The area between the supply and demand curves represents the total tax revenue, and we would shade the area to demonstrate that it is greater under the 12% tax rate compared to the 20% tax rate.
A. In the tax incidence or tax shifting diagram, the demand curve represents the quantity of hotel stays demanded at different prices, and the supply curve represents the quantity of hotel stays supplied at different prices. The vertical axis represents the price of hotel stays, and the horizontal axis represents the quantity of hotel stays.
To show higher total tax revenue at the 12% tax rate, we would draw a new demand curve that reflects the decrease in price resulting from the lower tax rate. This lower price leads to an increase in the quantity demanded. Additionally, we would draw a new supply curve that reflects the increase in quantity supplied due to the lower tax burden on hotel owners. The area between the supply and demand curves represents the total tax revenue, and we would shade the area to demonstrate that it is greater under the 12% tax rate compared to the 20% tax rate.
B. Arthur Laffer's curve illustrates the relationship between the tax rate and total tax revenue. The horizontal axis represents the tax rate, and the vertical axis represents total tax revenue. The curve is U-shaped, with the peak representing the tax rate that maximizes total tax revenue.
To show the tax percentage reduction and the total tax revenue increase, we would plot the curve with the tax rate on the horizontal axis and the total tax revenue on the vertical axis. The curve would start at a high tax rate and show a decrease in total tax revenue as the tax rate decreases. However, at a certain point, the curve reaches a maximum and starts declining as the tax rate decreases further. This demonstrates the concept that reducing the tax rate can lead to an increase in total tax revenue up to a certain point, beyond which further reductions in the tax rate would result in lower total tax revenue.
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In general, for Tax Year 2021, the de minimis safe harbor election allows taxpayers with business or investment property income to claim an automatic deduction for property costing:
$500 or less per item.
$1,000 or less per item.
$2,000 or less per item.
$2,500 or less per item.
Channing is self-employed as a professional video gamer. He will use the single filing status, and he has net business income of $59,259. The deductible part of his self-employment tax is $4,187. His taxable income, without regard to any amount he may be eligible to deduct for the qualified business income deduction, is $42,522. He did not have any employees nor any assets or property to depreciate.
Channing is eligible to receive a qualified business income (QBI) deduction of:
$0
$8,504
11,104
$11,852
The amount of Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction that Channing is eligible to receive for the tax year 2021 is $11,104.
As Channing is self-employed, he can claim the qualified business income (QBI) deduction. The amount of his net business income is $59,259. He can claim a deduction of $4,187 for the deductible part of his self-employment tax. His taxable income, excluding any deduction that he may be eligible to take for the QBI deduction, is $42,522.Channing is allowed to receive a QBI deduction of $11,104.
Because his total taxable income, which is $42,522, is less than the threshold amount of $163,300 for a single taxpayer, the deductible QBI deduction is 20% of the qualified business income from his business, up to the taxable income minus the net capital gain amount of $39,000. Because Channing does not have any employees, assets, or properties that are depreciable, the calculation steps are not necessary. Therefore, Channing can claim a QBI deduction of $11,104.
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Channing is eligible to receive a qualified business income (QBI) deduction of $8,504.
The qualified business income (QBI) deduction is a tax deduction that permits eligible self-employed people and small business owners to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income, subject to limitations and restrictions.
For Tax Year 2021, the de minimis safe harbor election allows taxpayers with business or investment property income to claim an automatic deduction for property costing $2,500 or less per item.
In this question, Channing is self-employed as a professional video gamer. He will use the single filing status, and he has net business income of $59,259. The deductible part of his self-employment tax is $4,187. His taxable income, without regard to any amount he may be eligible to deduct for the qualified business income deduction, is $42,522. He did not have any employees nor any assets or property to depreciate.
Channing is eligible for a qualified business income deduction of $8,504.
This is calculated as follows:Taxable income = $42,522
Deduction for self-employment tax = $4,187Q
BI deduction = (20% x ($59,259 - $4,187)) = $11,415.4 (but limited to the taxable income, $42,522)
Thus, the QBI deduction for Channing is $8,504 ($42,522 - $4,187 - $11,415.4). Therefore, the correct answer is $8,504.
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2.1 Discuss the main influences on the job design, work time allocation and the design of the working environment. (20)
2.2 How can operations assess the potential causes of, and risks from failure? (16)
2.3 How should the improvement effort be linked to strategy? (13)
2.4 Define CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) (1)
Organizational goals, technology, employee skills, and legal and ethical considerations influence job design, work time allocation, and the working environment. Improvement efforts should be linked to the organization's strategy and CSR should be taken into account.
Job design, work time allocation, and the design of the working environment are influenced by several factors. Organizational goals and objectives guide the design of jobs and work processes. Technology plays a role in determining the tasks and skills required for jobs. Employee skills and abilities need to be considered to ensure job fit and productivity. Job characteristics, such as autonomy and variety, impact job design. Legal and ethical considerations, including labor laws and safety regulations, influence the design of work environments.
Operations can assess potential causes of and risks from failure by utilizing various techniques. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) identifies potential failure modes, their effects, and the likelihood of occurrence. Root cause analysis (RCA) helps identify the underlying causes of failures. Risk assessment methods, such as risk matrices or probability-impact grids, assess the likelihood and severity of risks. By employing these techniques, operations can proactively identify and mitigate potential failure points and risks.
The improvement effort should be closely linked to the organization's strategy to ensure alignment and maximize impact. Improvement initiatives should be directly connected to the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. This can be achieved by involving key stakeholders in the improvement process, considering their input and insights. Improvement efforts should be designed to support and enhance the overall strategic direction, ensuring that they contribute to the organization's long-term success.
CSR, or Corporate Social Responsibility, refers to a company's commitment to conducting its business in an ethical and responsible manner, taking into account the interests of various stakeholders. It involves integrating social, environmental, and ethical concerns into business operations and interactions with stakeholders. CSR encompasses initiatives such as environmental sustainability, community engagement, ethical sourcing, and fair treatment of employees. By practicing CSR, companies strive to create a positive impact on society and the environment, beyond their financial performance.
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. You are considering a project with the following cash flows:
Year 1 - $1200
Year 2 - $1800
Year 3 - $2900
What is the present value of these cash flows, given a 9% discount rate?
A. $4,713.62
B. $4,855.27
C. $5,103.18
D. $5,292.25
E. $6,853.61
The present value of the cash flows with a 9% discount rate is $4,855.27.This means that the current value of the future cash flows is $4,855.27,taking into account the time value of money and the discount rate.
To calculate the present value of the cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow back to the present using the 9% discount rate. The present value of the cash flows is calculated as follows:
Year 1: PV = $1200 / (1 + 0.09)^1 = $1099.08
Year 2: PV = $1800 / (1 + 0.09)^2 = $1473.90
Year 3: PV = $2900 / (1 + 0.09)^3 = $2000.29
The total present value is $1099.08 + $1473.90 + $2000.29 = $4573.27, which is closest to option B. Therefore, the correct answer is B. $4,855.27.
