Answer:
$3,289.5
Explanation:
The computation of the amount of recorded interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is shown below:-
Amortization of premium = Premium amount ÷ Number of semi-annual periods
where
Premium amount = Par value - issue price
= $102,105 - $100,000
= $2,105
Number of semi-annual periods = 5 × 2
= 10 periods
Amortization of premium = $2,105 ÷ 10
= 210.5
Semi-annual interest expense = Face value × Coupon rate × (6 ÷ 12)
= $100,000 × 7% × (6 ÷ 12)
= $3,500
First semi-annual interest expense = $3,500 - 210.5
= $3,289.5
The following data relate to the direct materials cost for the production of 50,000 automobile tires: Actual: 725,000 lbs. at $3.00 per lb. Standard: 730,000 lbs. at $2.95 per lb. a. Determine the direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.
Answer and Explanation:
a. The computation of the material price variance is shown below:
= Actual Quantity × (Standard Price - Actual Price)
= 725,000 × ($2.95- $3)
= 725,000 × $0.5
= $36,250 unfavorable
b. The computation of the material quantity variance is shown below:
= Standard Price × (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)
= $2.95 × (730,000 - 725,000)
= $2.95 × 5,000
= $14,750 favorable
And, the total direct material cost variance is
= Material price variance + material cost variance
= $36,250 unfavorable + 14,750 favorable
= $21,500 unfavorable
2. “An American woman executive is sent to negotiate a contract with a corporation in Saudi Arabia. She dresses conservatively in a dark business suit and completes her makeup and hair in the US fashion. She finds the Arabs to be very aloof. She is asked when her boss will be arriving and is feeling ignored.”
a. What mistakes have been made?
b. What can be done to correct such a situation?
Answer:
1. The mistakes she made include:
1. Dressing like a male when it was expected that she should dress like a female.
2. Not wearing a feminine cloth but rather a suit.
3. She wearing a makeup.
4. She fixing her hear but not covering it with hijab.
b. She could have done the following to fix it:
1. Making researches on how best to dress when in Saudi Arabia.
2. Wearing a long covering cloth.
3. Covering her hair with Hijab despite not been from their culture and country.
Explanation:
While spring cleaning, Ramon found an entire box of unreported receipts for his sole proprietor business. Ramon wants to amend his return to claim these business deductions. Which form(s) and/or schedule(s) does he need to send to the IRS to amend the return
Answer:
3. Form 1040X, Schedule C, and any other forms or schedules affected by the change in his income.
Explanation:
This question is missing the possible answers:
Form 1040X. Form 1040X and a copy of his original return. Form 1040X, Schedule C, and any other forms or schedules affected by the change in his income. Form 1040X, Schedule C, and a copy of each receipt left off the original returnThe IRS requests that any change or amendment to a tax return must include a copy of all the tax forms and/or schedules that were presented with the original filing that is being amended. If the amendment affects more than 1 filing, you must include all the forms and schedules that were filed before and are being affected by the amendment.
The problem with average-cost pricing regulation is that once it is in place, there is a tendency for the:________
a. ATC curve to shift upward.
b. MR curve to shift leftward.
c. D curve to shift leftward.
d. ATC curve to shift downward.
e. D curve to shift rightward.
Answer:
a. ATC curve to shift upward
Explanation:
Average cost pricing is a form of pricing that appears as one of the ways in which the government operates a monopoly market. The government, however, may utilize average cost pricing as a tool to oversee prices monopolists may charge.
In other words, this implies that Monopolists always incline to produce less than the optimal amount boosting the prices up.
Hence, the problem with average-cost pricing regulation is that once it is in place, there is a tendency for the: "Average Total Cost curve to shift upward." This can be a result of an increase in output and reduction price
In the _____ stage of the product life cycle, competition intensifies and profits diminish. Companies increase their promotional efforts but emphasize selective demand.
Answer: maturity
Explanation:
The product life cycle is the time used by a product from the day the product is introduced into the market till the day it's withdrawn. The four stages of the product life cycle are the introduction stage, the growth, the maturity stage and finally the decline stage.
In the maturity stage of the product life cycle, competition intensifies and profits diminish. Companies increase their promotional efforts but emphasize selective demand.
On November 1, Alan Company signed a 120-day, 8% note payable, with a face value of $9,000. What is the maturity value of the note on March 1
Answer:
$9,236.71
Explanation:
The computation of the maturity value of the note is shown below:-
Interest Amount = ($9000 × 8%) × 120 ÷ 365
= $720 × 120 ÷ 365
= $236.71
So, the Maturity Value is
= Face value + Interest amount
= $9,000 + $236.71
= $9,236.71
Therefore for computing the maturity value we simply applied the above formula.
In a(n) _____ decision, there may be several "right" answers, and there is no precise way to get a right answer. A. recurring B. ad hoc C. nonstructured D. structured
Answer:
C. nonstructured
Explanation:
-Recurring decision refers to a decision that has to be made regularly.
-Ad hoc decision refers to a decision made for a specific situation.
-Nonstructured decision is a decision that can have multiple solutions that are correct and you don't have a form to define which one is the right option.
