A cohort study of smoking and lung cancer was conducted in a small island population. There were a total of 1,000 people in the study, and the study was conducted over a ten year period. Four hundred were smokers and 600 were not. Of the smokers, fifty developed lung cancer. Of the non-smokers, 10 developed lung cancer. In order to measure the strength of association between smoking and lung cancer in this population, which measure of exposure-disease association would you use

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A measure of exposure-disease association one could use is the odds ratio (OR)

Step-by-step explanation:

An Odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure quantifying the level of association between two events such as an exposure and an outcome

The odds ratio gives the probability of outcome where there is a given amount of exposure

We have the table;

[tex]\begin{array}{ccc}&Developed \ lung \ cancer& Did \ not \ develop \ lung \ cancer\\Smokers&50&350\\Non-smokers&10&590\end{array}[/tex]

The odds ratio = (The number of smokers with the lung-cancer)/(The number of non-smokers with lung-cancer) ÷ (The number of smokers smokers without long cancer).(The number of non-smokers without long cancer)

∴ OR = (50/10) ÷ (350/590) = 59/7 = 8.[tex]\overline{428571}[/tex] ≈ 8.4

Therefore, a smoker is approximately 8.4 times more likely to develop lung cancer than a non-smoker.


Related Questions

please help!! i will give brainliest.

Answers

Answer:

3/10 inches apart

Step-by-step explanation:

total miles based on 2" equals 33 miles can be found by solving this proportion:

2/33 = 6/x

2x = 198

x = 99

99 miles divided by 11 rest stops means each stop is 9 miles apart

now use new ratio of 1" equals 30 miles

1/30 = x/9

30x = 9

x = 9/30 or 3/10 inches

Osing Trig to Find a Side Apr 06, 5:40:44 PM In AOPQ, the measure of ZQ=90°, the measure of Z0=26°, and QO = 4.9 feet. Find the length of PQ to the nearest tenth of a foot. P (hypotenuse) X (opp. of 20) 2009 Q 4.9​

Answers

Answer:5.4

Step-by-step explanation:

MULTIPLICACIÓN Y DIVISIÓN DE NÚMEROS ENTEROS
11. -2115 ÷ -9 =
12. 7854 ÷ -34
13. 3425 × -4 =
14. -7 × 5 × -3 =
15. 12 × -7 × 9 =

Answers

11. -235
12. -231
13. -13700
14. 105
15. -756

Daniel is baking cookies but does not have all of the he needs. The ratio of flour:sugar in his recipe is 3:2cups. If he only has 1.5cups of sugar, how much flour should he use to keep the ratio the same?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

3:2 = 2.5:1.5

half of 2 is 1 so if you had 1.5 it would only be half. For a better explanation, 1 minute is 60 seconds half of a minute is 30 seconds. if you have 45 seconds it would be 3/4 of a second. this is hard for me to explain so if you need more examples just tell me in the comments.

i hope this helps

have a nice day/night

mark brainliest please:)

18+2 =20
Because 18 is 2 numbers away from 20

Answers

Answer:

Yes, that is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

HELP ASAP!!! select all the descriptions that apply to the transformation!

Answers

Answer: A and B

Step-by-step explanation:

The shape is moving from right to left and down

What is 0.0003246 expressed in scientific notation?
A.
32.46
×
10

5
B.
3.246
×
10

4
C.
3.246
×
10
4
D.
32.46
×
10
5

Answers

Answer:

B

Step-by-step explanation:

the notation answer would also be 3.246 × 10-4 i believe :)

hey guys could yall solve this problem for me? thanks

Answers

Answer:

Given ABCD ~ EFGH

FG = BC(EF/AB)

FG = 7(9/6)

FG = 63/6

FG = 10.5

GH = CD(EF/AB)

GH = 11(9/6)

GH = 99/6

GH = 16.5

EH = AD(EF/AB)

EH = 12(9/6)

EH = 108/6

EH = 18

Which figure can be formed from the net?

Answers

Answer:

#1 is the answere

Step-by-step explanation:

Check the sides

Seats in a theater are curved from the front row to the back. The front row has 10 chairs, the second has 16 and the third has 22, and so on.


A. Write a recursive rule for this series


B. Write an explicit rule for this series


C. Using the explicit formula, find the number of chairs in row 5


D. The auditorium can hold 17 rows of chairs. Write a sigma notation for this series, and then use either series formula to calculate how many chairs can fit in the auditorium

Answers

Answer:

The first term is 10.

The second term is 16

The third term is 22.

We can see that the first term plus 6, is:

10 + 6 = 16

Then the first term plus 6 is equal to the second term.

And the second term plus 6 is:

16 + 6 = 22

Then the second term plus 6 is equal to the third term.