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On March 1, 2002, Tahir Muktar, a famous businessman in Addis, opened a business named "Universal Garage" which is organized as a sole proprietorship. The business is established to render car repair, maintenance and related services for fees. Below are chart of accounts for and selected transactions completed by Universal Garage in March 2002. Mar 1 Received the following assets from its owner, Tahir: Cash....................................... Br, 8,300 Supplies ................................. 2,000 Office Equipment................... 10,000 2 Borrowed Br 5,000 from Dashen Bank 3 Paid Br 1,800 for rent on a building leased for business purposes 3 Purchased welding and other repair machinery for Br 3,600 cash 4 Paid Br 200 for a radio advertisement 8 Sold for Br 200 cash an old office equipment with a recorded cost of Br 200 13 Paid weekly salary Br 1,200 16 Received Br 4,400 from services rendered on cash 20 Paid weekly salary Br 1,200 include transactions for other income 20 Delivered service on credit, Br 6,000 21 Purchased additional repair machinery on account for Br 2,000 from Sámi-Engineers 23 Received Br 5,000 additional cash investment from its owner 24 Repaid Br 1,000 bank loan and paid Br 100 interest on bank loan 26 Purchased supplies for Br 800 cash 27 Paid Br 100 for customer entertainment and other items 27 Paid weekly salary Br 1,200 31 Paid Br 500 for electricity and other utilities consumed during the month 31 Received Br 4,200 cash from credit customers 31 Paid Tahir Br 1,800 for personal uses Required: Journalize the above transactions in a two-column journal Post the journal entries to "T" accounts Prepare and complete a worksheet based on the following additional information Cost of supplies remained unconsumed on Mar 31 is Br 900 The amount paid on Mar 3 is for a three-month rent The amounts of depreciation for machinery and office equipment are estimated to be Br 560 and Br 1,900 respectively Universal Garage usually pays Br 1,200 for employee's salary every Saturday for a six-day work week ended on that day Interest on bank loan accrued but not paid on March 31 total Br 100
Universal Garage journal entries for March 2002 transactions is shown below.
Universal Garage Journal Entries For March 2002 Transactions Universal Garage T-Accounts for March 2002 Transactions:
Universal Garage T-Accounts for March 2002 Transactions Universal Garage Worksheet: Universal Garage Worksheet Universal Garage Cost of Goods Sold:
In accounting, Cost of goods sold (COGS) represents the cost incurred by a company to manufacture or purchase the products it sells.
COGS is one of the main factors that are used in determining a company's gross profit margin. It is calculated by taking the beginning inventory balance and adding to it all inventory purchases and labor costs, then subtracting the ending inventory balance. The Cost of Supplies consumed is calculated as follows:
Cost of Supplies Consumed = Beginning Supplies + Purchases - Ending Supplies
= 2,000 + 800 - 900
= Br 1,900.
Therefore, the Cost of Supplies consumed during March 2002 is Br 1,900. The worksheet calculations are as follows: Universal Garage Worksheet Calculations.
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If real income grows at approximately 2% per year, the number of years it will take for real income to double is approximately O a. 12. O b. 36. O c. 72. O d. 24. O e. 5.
Answer:
24............. .................. ....... .........
If real income grows at approximately 2% per year, the number of years it will take for real income to double is approximately (b) 36 years.
To determine the approximate number of years it will take for real income to double with a 2% annual growth rate, we can use the rule of 70. The rule of 70 states that the doubling time can be estimated by dividing 70 by the annual growth rate.
In this case, the annual growth rate is approximately 2%. Applying the rule of 70, we divide 70 by 2 to get an estimated doubling time of 35 years. Therefore, the number of years it will take for real income to double is approximately 35 years.
Since none of the provided options match the estimated doubling time, it seems there might be a mistake in the options. The closest option is 36 (option b), which is the rounded value of the estimated doubling time of 35 years.
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Question 4. Suppose a consumer's preference is described by the following utility function U(C, 1) = 2C + 541/2, where C is the consumption goods I is the leisure. The total available time h is 1, and the market's real wage is w. The production function is given by Y =zK1/2(N0)4/2, where z = 1 and K = 1. For simplicity, let us assume that there is no government, G = 0. The firm distributes a profit it to the consumer. a) Solve the consumer's problem and find the optimal values of C" and I Derive the labor supply N' (function). b) Solve the firm's problem and derive ND. c) Compute the competitive equilibrium wage rate (w*), and derive the employment (N"), and the aggregate output Y. d) Compute the equilibrium profit #t and C. Is the income-expenditure identity satisfied?
Budget constraint = C + Wi = who The LaGrange is given by L = 2C + 541/2 + λ(who - C - Wi)Taking the first-order conditions, we have2 - λ = 0wλ = 0-1 = 0λwh - λC = 0C* = 1/4(541/2w)-1I* = 3/4.
In order to derive the labor supply N' (function), we need to take the total differentiation of the budget constraint. DC/dw + Idi/dew = hew/dew CD + Idi/dew = h2C' + I = w Substituting the optimal values of C* and I*, we have: C' = w/2N' = 1 - I* = 1/4 The utility function is U(C, I) = 2C + 54^(1/2)I^(1/2). The budget constraint is given by C + Wi = who The LaGrange is given by L = 2C + 54^(1/2)I^(1/2) + λ(who - C - Wi).
Taking the first-order conditions, we have2 - λ = 0wλ = 0-1 = 0λwh - λC = 0C* = 1/4(54^(1/2)w)^-1I* = 3/4.In order to derive the labor supply N' (function), we need to take the total differentiation of the budget constraint. DC/dw + IdI/dw = hew/dew CD + IdI/dw = h2C' + I = w Substituting the optimal values of C* and I*, we have :C' = w/2N' = 1 - I* = 1/4.
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An employee, Ross, was an operator of heavy equipment in a sand and gravel operation. His performance was adequate for most of the 5 year period during which he worked for his employer. The operation was several miles out of town, and Ross and others took a company bus to the worksite. Several co-workers began to notice that there was a smell of marijuana emanating from Ross on a daily basis and reported it to the employer. The employer confronted Ross who admitted he had a drug problem.
What is the best course of action for the employer to deal with Ross?
What should Ross do in order to save his job?
Can Ross can be terminated? When and on what basis? Examine all possibilities.
An employee, Ross, was an operator of heavy equipment in a sand and gravel operation. His performance was adequate for most of the 5-year period during which he worked for his employer.
The operation was several miles out of town, and Ross and others took a company bus to the worksite. Several co-workers began to notice that there was a smell of marijuana emanating from Ross on a daily basis and reported it to the employer. The employer confronted Ross who admitted he had a drug problem.
The best course of action for the employer to deal with Ross is to refer him to the company's Employee Assistance Program (EAP). If he receives assistance through EAP and commits to staying drug-free, he may be able to save his job. Ross could also take medical leave and seek treatment for his drug addiction. Once he is sober, he can return to work and will not have to worry about being terminated.
Termination would be a last resort for the employer, and it should only happen if Ross continues to use drugs despite warnings and assistance from the company. Ross should seek treatment for his drug addiction and work on staying drug-free. He should comply with any conditions the employer imposes in order to retain his employment. Ross should also be forthcoming and honest about his addiction and show that he is committed to seeking help and overcoming the problem.
Ross can be terminated if he continues to use drugs despite warnings from the employer and assistance from EAP. If Ross is found using drugs on the job, this would be a clear violation of the employer's drug and alcohol policy. Even if Ross undergoes treatment and returns to work, he could still be terminated if he violates the employer's drug and alcohol policy again.
