4. Identify the compounds your cells can break down to obtain energy.

Answer:

- This process is caused by spontaneous hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond: depurination and deamination

- This process is induced by ultraviolet light:  pyrimidine dimer formation

- This can happen to guanine but not to cytosine: depurination

- This can happen to thymine but not to adenine:  pyrimidine dimer formation

- This can happen to thymine but not to cytosine: none

- Repair involves a DNA glycosylase: deamination

- Repair involves an endonuclease: depurination, deamination and  pyrimidine dimer formation

- Repair involves DNA ligase: depurination, deamination and  pyrimidine dimer formation

-  Repair depends on the existence of separate copies of the genetic information in the two strands of the double helix: depurination, deamination and  pyrimidine dimer formation

- Repair depends on cleavage of both strands of the double helix: none

Explanation:

Depurination is the loss of purine bases (either adenine or guanine), while deamination refers to the removal of an amino group. During depurination, a β-N-glycosidic bond is cleaved by hydrolysis and a nucleic base is released (either adenine or guanine). All DNA bases may undergo deamination, except thymine (since thymine does not have an amino group). The ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause thymine or cytosine to form dimers (e.g., pyrimidine dimers), being thymine dimers the most common lesion when DNA is exposed to UV light. Pyrimidine dimers may be repaired by different excision mechanisms, e.g., nucleotide excision repair, where the recognition of the DNA damage leads to the removal of the DNA fragment containing the lesion. DNA glycosylases are enzymes involved in the mechanism of base excision, these enzymes recognize and remove damaged bases by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, producing an abasic (apurinic and apyrimidinic) site. A DNA ligase enzyme covalently joins two DNA molecules by forming a phosphodiester bond, which is required during these processes.

Answer: it’s B

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About the question:

You will find the pedigree in the attached files

Answer:

Explanation:      

Mitochondrial inheritance is the transmission of a disease or a trait from the maternal line.

Most of the DNI is in the nucleus, but there is also DNI in mitochondria. Sperm cells hardly transfer mitochondrial genes to the progeny, so mitochondrial DNI is mostly inherited from the maternal side. If there exists any mutation in this mitochondrial DNI, the whole progeny of the mutated woman will be affected, as they will get the mother genotype carrying the mutation. On the contrary, if an affected man is carrying a mutation in mitochondrial DNI, non of their descendants will get the disease.

Before answering the question, let us remember the pedigree symbols.

In the exposed pedigree, we can see that the mother is affected by the disease (individual number 2), so all her children are also affected (individuals 4, 5, and 6) because the disease is mitochondrially inherited.

Individual 3 is a healthy man, so individual 4 must be an affected woman (Black circle). As she is the one affected, then all her children will also be affected. This couple had one boy and two girls. Individuals 8 and 9 are girls (circle), so individual 10 must be the affected boy (black square).  

On the other hand, individual 6 is an affected man (black square), son of individuals 1 and 2. This man couples with a woman, and they have all healthy children. So this woman (individual 7) must be healthy. Even though the man is affected, all their children are not because their mother (7) is not. Remember that sperm cells do not transmit the mitochondrial genes to the progeny.      

And finally, individual number 5 might be either a man or a woman. In any case, this person is also affected by Leigh's disease.  

Answer:

The cuticle is a transparent outer layer of the hair shaft. It is made of scales that overlap one another and protect the inner layers of the hair (Figure 3-4). The scales point from the proximal end of the hair, which is closest to the scalp, to the distal end, which is far- thest from the scalp

Explanation:

Answer:

1.) stromatolites

2.) photosynthesis

3.) Ordovician

4.) Cambrian

5.) oxygen

6.) As Earth cooled, carbon dioxide dissolved in the early ocean. Cyanobacteria consumed carbon dioxide and converted it to oxygen. Methane was removed from the atmosphere as oxygen was produced, eventually leading to the Cambrian Explosion.

7.) Metabolic processes that use oxygen produce more energy than anaerobic metabolism. Simple diffusion of oxygen would limit the size of a multicellular eukaryote, but animals evolved ways to transport oxygen to their tissues, which permitted an increase in size.