A) As we already found, the recursive rule is:

Aₙ = Aₙ₋₁ + 6

B) The explicit rule is:

Aₙ = A₁ + (n - 1)*6

Such that A1 is the first term, in this case A₁ = 10

Then:

Aₙ = 10 + (n - 1)*6

C)

Now we want to find A₅, then:

A₅ = 10 + (5 - 1)*6 = 34

There are 34 chairs in row 5.

D)

Here we have 17 rows, then we can have 17 terms, this means that the total number of chairs will be:

C = A₀ + A₁ + ... + A₁₆

This summation can be written as:

∑ 10 + (n - 1)*6        such that n goes from 0 to 16.

The formula  for the sum of the first N terms of a sum like this is:

S(N) = (N)*(A₁ + Aₙ)/2

Then the sum of the 17 rows gives:

S(17) = 17*(10 + (10 + (17 - 1)*6)/2 = 986 chairs.

There are total 986 chairs in the considered auditorium and there are 34 chairs in the fifth row.

The recursive rule for this series is: [tex]T_n = T_{n-1} + 6[/tex]The explicit rule for this series is: [tex]T_n = 6n + 4[/tex]

What is recursive rule?

A rule defined such that its definition includes itself.

Example: [tex]F(x) = F(x-1) + c[/tex] is one such recursive rule.

For this case, we're provided that:

Seats in rows are 10 in front, 16 in second, 22 in third, and so on.

10 , 16 , 22 , .....

16 - 10 = 6

22 - 16 = 6

...

So consecutive difference is 6

If we take [tex]T_i[/tex] as ith term of the series then:

[tex]T_2 - T_1 = 6\\T_3 - T_2 = 6\\T_4 - T_3 = 6 \\T_5 - T_4 = 6\\\cdots\\T_{n} - T_{n-1} = 6[/tex]

Thus, the recursive rule for the given series is [tex]T_{n} - T_{n-1} = 6[/tex] or [tex]T_n = T_{n-1} + 6[/tex]

From this recursive rule, we can deduce the explicit formula as:
[tex]T_n = T_{n-1} + 6\\T_n = T_{n-2} + 6 + 6\\\cdots\\T_n = T_{n-k} + k \times 6\\T_n = T_1 + 6(n-1)\\T_n = 10 + 6(n-1) \: \rm (as \: T_1 = 10)\\[/tex]

Thus, the explicit rule for this series is [tex]T_n = 10 + 6(n-1)[/tex]

For 5th row, putting n = 5 gives us:

[tex]T_n = 10 + 6(n-1) = 6n + 4\\T_5 = 6(5) + 4 = 34[/tex]

If the auditorium has 17 rows, then total chairs are:

[tex]T = T_1 + T_2 + \cdots + T_{17} = \sum_{n=1}^{17} T_n\\\\T = \sum_{n=1}^{17} (10 + 6(n-1))\\\\T = \sum_{n=1}^{17} (6n + 4)\\\\T = 6\sum_{n=1}^{17} n + \sum_{n=1}^{17}4 = 6\sum_{n=1}^{17} n + 4 \times 17\\\\T = 6\left( \dfrac{17(18)}{2}\right) + 68 = 918 + 68\\\\T = 986[/tex]

(it is because [tex]\sum_{k=1}^n k = 1 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}[/tex] )

Thus, there are total 986 chairs in the considered auditorium. There are 34 chairs in the fifth row. The recursive rule for this series is: [tex]T_n = T_{n-1} + 6[/tex] The explicit rule for this series is: [tex]T_n = 6n + 4[/tex].

Learn more about recursive rule and explicit rule here:
https://brainly.com/question/12620593

4x^2+2x-1=0 in quaratic equations

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

"quaratic" should be "quadratic."

The coefficients of this quadratic are 4, 2 and -1.  Thus, the discriminant is

b^2 - 4ac, or here, 4 - 4(4)(-1) = 20

Since the discriminant is positive, our quadratic has two real, different roots.

                                -2 ± (√4)(√5)

The roots are:  x = ---------------------

                                       2(4)

                                    -1 ± √5

This reduces to   x = ---------------

                                           8

Andrea constructed a triangle. Angle 1 and 3 are the same size and angle 2 has a measurement of 70 degrees. What is the measurement of angle 1 and 3

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

By triangle sum theorem,

Sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°.

m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 = 180°

(m∠1 + m∠3) + m∠2 = 180°

2(m∠1) + 70° = 180° {Given → m∠1 = m∠3]

2(m∠1) = 110°

m∠1 = 55°

Therefore, m∠1 = m∠3 = 55°

Solve each equation mentally​

Answers

1. x=2
2. X=100
3. X=100
4.-1

Use the box method to distribute and simplify (2 + 1)(2x - 3). Drag and drop the
terms to the correct locations of the table.