The employer should ensure that they have policies and procedures in place to address drug and alcohol use in the workplace. They should also provide training to employees on drug and alcohol use and establish an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) to help employees who may be struggling with addiction. The company should be prepared to take disciplinary action, including termination, if employees violate the policy.
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Abbey Co. sold merchandise to Gomez Co. on account, $23.300, terms 2/15, net 30. The cost of the goods sold was $16,310 Abbey Co. issued a credit memo for $2,200 for merchandise returned that originally cost $1,500. Gomez Co. paid the invoice within the discount period. What is the amount of gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions?
The amount of gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions is $4,568. gross profit is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold. Revenue is the amount of money that a company earns from selling its products or services to customers.
Cost of goods sold is the total cost of the products or services that a company sold during a given period of time.In the given problem: The amount of the merchandise sold on account was $23,300 and the cost of goods sold was $16,310.
Therefore, the gross profit on the sale was:Gross profit = Revenue - Cost of goods Sold Gross profit = $23,300 - $16,310Gross profit
= $6,990The credit memo issued for the merchandise returned was $2,200 and the cost of that merchandise was $1,500. Therefore, the gross profit on the return was:Gross profit
= Credit memo - Cost of goods Returned Gross profit = $2,200 - $1,500
= $700The net revenue from the sale is:Net revenue = Revenue - Credit memo Net revenue
= $23,300 - $2,200Net revenue
= $21,100Since Gomez Co. paid the invoice within the discount period, Abbey Co. will give Gomez Co. a 2% discount on the net revenue: Discount
= 2% x Net revenueDiscount = 2% x $21,100Discount = $422Therefore, the net sales is: Net sales = Net revenue - Discount Net sales = $21,100 - $422Net sales = $20,678 The cost of goods sold on the net sales is:Cost of goods sold
= Cost of goods sold / Revenue x Net salesCost of goods sold = $16,310 / $23,300 x $20,678Cost of goods sold = $14,506.76.
Therefore, the gross profit on the net sales is:Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold Gross profit = $20,678 - $14,506.76 Gross profit = $6,171.24Finally, the total gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions.
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the lower of cost or market approach is blank for companies that use blank . multiple choice question. optional under gaap; any method of inventory valuation required under gaap; lifo or the retail inventory optional under gaap; lifo or the retail inventory required under gaap; any method of inventory valuation
The lower of cost or market approach is optional under GAAP for companies that use LIFO or the retail inventory valuation methods.
What is the Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) approach?The Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) approach is a method of accounting for inventory, in which the value of inventory is recorded as the lower of its original cost or the current market value.What is the significance of the LCM approach?The LCM approach is significant since it aids in determining a more precise estimate of a company's overall inventory worth, as well as ensuring that a company does not overstate the value of its inventory, which can lead to unfavorable outcomes. It is important to note that the lower of cost or market approach is optional under GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles).Furthermore, the companies that use the Last in First Out (LIFO) or the retail inventory valuation methods must use the LCM approach. LIFO or retail inventory valuation methods are permitted under GAAP, and companies that use these methods must utilize the lower of cost or market approach.
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Mr. Greenfield has provided you the following information for his second line of business (Barbering services for men) for the year ended 31 December 2020.
- Cash sales $240,000
- Rent $36,000
- Salaries- $72,000
- Miscellaneous Expenses- $24,000
- Rates- 2300
i. Prepare an Income Statement for BG Enterprises (Barbering Services) for the year ended December 31, 2019. (8 marks)
ii. Comment on the profitability of this line of business. (2 marks)
iii. Identify THREE ways in which Mr. Greenfield his business and one advantage of doing so. (4 marks)
Income statement for BG Enterprises (Barbering Services) for the year ended December 31, 2019. To prepare the income statement, we need to have the sales revenue and the operating expenses that include the costs of goods sold (COGS), wages and salaries, rent, utilities, and other expenses.
The income statement is one of the crucial financial statements, which indicates a company's profitability, revenues, and expenses over a particular period. Mr. Greenfield provided the following information for his second line of business (Barbering services for men) for the year ended December 31, 2020. Cash sales- $240,000Rent- $36,000Salaries- $72,000Miscellaneous Expenses- $24,000Rates- 2300We have to prepare the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2019. To prepare the income statement, we need to have the sales revenue and the operating expenses that include the costs of goods sold (COGS), wages and salaries, rent, utilities, and other expenses.
Let us assume that there is no information available about COGS, and the business follows the accrual accounting method. Sales Revenue=$240,000Expenses:Rent= $36,000Salaries= $72,000Miscellaneous Expenses= $24,000Rates= $2300Total Expenses= $136,300Net Income = $240,000 - $136,300= $103,700Therefore, the income statement for BG Enterprises (Barbering Services) for the year ended December 31, 2019, is as follows:Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2019ParticularsAmount ($)Sales Revenue240,000Less: ExpensesRent36,000Salaries72,000Miscellaneous Expenses24,000Rates2,300Total Expenses=136,300Net Income=240,000-136,300=103,700The profitability of this line of business:-Mr. Greenfield's barbering services for men line of business is profitable because the net income for the year ended December 31, 2019, is $103,700, which is positive. Hence, the profitability of the barbering services for men line of business is good.Identify THREE ways in which Mr. Greenfield can expand his business and one advantage of doing so:-Mr. Greenfield can use the following three ways to expand his business:1) Establish an online presence and incorporate online booking and e-commerce options. This could lead to an increase in customers, additional revenue, and also provide a competitive advantage.2) Starting a loyalty program that would reward customers for coming back to the store. This could help in retaining customers and increasing sales.3) Building a partnership with other businesses, which will help the business in cross-promotion and also open up new avenues for growth.One advantage of doing so is that the business would have the opportunity to reach a new customer base, and revenue can increase as the customer base increases.
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1. What is the monthly payment on the loan given a purchase price of $100,000 with a down payment of 10% and terms 6%, 30 years payable monthly? a. $500.00 b. $539.60 c. $599.55 d. none of the above 2
The monthly payment on the loan, is $599.55.
To calculate the monthly payment, consider the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term.
Loan amount = Purchase price - Down payment
Loan amount = $100,000 - (10% of $100,000)
Loan amount = $90,000
Next, use the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term to calculate the monthly payment using a mortgage loan calculator or a formula. One commonly used formula is the monthly payment formula for an amortizing loan:
Monthly Payment = (Loan Amount * Monthly Interest Rate) / (1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-Number of Months))
In this case, the loan amount is $90,000, the monthly interest rate is (6% / 12), and number of months is 30 years * 12 months/year.
Monthly Payment = ($90,000 * (6% / 12)) / (1 - (1 + (6% / 12))^(-30 * 12))
After the calculation, the monthly payment is approximately $599.55.
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define the Customer relationship management of
WOWPrime, a food chain from Taiwan, using the,
Customer loyalty &
satisfaction establishment + measurements
ASI Model of Customer Satisfaction. Perceived
quality = Actual - Expected.
Strategic partnership alliance: Many companies
work closely with suppliers that share common
values.
Worldwide Wowprime restaurant : Average
evaluation point, applied tools, etc. Form of
Wowprime's Customer satisfaction survey: Formal
written surveys, Face-to-face interviews,
Telephone interviews, Focus groups.
define the Customer relationship management of
WOWPrime, a food chain from Taiwan, using the,
Customer loyalty &
satisfaction establishment + measurements
ASI Model of Customer Satisfaction. Perceived
quality = Actual - Expected.
Strategic partnership alliance: Many companies
work closely with suppliers that share common
values.
Worldwide Wowprime restaurant : Average
evaluation point, applied tools, etc. Form of
Wowprime's Customer satisfaction survey: Formal
written surveys, Face-to-face interviews,
Telephone interviews, Focus groups. Can this answer be equal to 30 marks
Customer relationship management (CRM) refers to the practice of managing customer interactions to develop better relationships with them.
What is it?WOWPrime is a food chain in Taiwan that has implemented customer relationship management to improve its customers' satisfaction and loyalty. This is accomplished by using the following strategies:
1. Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction Establishment and Measurements- Customer satisfaction is the degree of satisfaction that a customer has with a product or service. It's the outcome of customer experiences and interactions with a company's products, services, and employees. WOWPrime focuses on customer satisfaction and loyalty by establishing measurements to evaluate the quality of their services.
2. ASI Model of Customer Satisfaction- ASI Model of Customer Satisfaction is a model that is used to measure customer satisfaction. It measures perceived quality, which is the difference between a customer's actual experience and what they expected. If the perceived quality is high, then the customer is satisfied with the product or service. WOWPrime uses this model to evaluate its customer satisfaction level.
3. Strategic Partnership Alliance- Strategic partnership alliance is a relationship between two or more companies that work closely together to achieve mutual benefits. WOWPrime has formed strategic partnerships with suppliers that share common values to improve the quality of its products and services.
4. Worldwide Wowprime Restaurant- Worldwide Wowprime Restaurant refers to the average evaluation point, applied tools, etc., that are used by WOWPrime restaurants worldwide to evaluate customer satisfaction.
5. Form of Wowprime's Customer Satisfaction Survey-
WOWPrime uses formal written surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and focus groups to gather feedback from its customers on their experience with its products and services. These forms of feedback help WOWPrime to understand how it can improve its services to meet the needs of its customers.
In conclusion, the implementation of customer relationship management has allowed WOWPrime to improve its customers' satisfaction and loyalty.
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Direction: Critically analyze and answer the following questions
(9 Marks) Mohammed requires funds to purchase Villa. The Villa will
cost BHD 75,000 to construct. Mariam, his wife, has up to BHD
20,00
Mohammed and Mariam have several options to finance the construction of their villa, including obtaining a loan, seeking assistance from friends and family. They must conduct a thorough evaluation of the terms, risks, and potential returns of each option to make a well-informed decision that aligns with their financial situation and objectives.
Given that Mohammed requires funds to construct a villa costing BHD 75,000, and his wife, Mariam, has up to BHD 20,000, they need to explore alternative sources of funds to bridge the funding gap. One option could be seeking a loan from a financial institution or bank to cover the remaining cost of the villa. They could present their financial situation, including Mariam's BHD 20,000, as evidence of their ability to contribute to the project. Depending on their creditworthiness and ability to repay the loan, they may be able to secure the necessary funds. Another option is to consider seeking investment or financial assistance from friends, family, or potential business partners who might be interested in collaborating on the villa project. This could involve offering a partnership or joint venture arrangement, where the investors contribute funds in exchange for a share of the villa's ownership or potential profits. Additionally, Mohammed and Mariam could explore other creative financing options such as crowdfunding or finding private investors interested in real estate projects.
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Describe the data and information required to measure performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assess supply chain efficiency through these financial indicators."
To measure the performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assess supply chain efficiency, various data and information are required.
These include:
1. Financial Data:Financial indicators play a crucial role in measuring supply chain performance and efficiency. The following financial data is essential:
- Revenue: This includes the total sales revenue generated by the business operations within the supply chain. It provides an overview of the financial performance.
- Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): COGS represents the direct costs associated with producing or acquiring the goods or services being sold. It helps assess the efficiency of the supply chain in managing production costs.
- Operating Expenses: These expenses include administrative costs, marketing expenses, and other costs related to running the business operations. Tracking operating expenses helps evaluate the overall efficiency of the supply chain.
- Profitability Metrics: Metrics such as gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin provide insights into the profitability of the supply chain operations.
2. Inventory Data:
Efficient management of inventory is crucial for supply chain performance. The following inventory-related data is needed:
- Inventory Turnover: This metric measures how quickly inventory is being sold or used. It helps evaluate the efficiency of inventory management within the supply chain.
- Days Sales of Inventory (DSI): DSI indicates the average number of days it takes to sell or consume inventory. Lower DSI indicates more efficient inventory management.
- Stockouts and Backorders: Tracking the occurrences of stockouts (when inventory is depleted) and backorders (when customer orders cannot be fulfilled) provides insights into supply chain efficiency in managing inventory levels and meeting customer demand.
3. Order Fulfillment Data:Efficient order fulfillment is critical for customer satisfaction. The following data is required:
- Order Cycle Time: It measures the time taken from receiving an order to delivering the product to the customer. A shorter cycle time indicates improved efficiency in order fulfillment.
- On-Time Delivery Performance: This metric tracks the percentage of orders delivered on time. It helps assess the supply chain's reliability in meeting customer delivery expectations.
- Order Accuracy: This data measures the percentage of orders fulfilled without errors or discrepancies. It reflects the efficiency and accuracy of order processing and fulfillment.
4. Transportation and Logistics Data:
Efficient transportation and logistics management contribute to supply chain efficiency. The following data is important:
- Transportation Costs: Tracking transportation expenses, such as freight costs or delivery expenses, helps assess the cost efficiency of supply chain operations.
- Transit Time: It measures the time taken for goods to be transported from one location to another. Shorter transit times indicate improved logistics efficiency.
- Shipment Tracking: Gathering data on shipment tracking and visibility provides insights into the efficiency of logistics operations and the ability to monitor and manage the movement of goods.
In summary, measuring the performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assessing supply chain efficiency requires data and information related to financial indicators, inventory management, order fulfillment, and transportation and logistics. Analyzing and interpreting these metrics enable businesses to identify areas for improvement, optimize operations, and enhance overall supply chain performance.
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Travis Inc. and Victory Inc. are two small clothing companies that are considering leasing a dyeing machine together. The companies estimated that in order to meet production, Travis needs the machine for 900 hours and Victory needs it for 650 hours. If each company rents the machine on its own, the fee will be $70 per hour of usage. If they rent the machine together, the fee will decrease to $65 per hour of usage. Read the Requirements 1. Calculate Travis's and Victory's respective share of fees under the stand-alone cost-allocation method. 2. Calculate Travis's and Victory's respective share of fees using the incremental cost-allocation method assuming (a) Travis ranked as the primary party and (b) Victory ranked as the primary party. 3. Calculate Travis's and Victory's respective share of fees using the Shapley value method. 4. Which method would you recommend Travis and Victory use to share the fees? Requirement 1. Calculate Tupper's and Vesser's respective share of fees under the stand-alone cost-allocation method. (Do not round intermediary calculations. Only round the amount you input in the cell to the nearest dollar.) Requirement 2. Calculate Tupper's and Vesser's respective share of fees using the incremental cost-allocation method assuming (a) Tupper ranked as the primary party and (b) Vesser ranked as the primary party. (Do not round intermediary calculations. Only round the amount you input in the cell to the nearest dollar.) Requirement 3. Calculate Tupper's and Vesser's respective share of fees using the Shapley value method. (Do not round intermediary calculations. Only round the amount you input in the cell to the nearest dollar.) Requirement 4. Which method would you recommend Tupper and Vesser use to share the fees? I would recommend the It is fairer than the which . Given its simplicity, the is likely more acceptable. incremental method incremental method or the Shapley method incremental method or the stand-alone method Shapley method Shapley value method or the stand-alone method stand-alone method incremental method Shapley value method stand-alone method does not name a user and allocates the common costs randomly names a primary user and allocates less of the common costs to that user names a primary user and allocates more of the common costs to that user incremental method Shapley value method stand-alone method
Requirement 1 Under the stand-alone cost-allocation method, the cost is divided in proportion to the hours required by each of the companies to meet their respective production levels.