Explanation:

From Penn

Answer:

1. stromatolites  

2. photosynthesis  

3. Ordovician  

4. Cambrian  

5. oxygen  

6. As Earth cooled, carbon dioxide dissolved in the early ocean. Cyanobacteria consumed carbon dioxide and converted it to oxygen. Methane was removed from the atmosphere as oxygen was produced, eventually leading to the Cambrian Explosion.  

7. Metabolic processes that use oxygen produce more energy than anaerobic metabolism. Simple diffusion of oxygen would limit the size of a multicellular eukaryote, but animals evolved ways to transport oxygen to their tissues, which permitted an increase in size.

Explanation:

Just did it on Penn Foster

Answer:

I believe that the answer is A.

Explanation:

This option makes the most sense because of the industrial and agricultural revolutions.

Answer: 5.000/ml

Explanation: density = mass/volume= 50/ 100=1/2 or 0.5 g/ mL

Answer:

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = 16 kg-m/s

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of dodgeball = 2 kg

Velocity of dodgeball = 4 m/s

Find:

Kinetic energy of dodgeball

Computation:

Kinetic energy = (1/2)(m)(v²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(Mass of dodgeball)(Velocity of dodgeball²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(2)(4²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(2)(16)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (32/2)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = 16 kg-m/s

Answer: a

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

D is the only option where she can actually moniter the ecosystem

Answer:

Root pressure, in plants, a force that helps to drive fluids upward from the soil into the water-conducting xylem vessels. It is primarily generated by osmotic pressure in the cells of the roots and is partially responsible for the rise of water in plants.

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

i go to flvs too, also, good luck on FSA

A student made a table to show information about the physical structures and organs of birds. The statement which best describes how to correct an error in the table is the ovaries produce the eggs. The correct option is C.

Birds are the warm-blooded animals. Their forelimbs are generally modified into wings. They have a well-developed flight muscles which help during the flight of bird. Their hind limbs are adapted for the purpose of walking, hopping, perching, grasping, wading and swimming.

The ovaries produce the eggs. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs in birds. Therefore, if there is an error in the table that incorrectly identifies the function of the ovaries, it is important to correct it by stating that the ovaries produce the eggs.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. The function of an organ system depends on the integrated activity of its organs. For instance, digestive system organs cooperate to process food.

Explanation:

Answer:

One of the largest environmental effects of human population growth is the problem of Global warming.

Economic development, urbanization, energy consumption, transportation/motorization due to rapid population growth are major driving forces of air pollution in large cities.

In order to support the growing population, forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Deforestation occurs when humans clear forests to use the land either for agriculture or for habitation. This leads to soil erosion and the extinction of plant species. Land animals also decline in numbers and even face extinction due to human expansion that encroaches on their natural habitat and limits their ability to spread geographically.

Humans also continue to put a great demand on the natural resources of our planet. Many non-renewable resources are being depleted due to the unrestrained use of fuel and energy. Many parts of the world also suffer from a shortage of food and water.

The growth of the population puts larger demands on our already limited resources. The environment on earth is suffering from the growth of the global population. The depletion of resources and biodiversity, the production of waste, and the destroying of natural habitat are serious problems.

Explanation:

sorry it is so long but here u go plz leave a like and a rating and brainliest

The direct result of human population growth include consequences such

as pollution.

Increase in human population has led to an increase in industries and

use of automobiles which emits different gases which are harmful. They

deplete the ozone layer and cause global warming with incidences of

sunburns while others cause respiratory diseases such as asthma etc.

it has also resulted in overcrowding and reduced fresh oxygen due the

structures for different purposes.

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Answer:

Answe

Explanation:

A limited factor that causes adaptation is the loss of habitat,food,or new species.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

carbon is used as fuel and heats the furnace

Answer:

b. It usually affects the urogenital system but may also affect the eyes.

e. It is gram-negative bacterium.

d. It must be grown on selective and enriched media.

g. It usually affects the nervous system.

f. It can cause asymptomatic infections.

