Answer: In DNA the parent duplicates itself through a process known as mitosis. Any offspring is going to have the same exact DNA as the parent. (same characteristics, everything).
The comparison of the DNA of an offspring to the DNA of its parents is determined by the fact that every offspring gets 50% of its genome from each parent, but it is always a different 50%.
How does the DNA of parents compare to that of offspring?In the process of sexual reproduction, meiosis produces haploid gametes that fuse during fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. In other words, an offspring inherits half of the genetic material from each parent. The children resemble their parents, but they are not identical to them.
During the process of meiosis, gametes get a random chromosome from each pair. This means that there are over 8 million possible DNA combinations from 23 chromosome sets. Due to this, the difference in the genetic material or DNA sequences is occurred due to the process of variations between them while DNA copying.
Therefore, the comparison is made due to the mechanism through which every offspring gets 50% of its genome from each parent, but it is always a different 50%.
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The genetic code was elucidated through the use of polyribonucleotide's synthesized either enzymatically or chemically in the laboratory. Given what we now know about the genetic code, how would you make a polyribonucleotide that could serve as an mRNA coding predominantly for may Phe residues and a small number of Leu and Ser residues?
What other amino acid(s) would be encoded by this polyribonucleotide, but in smaller amounts?
Answer:
The genetic codes are responsible for coding the amino acids. The messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) consists of triplet codons, which is responsible for the synthesis of respective amino acid sequences. The UUU codes for the phenylalanine amino acids. Similarly, the incorporation of 5 mixtures such as ADP, GDP, CDP, and UDP can alternatively produce the mRNA polymer with the serine and lysine residue in a small amount.
EXPLANATION:
The genetic codes are responsible for coding the amino acids. The messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) consists of triplet codons, which is responsible for the synthesis of respective amino acid sequences. The formation of the RNA stand is done by using ADP, GDP, CDP, and UDP (adenosine, guanosine, cytosine, and uridine diphosphate). It requires no template for the formation of polymers. Therefore incorporation of UDP is done by the incorporation of polynucleotide phosphorylase, which will result in the formation of poly U. The UUU codes for the phenylalanine amino acids. Similarly, the incorporation of 5 mixtures such as ADP, GDP, CDP, and UDP can alternatively produce the mRNA polymer with the ser and lysine residue in a small amount. For example in the stretch of polynucleotide UUU presence of one of the following codon UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG as well as UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, and AGU can synthesize leucine and serine residues. (UUC)n can synthesize the polymer of phenylalanine, serine, and incorporation of few A and G will synthesize leucine. However, the presence of A, C, and G can also synthesize a small amount of tyrosine, isoleucine, and cysteine residue.