This means that the proportion of the costs that Travis would pay is 900/(900+650) and for Victory is 650/(900+650).
As the machine costs $70 per hour of usage for a single company, Tupper's share of fees is 900 hours * $70/hour = $63000 and Vesser's share of fees is 650 hours * $70/hour = $45500.
Requirement
2(a) Under the incremental cost-allocation method with Travis ranked as the primary party, the cost is divided by adding the incremental costs of including Victory to the cost of Travis operating alone.
The incremental cost of including Victory is (650 * $65/hour) - (650 * $70/hour) = -$3250.
Therefore, Tupper would pay for all the costs of operating the machine which is 900 hours * $70/hour = $63000, and Vesser would pay nothing.
(b) When Vesser is ranked as the primary party, Travis has an incremental cost of (-$3250). Therefore, Vesser would pay for all the costs of operating the machine which is 650 hours * $70/hour = $45500 and Tupper would pay nothing.
Requirement 3
The Shapley value method can be used to calculate the share of common costs.
The formula is:(m-1)!/(m!)(Ci + (m-i-1)C(i-1)), where m is the number of parties, C(i) is the cost of the coalition i, and C(i-1) is the cost of the coalition i-1.Using this formula, Tupper's share of fees = (1/2)(63000) = $31500 and Vesser's share of fees = (1/2)(45500) + (1/2)(650/900)(63000) = $29050.
Requirement 4The stand-alone method is simple, but it doesn't consider the economies of scale that occur when multiple parties use a resource together. The incremental method considers the change in costs when another party is added, but it can be unfair if one party has a higher incremental cost than the other.
The Shapley value method is fairer than the other two methods since it considers all possible coalitions and allocates costs according to each party's contribution. Therefore, I would recommend Tupper and Vesser use the Shapley value method to share the fees.
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TGD Electronic Center ("TGD") repairs electronic gadgets. It employs two electricians, Shaun and Neil, who are paid weekly every Friday. Each technician earns a total of P600 per day. TGD also owns a small space and leases it to Yulje Siomai House for P5,000 per month. TGD's accounting period ends every September 30. The unadjusted net income of TGD for the year ended September 30, 2021 is PhP25,000. However, TGD has yet to record the adjustments for the following transactions: 1. On June 1, 2021, TGD loaned PhP30,000from Sweet Tooth Bank, evidenced by a 7-month promissory note with 8% interest per annum. 2. On August 28, 2021, TGD repaired several computer equipment of Cha&Cha BPO Co. for a total ofPhP18,500. Cha&Cha BPO Co. has not paid TGD as of the end of September. 3. On September 24, 2021, Shaunand Neil received their wage for work rendered from September 20 to 24. The next payday is October 1, 2021. 4. Yulje Siomai House has not paid the September rent. Question 31 1 Point Total accrued interest expenseas of September 30, 2021 amounted to PBlank 1. Blank 1 Add your answer Question 32 After posting the adjustingentries above, total revenue will increase by PBlank 1. Blank 1 Add your answer Question 33 After posting the adjusting entries above, total expenses will increase by PBlank 1. Blank 1 Add your answer Question 34 The adjusted net income for the year ended September 30, 2021 is PBlank 1. Blank 1 Add your answer Question 35 1 Point If TGD does not prepare the adjusting entries for the transactions above, net income would be understated by PBlank 1.
Question 31: Total accrued interest expense as of September 30, 2021 amounted to P1400. (ANSWER)Interest = Principal × Rate × Time Interest = 30,000 × 8% × 7/12Interest = 1,400Question 32: After posting the adjusting entries above, total revenue will increase by P18,500.
The company has earned revenue worth P18,500 for repairing the computer equipment for Cha & Cha BPO Co. which will be posted to the revenue account. After posting the adjusting entries above, total expenses will increase by P6,400. The company owes interest of P1,400 on the loan taken from Sweet Tooth Bank (interest expense account will be credited).
The wages of Shaun and Neil will be recognized for 4 days, from September 27 to 30, and a total of P2,400 will be paid (wage expense account will be debited). The September rent amounting to P5,000 and the repair expenses for Cha & Cha BPO Co. amounting to P18,500 will be recognized as expenses (rent expense account and repair expense account will be debited).Interest expense = P1,400Wages expense = P2,400Rent expense = P5,000Repair expense = P18,500Total expenses = P27,300 (P20,900 + P6,400)Question 34: The adjusted net income for the year ended September 30, 2021 is P-2,300. Net Income = Total Revenue – Total Expenses Net Income = P25,000 + P18,500 – P27,300Net Income = P-2,800Question 35: If TGD does not prepare the adjusting entries for the transactions above, net income would be understated by P27,300. If TGD does not prepare the adjusting entries for the transactions above, the net income would be overstated by P27,300 because the company has not recognized the accrued interest expense, unpaid rent expense, unpaid repair expense, and unpaid wage expense.
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Peyton Manufacturing is trying to decide between two different conveyor belt systems. System A costs $280,000, has a four-year life, and requires $85,000 in pretax annual operating costs. System B costs $396,000, has a six-year life, and requires $79,000 in pretax annual operating costs. Both systems are to be depreciated straight-line to zero over their lives and will have zero salvage value. Suppose the company always needs a conveyor belt system; when one wears out, it must be replaced. Assume the tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 9 percent. Calculate the EAC for both conveyor belt systems. (Your answers should be negative values and indicated by minus signs. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
The EAC is the annual cost that would be equivalent to the costs incurred over the life of the system. To calculate the EAC (Equivalent Annual Cost) for each conveyor belt system, we need to determine the annual cash flows for each system and then calculate the present value of those cash flows.
For System A:
Initial Cost: -$280,000
Annual Operating Costs: -$85,000
Annual Cash Flow: -$85,000 (Operating Costs)
Depreciation Expense: -$280,000 / 4 = -$70,000
To calculate the tax savings from depreciation, we multiply the depreciation expense by the tax rate:
Tax Savings: $70,000 * 0.25 = -$17,500
Net Cash Flow (Year 0): -$280,000
Net Cash Flow (Years 1-4): -$85,000 - $17,500 = -$102,500
For System B:
Initial Cost: -$396,000
Annual Operating Costs: -$79,000
Annual Cash Flow: -$79,000 (Operating Costs)
Depreciation Expense: -$396,000 / 6 = -$66,000
Tax Savings: $66,000 * 0.25 = -$16,500
Net Cash Flow (Year 0): -$396,000
Net Cash Flow (Years 1-6): -$79,000 - $16,500 = -$95,500
Next, we calculate the present value of the net cash flows for each system using the discount rate of 9%.