Explanation:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative bacteria known to cause the sexually transmitted infection called Gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is easily treated with antibiotics, as long as the patient seeks early care and discovers the disease early on, as it can be asymptomatic, especially in women. When left untreated, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can infect the nervous system, causing many problems and even leading to death.

Despite being known to attack the urogenital system, this bacteria can attack the eyes generating gonococcal conjunctivitis, which is also sexually transmitted.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a fastidious bacteria, which means that it only grows in specific, selective and enriched culture media.

Answer: A. Insecticides and herbicides can potentially contaminate foods.

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

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Answer:

i think ur answer B.)

Explanation:

sorry if wrong

hope this helps

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

Thyroid is primarily caused by lack of iodine but there are other reasons as well that lead to increased size of the thyroid gland. Some of these reason is

a) over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones

b) Nodules in the glans

Some times, due to overstimulation immune system itself attack the thyroid gland thereby producing excess thyroxine and hence causing  the thyroid to swell

Thus, Option A is correct

Answer:

the wings of a red tailed hawks

Answer:

c i had that before its c

Explanation:

Answer:

the translation between mRNA and amino acids are the same for all living sells. for example the mRNA codon CAG codes for glutamine in all living cells

Answer: Selection occurs within generations; evolution occurs between generations. All four of Darwin's postulates are true for the medium ground finch population on Daphne Major. Darwin's theory therefore predicts a change in the composition of the population from one generation to the next. In biology, evolution is the change in the inherited traits of a population from generation to generation. ... Natural selection is a process that causes heritable traits that are helpful for survival and reproduction to become more common, and harmful traits to become more rare.

Explanation:

Natural selection is the process by which heritable qualities that help with survival and reproduction become more common while harmful traits become rare

Evolution is defined as a change in the heritable traits of biological populations. These traits are the manifestations of genes that are passed down from one generation to the next during reproduction.

Selection occurs inside generations, while evolution occurs between generations. All four of Darwin's postulates are met by the medium ground finch population on Daphne Major. Darwin's theory anticipates a shift in population composition from generation to generation as a result. In biology, evolution is the change in the inherited traits of a population from generation to generation. Natural selection is the process by which heritable qualities that help with survival and reproduction become more common while harmful traits become rare.

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Answer: The arrangements and correct order of the above described genetic and behavioural adaptations includes:

A.) Camouflage: This is a survival adaptation by which an animal blends in and is hidden in its surroundings.

B.) Mimicry: This is an organism exhibiting characteristics similar to one known to be dangerous.

C.) Tropism: This is the growth or movement of an organism ( usually plant) in response to a stimulus.

D.) Venom: This is a poison secreted by animals for either defensive or offensive purposes.

E.) Mutualism: This is the interaction of two organisms where both benefits.

F.) Commensalism: This is the interaction of two organisms where one is helped and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Explanation:

In the study of organisms and it's environment, they are able to adapt through genetic and behavioural mechanisms. Adaptation of defined as the ability of organisms to become fitted to its environment by modifying or changing its features. These features may be structural or behavioural.

STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION: Almost every part of the body of a living organism is structurally adapted to its mode of life. They are structurally adapted for the following specific functions:

--> Escape and defence: many animals use CAMOUFLAGE to remain unnoticed by potential predators. While some others are capable of producing poisonous VENOMS which may become offensive to the predators. Also many harmless organisms may possess structural behaviours that may MIMIC dangerous organisms thereby keeping their predators at arms length.

--> obtaining food: organisms needs to possess some structural features that will enable them obtain food in their environment. This usually leads to forming various feeding relationship ( which may be MUTUALISTIC or COMMENSALISM) with one another to be able to obtain food for survival.

BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATION: Behaviour is everything an organism does in response to changes in its environment. Plants do exhibit behavioural adaptations and a typical example is the phototrophic movement of plant shoots which is a type of TROPISM.

Answer:

No.

Explanation:

Answer:

ivy

Explanation:

Answer:

Poison Ivy is also known as Rhus toxicodendron. Its species identifier is:

Rhus

poison

toxicondendron

Explanation:

Answer:

They raise LDL and lower HDL

Explanation: