes are of two types - reactive electrodes and inert electrodes
Reactive electrodes- These are the electrodes which take part in the reaction and can dissolve in the electrolyte. Examples are copper electrode, zinc electrode.
Inert electrodes - These electrodes do not take part in the reaction. Examples are carbon electrode etc.
learn more about electrodes: https://brainly.com/question/17362810
#SPJ4
B. The Lewis diagram for AsO2 is: :0-as=0 Recall that for predicting geometry, double and triple bonds count as only one electron pair region. The electron-pair geometry around the As atom in AsO2 is trigonal plantar There are unshared pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of the AsO2 molecule is bent
The Lewis structure of the arsenite is shown in the image attached.
What is the Lewis structure?We know that the Lewis structure of a compound can help us to be able to see the way that there can be a good arrangement of the atoms that we have in the compound.
There are two parts of the Lewis structure and they are;
-The symbol of the element
-The electrons in the elements shown as dots
For the arsenite, we can see tat we have one atom of arsenic and then we have two atoms of oxygen in the Lewis structure of the compound. The compound is linear in molecular geometry but the electron domain geometry is trigonal planar.
Learn more about Lewis structure:https://brainly.com/question/20300458?
#SPJ1
nh2ch2co2h lewis structure
The Lewis structure of the compound is shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is Lewis structure?We know that the Lewis structure shows us what a compound looks like. The two parts of the Lewis structure would include the symbol of the element as well as the electron dots that can be used to show the number of valence electrons. This is why we call the Lewis structire the Lewis dot structure of a compound.
We can see that the compound here has an amine group as well as a carboxylic group and the Lewis structure would tell us the number of electron pairs that we have on the valence shell of each of the atoms.
Learn more about Lewis structure:https://brainly.com/question/20300458
#SPJ1
how many atomic orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital? explain. the bonding of three incorrect: your answer is incorrect. atomic orbital(s) on two correct: your answer is correct. different atom(s) will give rise to one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital
There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.
Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.
Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.
Learn more about Atomic orbitals here:- https://brainly.com/question/20319149
#SPJ4
Calculate the molar solubility of SrF2 (Ksp = 4.3×10−9) in the following substances.
1.4×10−2 M NaF
Express the molarity to two significant figures.
The molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M
What is molar solubility vs solubility?The primary distinction between molar solubility and product solubility constant is that the former refers to the rate of dissolution of a substance per liter of a solution, while the latter refers to the dissolving of a solid in an aqueous solution.
We have, Ksp expression for the SrF₂ = 4.3×10⁻⁹
Ksp = [Sr²⁺] [F⁻]²
4.3 x 10⁻⁹ = (x) × (1.3 x 10⁻²)²
or, x = (4.3 x 10⁻⁹) / (1.3 x10⁻²)² M
or, x = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M
Molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M.
To know more about molar solubility refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/28202068
#SPJ1
which one of the equation pairs illustrates a favorable energetic coupling in a cell? (i.e. one reaction releases sufficient energy to drive the other to completion). select all that apply.
Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.
What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.
If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.
Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)
To learn more about the spontaneous reaction the link is given below:
https://brainly.com/question/14982377
#SPJ4
If 3.45 l of a 0.35 m h3po4 to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 l, what is the concentration of the resulting solution
When 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
The concentration of H₃PO₄ can be calculated as follows:
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by simply mixing the solute with more solvent by adding water to the solution.
The formula (M1V1=M2V2) represents the dilution formula in chemistry.
M1V1=M2V2
3.45 L x 0.35 M = M2 X 10.00 L
M2 = 3.45 L x 0.35 M
10.00 L
M2 = 0.1207 M
Therefore, when 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
Learn more abut dilution at https://brainly.com/question/13161206
#SPJ4
why is sulfur bigger than oxygen
Answer:
sulfur is bigger than oxygen because the number of protons that are present in oxygen is 8, while the total number of protons of sulfur is 16 this clearly states that the size of sulfur is lager because of the higher number of protons and more filled orbitals.
helium and hydrogen gas are at an unknown ambient temperature, x. given this information, fill in the blanks below. simplify your answers whenever possible. write any numbers with three significant figures
Hydrogen and helium are the lightest elements in the periodic table.
What is helium and hydrogen made of?Hydrogen and helium are uniformly mixed and form a layer on the surface of gas giants. Scientists predicted in the 1970s that the two lightest elements might separate and form a region of demixing or immiscibility at the high temperatures and pressures found inside gas giants. They are the two most prevalent elements in the universe and are gases at room temperature, with hydrogen constituting roughly 75% of all matter. A helium atom consists of a nucleus with two neutrons and two positively charged protons, which is surrounded by two negatively charged electrons in orbit. One proton and one electron make up one hydrogen atom.translational = 3
rotational = 2
vibrational = 1
Total = 6
Internal energy = 6N x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules
E₁ = 3 N kT
At the temperature of 1000K , helium will have following degree of freedom
translational = 3
rotational = 0
vibrational = 0
Total = 3
Internal energy = 3N x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules
E₂ = 3 / 2 N kT
Ratio = E₁ / E₂
= 2
Learn more about helium and hydrogen refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/17583402
#SPJ4
all tissues consist of two main components,. mention them
All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.
It is the time elapse between stimulation and the start of reaction to the stimulation.
Reaction time time elapse between stimulation and the start of reaction to the stimulation.
What is reaction with example?A chemical reaction occurs when one or more chemicals combine to generate one or more new substances. An illustration of this is when iron plus oxygen combine to make rust. Vinegar with baking soda together result in the production of water, carbon dioxide, and sodium acetate. flammable or explosive items.
Why do chemical reactions occur?Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. Products are the chemicals that are produced as a result of a chemical reaction, whereas reagents are the ingredients that initiate one.
To know more about Reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28984750
#SPJ4
Write "true" or "false" for each statement. A mole of horses contain a mole of horse legs.
The given statement is false, as a mole of horses contain 4 mole of horse legs.
What is the conversion factor?The ratio of moles of molecules (or formula units) to moles of atoms can be used as a conversion factor. To create the conversion factor from this equation, write the magnitude on one side of the equal sign in the numerator of the fraction and the other magnitude on the denominator. Note that a second conversion factor can be created by interchanging the spelling of each quantity for the fraction bar. A conversion factor is an expression of the relationship between units used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing the value. The conversion factor (or unit factor) is always equal to 1, the numerator and denominator have the same value, and are expressed in different units.
Start with the number of horses in moles.
As every horse has has four legs. Use it as a conversion factor to convert the moles on the horse to the moles on the legs.
1 mol horse = 1 mol legs / 4 mol legs
1 mol horse × (4 mol legs / 1 mol legs) = 4 mol legs
4 mol legs ≠ 1 mol legs, so this is false.
To know more about conversion factor, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/21839636
#SPJ1
Draw a Lewis structure for SiF5- and answer the following questions based on your drawing.
1. For the central silicon atom:
... The number of lone pairs =
The number of single bonds =
The number of double bonds =
2. The central silicon atom ____
... A. Obeys the octet rule
B. Has an incomplete octet.
C. Has an expanded octet.
The Lewis structure of SiF₅ shows that there are 5 single bonds in the compound with no double bonds and the central silicon atom expands the octet since it is bonded with 9 electrons.
What is silicon Penta fluoride?Silicon penta fluoride SiF₅ is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between silicon and fluorine. Silicon is 14th element and it have 4 valence electrons. Thus, it need 4 more electrons to attain octet.
Fluorine is 17th element containing 7 valence electrons. Thus it needs 1 electron to attain octet. Each F shares their one valence electrons with silicon and Si thus exceeds octet by receiving 9 electrons. All the 5 bonds are single bonds.
The one extra pair of electron make the charge on the central atom. Thus the compound does not obey octet rule.
To find more on octet rule, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/865531
#SPJ1
How does the rate of today's warming compare to previous episodes of
rapid climate change on Earth?
A. Today's climate warming is about as fast as the temperature swings that have
happened in Earth's past.
B. Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today.
C. Today, the Earth's climate is changing much faster than it has changed in the past.
Answer:
B. Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today
Explanation:
The Earth is warming abnormally quickly . Over the past century it has warmed roughly 10 times faster than the average increase in temperature after each ice age .
so the answer is B.Past changes in the climate have been faster than the changes we're seeing today.
FILL IN THE BLANK. a science teacher adds water to a strong acid for use in the lab with students. this makes the concentration___, because the amount of solute per volume of solvent
A science teacher adds water to a strong acid for use in the lab with students. this makes the concentration weaker, because the amount of solute per volume of solvent decreases.
What is meant by concentration of the solution?
There are two components in an aqueous solution: the solute and the solvent. You must be familiar with these two fundamental terminology for solution concentration. The amount of solute in the solution must always be recorded. The quantity of a solute in a solvent is what we refer to in chemistry as the concentration of a solution. We refer to a solution as being concentrated when there is more solute present. Conversely, we refer to a solution as being diluted when it contains more solvent.
There are various methods of expressing the concentration of a solution. You will usually see Chemists working with the number of moles. Pharmacists will use percentage concentrations instead of the number of moles.
To know more about concentration of solution:
https://brainly.com/question/17206790
#SP J4
how might a natural disaster such as a forest fire affect the elements of the hydrosphere
Answer:
A fire could cause an increase in evaporation of water from surface water near the fire.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Wildfires can compromise water quality both during active burning and for months and years after the fire has been extinguished. Burned watersheds are prone to increased flooding and erosion, which can negatively affect water-supply reservoirs, water quality, and drinking-water treatment processes.
Wildfires can have immediate and long term effects on rivers, lakes, and streams. After burning vegetation, the ground's soil becomes hydrophobic and is unable to absorb any water. This creates what is known as stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainflow that travels over the surface of the ground.
please give me brainiest.
. calculate the ground state ionization energy (in kj/mol) and the wavelength (in nm) required for b4
The wavelength of radiation required to ionize b4 is therefore equal to 4.51 kj/mol / 10.8 eV, or 0.42 nm.
What is radiation?
Based on the energy of a radiated particles, radiation is frequently divided into ionising and non-ionizing categories. More than 10 eV is carried by ionising radiation, which is sufficient to ionise atoms as well as molecules and rupture chemical bonds. Due to the significant differences in how harmful these substances are to living things, this distinction is crucial. Radioactive substances that emit radiation in the form of helium nuclei, electrons as well as positrons, or photons are frequently sources of ionising radiation.
The ground state ionization energy of b4 is the energy required to remove an electron from the atom in its ground state. This energy is usually expressed in kilojoules per mole (kj/mol) and is equal to the amount of energy required to ionize one mole of b4 atoms.
The wavelength (λ) of radiation required to ionize b4 is the energy of the photon of radiation divided by the ground state ionization energy of b4. This wavelength is usually expressed in nanometers (nm).
The ground state ionization energy of b4 is 10.8 eV, which is equal to 4.51 kj/mol. The wavelength of radiation required to ionize b4 is therefore equal to 4.51 kj/mol / 10.8 eV, or 0.42 nm.
To learn more about radiation
https://brainly.com/question/25746629
#SPJ4
what is cation and anion for
CrS2
The cations and anions are ions. They possess opposite electrical charge, so they get attracted to each other. Here the cation of the compound is Cr²⁺ whereas the anion is S²⁻.
What are cations and anions?A cation can be defined as the atom or molecule which is positively charged and an anion can be defined as the atom or molecule which is negatively charged. All the cations are found to be metal and the anions are non-metal.
The cation repels other cation whereas the anion repels another anion. The number of protons is more than the number of electrons in a cation whereas the number of electrons is more than the number of protons in an anion.
Here in the given compound CrS₂, the positively charged ion is Cr²⁺ which is the cation and the negatively charged ion is S²⁻ which is the anion.
To know more about cations and anions, visit;
https://brainly.com/question/4933048
#SPJ5