For System A:
EAC_A = PV of Net Cash Flows / PVIFA(9%, 4)
EAC_A = [(-$280,000) + (-$102,500) / 0.09] / [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09)^4)]
EAC_A = (-$382,500 / 0.3053) = -$1,252,955.14
For System B:
EAC_B = PV of Net Cash Flows / PVIFA(9%, 6)
EAC_B = [(-$396,000) + (-$95,500) / 0.09] / [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09)^6)]
EAC_B = (-$491,500 / 0.4024) = -$1,221,512.40
Therefore, the EAC for System A is -$1,252,955.14 and for System B is -$1,221,512.40.
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Assume equations 1 and 2 below were estimated from the data gathered that will represent the demand and supply functions respectively of an individual buyer and seller respectively for product X. = Qdx 65,000 – 11.25Px + 15Py – 3.751 + 7.5A Qsx = 7,500 + 14.25Px – 15P, – 3.75C Eq. 1 Eq. 2 = where Px – price of product X; Py - price of product Y; I average consumer's income; A. advertising expenditure; Pz - price of product Z; and C - cost of production. Use the following additional information: the price of a related product, Y, is P41.25; the average consumer's income is P12,000; advertising expenditure is P2,500; the price of product Z is P90; and the cost of production is P1,200. There are 30 identical buyers and 50 identical sellers in the market for product X. D. Using the market demand function, what is Py that will make all the buyers stop purchasing this product? Round-up to two decimals. E. What is the interpretation of the parameter a of the market demand function? F. What is the interpretation of the parameter b of the market demand function? G. What is the interpretation of the parameter d of the market supply function? H. What is the market price of product X? Round-up to two decimals. I. What is the equilibrium quantity in this market? J. What is the price range that will result to a surplus in the market? K. What is the price range that will result to a shortage in the market? If the government will intervene in this market and imposes that the minimum price will be 20% more than the market price, L. How much would be the quantity demanded? Round-up to two decimals. M. How much would be the quantity supplied? Round-up to two decimals. N. From L and M, what is the condition in the market? Explain concisely. X If the new supply equation will be Qs'x = 26,250 + 712.50P', 0. What would be the new equilibrium price (round-up to two decimals)? P. How many of this product will be bought and sold at this new market price? Round-up to two decimals. Q. What is the specific reason for this change in supply?
D. Py that will make all the buyers stop purchasing this product can be calculated using the demand function equation and keeping [tex]Qdx = 0[/tex].
This is because if buyers stop purchasing, then Qdx will be 0.
[tex]Qdx =[/tex] [tex]65,000 - 11.25Px + 15(Py) - 3.75(12,000) + 7.5(2,500) - 3.75(90) + 1,200*30 = 0[/tex]
H. [tex]Qdx = Qsx[/tex], and solving for Px.
[tex]Px = [7,500 + 14.25Px - 15(41.25) - 3.75(1,200)]/(2*50) = 37.50 + 0.15Px.[/tex] [tex]Px = 44.12.[/tex]
I. The equilibrium quantity in this market can be obtained by substituting Px in either the demand or supply function.
[tex]Qx = Qdx = 65,000 - 11.25(44.12) + 15(41.25) - 3.75(12,000) + 7.5(2,500) - 3.75(90) + 1,200*30 = 82,662[/tex].
L. The quantity demanded after the government intervention can be obtained by equating the demand function equation and keeping Px = 20% more than the market price (P44.12).
[tex]Qdx = 65,000 - 11.25(1.20*44.12) + 15(41.25) - 3.75(12,000) + 7.5(2,500) - 3.75(90) + 1,200*30 = 70,378.10.[/tex]
M. The quantity supplied after the government intervention will be the same as before, i.e.
[tex]30*(7,500 + 14.25(44.12) - 15(90) - 3.75(1,200)) = 157,500.[/tex]
X. The new equilibrium price can be obtained by equating the new demand function and the new supply function,
[tex]Qs'x = Qdx. 26,250 + 712.50P' = 65,000 - 11.25P' + 15(41.25) - 3.75(12,000) + 7.5(2,500) - 3.75(90) + 1,200*30.[/tex]
This gives[tex]P' = 38.23.[/tex]
P. The quantity demanded and supplied at the new market price of [tex]P38.23[/tex] can be obtained by substituting it in either of the demand or supply functions.
[tex]Qx = Qdx = 65,000 - 11.25(38.23) + 15(41.25) - 3.75(12,000) + 7.5(2,500) - 3.75(90) + 1,200*30 = 85,620.47.[/tex]
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In regards to change, all of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT?
Group of answer choices
Those affected by the change must feel that management supports the change.
BBusiness processes should not be changed to use a new system..
Those affected by the change must see that there is a need to change.
Those affected by the change must be trained on the new technology or process.
The correct answer is: Business processes should not be changed to use a new system.
This statement is incorrect. In the context of change management, it is often necessary to change or modify existing business processes to align with new systems or technologies.
When implementing a new system or technology, organizations typically assess and re-engineer their existing processes to optimize efficiency, improve productivity, and leverage the capabilities of the new system.
Adjusting business processes to accommodate the new system is a common practice in change management to ensure smooth integration and maximize the benefits of the change.
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U Ltd. and L Ltd. are identical firms except that U Ltd. is ungeared while L Ltd. Has R20million of 8% bonds outstanding. Both firms have a tax rate of 50%, earnings before interest and tax of R5million, and the cost of equity capital for U Ltd. is 10% p.a. Assume that all of the MM assumptions are met. Required: a) Estimate the market values of both U Ltd and L Ltd. b) If the market value of U Ltd. equals R20million and the market value of L Ltd. equals R40million, are the companies over or under valued? How will investors react to these values?.
(a) The market value of U Ltd. is R50 million and the market value of L Ltd. is R70 million.
(a) To estimate the market values of U Ltd. and L Ltd., we can use the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorem under the assumption that all MM assumptions are met. The MM theorem states that the market value of a firm is independent of its capital structure.
Since U Ltd. is ungeared, its market value is equal to the market value of its assets, which can be estimated using the capitalized earnings approach. The capitalized earnings approach calculates the market value by dividing the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) by the cost of equity capital.
Market value of U Ltd. = EBIT / Cost of equity capital
= R5 million / 0.10
= R50 million
For L Ltd., the market value is the sum of the market value of the equity and the market value of the bonds. The market value of the equity can be estimated using the capitalized earnings approach as done for U Ltd. The market value of the bonds is the outstanding value of R20 million.
Market value of L Ltd. (Equity) = EBIT / Cost of equity capital
= R5 million / 0.10
= R50 million
Market value of L Ltd. (Total) = Market value of L Ltd. (Equity) + Market value of bonds
= R50 million + R20 million
= R70 million
Therefore, the market value of U Ltd. is R50 million and the market value of L Ltd. is R70 million.
(b) If the market value of U Ltd. equals R20 million and the market value of L Ltd. equals R40 million, the companies are undervalued compared to their estimated market values. Investors are likely to react by purchasing the undervalued stocks, expecting their prices to increase in the future.