Answers

Answer:

2x^2-x-3

(2x)(-3)

(x)

(1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Distribute

(2x^2) (-3x)

(2x) (-3)

Need someones help on this!

Answers

I think the answer is B hope this helps!

5
7
9
4
In percents?

Answers

Answer:

Convert the decimal to a percentage by multiplying the decimal by  

100 .

500%

700%

900%

400%

PLEASE HELP!!! I WILL MARK!

Answers

Answer:

D. the average difference in height between each player and the mean height

Solve: 6x - 13 = 4(x + 10) + 2x

Answers

Answer:

null

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer: 0=53

Step-by-step explanation:

Can you help me for these 3 questions. ​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

1) a + a

2) 2n+4 = 6n

3)   1

4n = 4

n = 1

Pls helpppp and thank you

Answers

If the question is y = blank(x) + blank (I can’t see the left of the equation
Then the answer is y = 2x + -4

What does this equal to

|9-14|

Answers

Answer:

5

Step-by-step explanation:

An absolute value is NEVER negative.

|9 - 14| = |-5| = 5

Answer: 5

PLEASE ASAP Suppose a normal distribution has a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of
4. What is the probability that a data value is between 28 and 31? Round your
answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.
A. 21.3%
B. 19.3%
C. 20.3%
D. 22.3%

Answers

Answer:

20.3%

Step-by-step explanation:

Hope that helps :)

How many slices of pizza can I eat for it to be one serving is one serving is 1/4 of the pizza and the pizza itself equal 4 servings

Answers

You can get 16 slices.

Point B has coordinates (1,2). The x-coordinate of point Ais - 11. The distance between point A and
point B is 13 units. What are the possible coordinates of point A?

Answers

This is a famous triangle ( 5 -12 -13)
So y1= -7

PLEASE ACCTUALY HELP :<

Point A has the coordinates (-2,-4). Point A is reflected across the x-axis to create point 'A'. What are the coordinates of point "A"? Enter your answer in the space below.​

Answers

Answer:

(-2, 4)

Step-by-step explanation:

Hopes this helps!

Evaluate : ab−5c+b
for a = 12, b = 3 and c = - 4

Answers

Answer:

59

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex](12*3)-5*(-4)+3=59[/tex]

A trainee in a computer company takes 0.9 times as long to assemble each computer as
he took to assemble the preceding computer. If it took him 30 minutes to assemble the
first computer, find the total time he takes to assemble the first five computers (round to
the nearest minute)
221,430 minutes
123 minutes
122 minutes
103 minutes

Answers

The total time he takes to assemble is 123 minutes.

What is Unitary method?

The unitary method is a technique for solving a problem by first finding the value of a single unit, and then finding the necessary value by multiplying the single unit value.

for second, 30*0.9=27

for third, 27*0.9 = 24.3

Similarly for the fifth computer,

=21.87*0.9

=19.68 minutes

Total time taken,

=30+ 27 +24.3+21.87+19.68

=122.553

=123 minutes.

Learn more about unitary method here:

https://brainly.com/question/22056199

#SPJ2

3 of the 100 digital video recorders​ (DVRs) in an inventory are known to be defective. What is the probability you randomly select an item that is not​ defective?

Answers

Answer:

97/100

Step-by-step explanation:

Probability calculates the likelihood of an event occurring. The likelihood of the event occurring lies between 0 and 1. It is zero if the event does not occur and 1 if the event occurs.

For example, the probability that it would rain on Friday is between o and 1. If it rains, a value of one ids attached to the event. If it doesn't a value of zero is attached to the event.

Probability that the DVRs is not faulty = total number of faulty videos / total number of videos

total number of faulty videos = 100 - 3 = 97

total number of videos = 100

97/100

Elena prepared 8 kilograms of dough after working 2 hours. How much dough did Elena prepare if she worked for 9 hours? Assume the relationship is directly proportional.

Answers

the answer should be 7

Answer:

36 kilograms

Step-by-step explanation:

Since she made 8 kilograms of dough over the span of 2 hours, you divide 8 by 2 and get 4 then you have to multiply 9 hours by 4 kilograms of dough to get 36 kilograms of dough.

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP ASAP, BEST ANSWER GETES BRAINLIEST. NOT A SCAM AND ITS NOT CAP WHAT SO EVER

Answers

Answer:

A. 60 + x = 90

Step-by-step explanation:

Complementary angles add up to 90 degrees so

60 + x = 90

Answer:

The answer is A: 60 + x = 90

Step-by-step explanation:

Complimentary angles are two angles that add up to 90, so the equation 60 + x = 90 is what you need to use to find the complimentary angle. I hope this helps :)

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