Investors will see the opportunity to buy U Ltd. and L Ltd. at lower prices than their estimated market values, which can potentially lead to capital gains when the stock prices reflect their true values. This may attract more investors and increase demand for the stocks of both companies.
In summary, U Ltd. and L Ltd. are undervalued based on their estimated market values, and investors are likely to react by purchasing these stocks in anticipation of future price increases.
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Otto's brother Dent Carr is in the auto repair business. Dent found that the total cost of repairing s cars is c(s) = 4s2 + 1600. Marginal cost MC(s) = 88. (a) This implies that Dent's average cost is equal to variable cost is equal to his average Plot average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost curves. And also plot Dent's supply curve. (b) If the market price is $200, how many cars will Dent be willing to repair? If the market price is $320, how many cars will Dent repair? (c) Suppose the market price is $320 and Dent maximizes his profits. On the graph you draw in (a), shade in and label the following areas: total costs, total revenue, and total profits.
(a) To plot the average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost curves, we need to calculate these values for different levels of car repairs.
1.
Cost (AC):AC(s) = c(s) / s = (4s² + 1600) / s
2. Average Variable Cost (AVC):
AVC(s) = MC(s) = 88 (since marginal cost is equal to average variable cost in this case)
3. Marginal Cost (MC):MC(s) = 88
To plot these curves, we can assign different values to the number of cars repaired (s) and calculate the corresponding average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost values. Here's a sample set of values:
s | AC(s) | AVC(s) | MC(s)
-------------------------------------1 | 1604 | 88 | 88
2 | 802 | 88 | 883 | 534.67 | 88 | 88
4 | 402 | 88 | 885 | 321.6 | 88 | 88
Using these values, we can plot the average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost curves on a graph.
As for Dent's supply curve, it is determined by the portion of the marginal cost curve above the minimum average variable cost. In this case, Dent's supply curve is the horizontal line at MC = AVC = 88.
(b) To determine the number of cars Dent will be willing to repair at different market prices, we need to find the quantity where Dent's marginal cost equals the market price.
For a market price of $200:
MC = 88 = $200Dent will be willing to repair 2 cars.
For a market price of $320:
MC = 88 < $320Dent will be willing to repair as many cars as needed to meet the demand.
(c) If the market price is $320 and Dent maximizes his profits, Dent will produce the quantity where MC equals the market price. In this case, Dent will repair as many cars as needed to meet the demand.
On the graph, we can shade in the following areas:
- Total Costs: The area under the average cost curve up to the quantity Dent chooses to produce.- Total Revenue: The area under the market price line up to the quantity Dent chooses to produce.
- Total Profits: The difference between the total revenue and total costs.
Please note that since the specific values for costs, revenue, and profits are not provided, the shading and labeling on the graph can be done based on the general concept.
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Earleton Manufacturing Company has $2 billion in sales and $471,500,000 in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 85% of capacity.
What level of sales could Earleton have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity? Write out your answers completely. For example, 13 million should be entered as 13,000,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$
What is Earleton's target fixed assets/sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
If Earleton's sales increase 20%, how large of an increase in fixed assets will the company need to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio? Write out your answer completely. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$
The Target fixed assets/sales ratio of Earleton's is 23.58% . The required increase in fixed assets is $242,454,000.
If Earleton Manufacturing Company is currently operating at 85% of capacity and has $2 billion in sales, to determine the level of sales it could have obtained if operating at full capacity, we can use the formula:
Full capacity sales = Current sales / Capacity utilization
Full capacity sales = $2,000,000,000 / 0.85 = $2,352,941,176 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
To calculate Earleton's target fixed assets/sales ratio, we divide the fixed assets by the sales and multiply by 100:
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = (Fixed assets / Sales) * 100
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = ($471,500,000 / $2,000,000,000) * 100 = 23.58% (rounded to two decimal places).
If Earleton's sales increase by 20%, we need to calculate the increase in fixed assets required to maintain the target fixed assets/sales ratio. First, we determine the new sales level:
New sales = Current sales + (Current sales * Sales increase)
New sales = $2,000,000,000 + ($2,000,000,000 * 0.20) = $2,400,000,000
Then, we calculate the required increase in fixed assets:
Required increase in fixed assets = (New sales * Target fixed assets/sales ratio) - Current fixed assets
Required increase in fixed assets = ($2,400,000,000 * 0.2358) - $471,500,000 = $242,454,000 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
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Which of the following is not an advantage of decentralization? Multiple Choice It eliminates layers of decision making and approvals so that organizations can respond more quickly to customers and changing circumstances It enables lower-level managers to make their own decisions independent of one another, which should improve cross-departmental coordination It empowers lower level managers to make decisions, which can increase their motivation and job satisfaction It eliminates layers of decision making and approvals so that organizations can respond more quickly to customers and changing circumstances. It enables lower-level managers to make their own decisions independent of one another, which should improve cross-departmental coordination It empowers lower-level managers to make decisions, which can increase their motivation and job satisfaction. It delegates day-to-day problem solving to lower-level managers, thereby enabling top-level managers to concentrate on overall strategy
Option (e), Enabling lower-level managers to make their own decisions independent of one another, which should improve cross-departmental coordination is not an advantage of decentralization.
Decentralization refers to the distribution of power, authority, and responsibility among various levels of an organization. It’s the transfer of decision-making power from a central authority to individuals or groups at lower levels in an organization. It has several advantages, including the following:
It eliminates layers of decision-making and approvals so that organizations can respond more quickly to customers and changing circumstances.
Enabling lower-level managers to make their own decisions independent of one another, which should improve cross-departmental coordination.
It empowers lower-level managers to make decisions, which can increase their motivation and job satisfaction.
Delegates day-to-day problem-solving to lower-level managers, thereby enabling top-level managers to concentrate on overall strategy.
However, enabling lower-level managers to make their own decisions independent of one another, which should improve cross-departmental coordination is not an advantage of decentralization. This will only increase departmental rivalry, competition, and a lack of cooperation among the managers. Therefore, it’s not an advantage of decentralization.
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How can supervisors lead employees through a difficult period such as a corporate merger, acquisition, or other major changes?
Discuss types of leadership strategies / tools / theories that can be modeled to create a positive work environment
Organizations today face a lot of challenges due to continuous changes that are a part of the business environment. Corporate mergers, acquisition, or other major changes are one of the most challenging and stressful experiences that an organization and its employees face. In such situations, a supervisor can help to lead the employees through a difficult period by using various leadership strategies and tools. Here are some ways in which supervisors can lead employees through a challenging period:Be transparent: In a situation of a merger, acquisition, or other major changes, the uncertainty and lack of information can lead to stress and anxiety among employees. Thus, supervisors should be transparent and communicate all information with their employees. This helps to reduce ambiguity, reduces stress, and builds trust among employees.Lead by example: During a difficult period, employees look to their supervisors for guidance. Thus, supervisors should lead by example. They should demonstrate calmness, resilience, and positivity. By doing so, employees are likely to emulate these behaviors, and this creates a positive work environment and improves productivity.Encourage collaboration: During difficult times, the supervisors should encourage collaboration among employees. Collaboration increases teamwork and helps to build relationships among employees. When employees feel a sense of belongingness, they are more likely to work towards achieving the organization's goals.Supportive leadership: Supervisors can use supportive leadership strategies such as coaching, mentoring, or counseling during a difficult period. These strategies provide employees with emotional and psychological support, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote resilience.In conclusion, during difficult times, supervisors should be transparent, lead by example, encourage collaboration, and use supportive leadership strategies. By using these strategies and tools, supervisors can create a positive work environment and lead employees through a challenging period.
There is a minimal interaction and communication between the 3PL enterprise in comparison to transactional relationship. True False
Previous question
The statement "There is minimal interaction and communication between the 3PL enterprise in comparison to a transactional relationship" is False.
In the context of third-party logistics (3PL) relationships, it is essential to have effective communication and interaction between the 3PL enterprise and its clients. Unlike a purely transactional relationship where the interaction is limited to specific transactions, successful 3PL partnerships require ongoing collaboration, communication, and information sharing.
3PL providers act as intermediaries between businesses and their supply chain activities, offering a range of logistics and supply chain management services. To ensure the smooth functioning of these services, regular and meaningful communication is necessary. This includes sharing information on inventory levels, order status, transportation updates, and other relevant data.
Effective communication between the 3PL enterprise and its clients enables them to work together towards common goals such as improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction. It facilitates proactive decision-making, problem-solving, and the ability to adapt to changing business needs.
Therefore, it is incorrect to state that there is minimal interaction and communication between the 3PL enterprise and its clients. On the contrary, fostering a collaborative and communicative relationship is crucial for the success of 3PL partnerships.
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pol Consider the market for tangelo oranges and suppose the demand function is given by Q=2000-2P, where represents the quantity demanded of tangelo oranges and p represents the price per pound. Suppose the supply function is given by Q=3P. where Q represents the quantity supplied. Find the equilibrium quantity and price of tangelo oranges in the market. d O a. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=400, Q = 1200- O b. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=500, Q=500. O c. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P= 1000, Q=300. O d. Equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively, P=425, Q=925 QUESTION 3 Suppose the population's income increases, shifting the demand curve to the right. Now the demand curve for tangelo oranges becomes Q-4000-2P. The supply curve remains the same. Q=3P. The new equilibrium price and quantity in the market are: O a. P=800, Q=2400. O b. p=2200, Q=1100. OCP=500, Q=500. O d. P=100, Q=250. 10 poi
The correct option is (A) P = 800, Q = 2400. The demand and supply functions are given by,Q = 2000 - 2PP = Q/3At equilibrium, Qd = Qs2000 - 2P = Q/32000 - 2P = P/3P = 600, Q = 800.
Suppose the demand curve shifts to Q = 4000 - 2P when income increases, the new equilibrium price and quantity are given by:
Qd = 4000 - 2PQs = Q/3At equilibrium,
Qd = Qs4000 - 2P = P/34000 - 2P = P/3P = 800, Q = 1600
Therefore, the new equilibrium price is 800 and the new equilibrium quantity is 1600. (Option A)
Hence, the correct option is (A) P = 800, Q = 2400.
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Jones and Riahi Belkoui (2010, p. 16) state that 'The growing politicisation of accounting is evident in the recent history of financial regulation in Australia. a. Within the context of accounting history, what is meant by the term 'politicisation of accounting? (2 marks) b. Identify factors which have caused accounting in Australia to become more 'politicised' since the 1960s. Is the politicisation more, or less likely to inspire political action during the standard setting process? Justify your response (6 marks) c. What has been the impact of increased politicisation on the role of professional judgement by accountants. Justify your response. (2 marks) In the answer box below, write the letter and your answer. e.g. a. Your answer
a. Within the context of accounting history, the term 'politicization of accounting' means the increased role of politics in accounting standards setting.
The involvement of politics in accounting could happen at any stage in the accounting process; however, politics is usually involved in standard setting. The involvement of politics in accounting is characterized by the increased scrutiny of accounting practices by politicians and the state.
b. Factors that have caused accounting in Australia to become more 'politicized' since the 1960s include the following:
the increase in size and power of corporations; changes in the structure of the economy; the development of a more interventionist state; and the increasing recognition of the social and environmental impacts of corporate activity.
The politicization of accounting is more likely to inspire political action during the standard setting process. This is because politicians have a better understanding of accounting, its processes and outcomes, and they have a better understanding of the social and environmental impacts of corporate activity.
Therefore, politicians are more likely to act in the interests of their constituents, who are the public, and to ensure that standards are set in a way that reflects these interests.
c. The impact of increased politicisation on the role of professional judgment by accountants is that it has become less significant. This is because politicians and regulators have become more prescriptive in their approach to accounting standards setting.
They have set more rules and regulations, which accountants must follow. The increase in rules and regulations has left little room for professional judgment. Therefore, accountants must follow these rules and regulations to the letter.
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_______ refers to the process of evaluating and selecting the _______. Media buying; media mix Media planning; media mix Advertising; media buy Media mixing; media buy Promotion planning; advertising mix
The correct answer is: Media planning; media mix.
Media planning refers to the process of evaluating and selecting the most appropriate media channels to reach the target audience and achieve the advertising objectives. It involves determining which media platforms (such as television, radio, print, digital, etc.) will be used to deliver the advertising message effectively.
Media mix, on the other hand, refers to the combination of different media channels or platforms that a company or advertiser chooses to use in their overall marketing communication strategy. It involves allocating the budget and resources across various media channels to optimize the reach and impact of the advertising campaign.
Therefore, the process of evaluating and selecting the media channels to be used is known as media planning, and the combination of these channels is referred to as the media mix.
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Shown below is an extract from the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021: Opal Ltd Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2021 2
The extract below represents the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021:
Opal Ltd Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2021
Assets20212020
Non-current assets££
Property, plant and equipment220,000180,000
Investments40,00030,000260,000210,000
Current assets Inventories25,00020,000
Trade receivables125,000105,000
Cash and cash equivalents25,00015,000175,000140,000
Total assets435,000350,000
Equity and liabilities EquityOrdinary share capital, $1, no par value200,000200,000
Retained earnings140,000100,000340,000300,000
Non-current liabilitiesLoan250,000180,000
Current liabilities Trade payables35,00025,000
Taxation payable10,0005,000
Bank overdraft10,00040,000
Total equity and liabilities435,000350,000
From the extract above, the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021 can be derived.
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You have developed the following data on three stocks: Stock A B C Standard Deviation 0.15 0.25 0.20 □ c. B, C. C O d. C. A. □e. C, B. Beta 0.79 0.61 1.29 As a risk minimizer, you would choose Stock □ a. A; A. Ob. A B. if held in isolation and Stock if held as part of a well-diversified portfolio.
As a risk minimizer, you would choose Stock B if held in isolation and Stock C if held as part of a well-diversified portfolio.
The reason for this choice is that Stock B has the lowest standard deviation of 0.25, indicating lower volatility compared to Stock A and Stock C. When held in isolation, Stock B would be the preferred choice for minimizing risk.
However, when considering a well-diversified portfolio, it is important to consider the correlation between stocks. The choice of Stock C is based on its higher beta of 1.29, indicating a higher sensitivity to market movements. This higher beta suggests that Stock C may provide better diversification benefits to a portfolio and potentially higher returns.
Therefore, as a risk minimizer, you would choose Stock B if held in isolation and Stock C if held as part of a well-diversified portfolio.
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