-Structured decision is when you make a decision using a process that has been established to manage a specific situation.
According to this, the answer is that in a(n) nonstructured decision, there may be several "right" answers, and there is no precise way to get a right answer.
the price of envelopes was $3 a box, and Julie was willing to buy 10 boxes. Today, the price has gone up to $3.75 a box, and Julie is now willing to buy 8 boxes. Is Julie's demand for envelopes elastic or inelastic? What is Julie's elasticity of demand?
Answer:
Her elasticity of demand is the absolute value of -0.8, or 0.8. Julie's elasticity of demand is inelastic, since it is less than 1.
Explanation:
% Change in Quantity = (8 - 10)/(10) = -0.20 = -20%
% Change in Price = (3.75 - 3.00)/(3.00) = 0.25 = 25%
Elasticity = |(-20%)/(25%)| = |-0.8| = 0.8
2. Explain the following corporate/partnership documents and procedures for healthcare
organizations
Sole Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Limited Liability Entities
Sally Rubber Co. has an expected net operating profit after taxes, EBIT (1-T), of $1,700 million in the coming year. In addition, the firm is expected to have net capital expenditures of $255 million, and net operating working capital (NOWC) is expected to increase by $45 million. How much free cash flow (FCF) is Sally Rubber Co. expected to generate over the next year?
Answer:
$1,400 million
Explanation:
Calculation for free cash flow (FCF)
Using this formula
Free cash flow= Net income+ Non cash expenses-Net capital expenditures- Increase in Net operating working capital
Let plug in the formula
Free cash flow=$1,700 million + $0 million -$255 million -$45 million
Free cash flow =$1,400 million
Therefore the amount of free cash flow (FCF) that Sally Rubber Co. expected to generate over the next year will be $1,400 million
What is the standard deviation of a portfolio's returns if the mean return is 15%, and the variance of returns is 184
Answer:
Standard deviation =13.6
Explanation:
Standard deviation is measure of the total risks of an investment. It measures the volatility in return of an investment as a result of both systematic and non-systematic risks.
Non-systematic risk includes risk that are unique to a company like poor management, legal suit against the company .
Standard deviation is the sum of the squared deviation of the individual return from the mean return under different scenarios .
Further more, it can be calculated as the square root of the variance of the portfolio.
Standard deviation = √ variance
DATA
Variance = 184
Standard deviation = √184 = 13.6
Standard deviation =13.6
Which of the following statements is true of the new product development process? Question 8 options: 1) Commercialization is the process of inviting broad communities of people such as customers, employees, and scientists into the new product innovation process. 2) The purpose of the idea screening stage is to create a large number of ideas. 3) The concept testing stage is the stage at which the product and its proposed marketing program are introduced into realistic market settings. 4) Under the business analysis stage, if the new product satisfies the company's objectives, the product then moves to the product development stage. 5) A product concept is the way consumers perceive an actual or potential product.
Answer: 4) Under the business analysis stage, if the new product satisfies the company's objectives, the product then moves to the product development stage.
Explanation:
The Business Analysis stage of the New Product Development Process is a more in-depth analysis of the product to find out the viability of the product in the market and what it means for the firm.
Here the big questions are asked such as;
The Cost of the product to produceIf adequate profit will be generatedProjected market demandExisting competitors etcOnce these questions have been answered and other analysis made and the company is satisfied, the product can then move to the Product Development Stage.
It is true that under the business analysis stage, if a new product satisfies the company's objectives, it moves to the product development stage.
In a New Product Development Process, the Business Analysis stage entails in-depth analysis of the product to find out the viability of the product in the market and what it means for the firm.
The questions asked in the Business Analysis stage includes:
The Cost of the product to produce If adequate profit will be generated Projected market demand Existing competitorsIn conclusion, it is true that under the business analysis stage, if a new product satisfies the company's objectives, it moves to the product development stage.
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Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six, no additional output is produced. Draw the total product of labor, average product of labor, and marginal product of labor curves.
Answer:
attached is the diagram
Explanation:
Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output, is said to be the marginal production of an extra worker employed
marginal production :
change in total production / change in labor = ΔTp / ΔL
Average production = Tp / L
Tp = total production , L = number of labor
To draw the Total product of labor , average product labor and marginal product labor curves starting from zero labor
0 worker : Total product = 0, average product labor = 0 , marginal = 0
1 worker : Total product = 1, average product = 1 , marginal = 0
2 worker : Total product = 2, average product = 1, marginal = 1
3 workers: total product = 3 average product = 1, marginal = 1
4 workers: Total product = 4, average product = 1, marginal = 1
5 workers : Total product = 5 average product = 1, marginal = 1
6 workers : total product = 6 average product = 1 , marginal = 1
7 workers : total product = 7 , average product = 0.85, marginal = 0
8 workers : total product = 8, average product = 0.75 marginal = 0
Lopez Plastics Co. (LPC) issued callable bonds on January 1, 2021. LPC's accountant has projected the following amortization schedule from issuance until maturity:
Date Cash Effective Decrease in Outstanding
interest interest balance balance
1/1/2021 $207,020
6/30/2021 $7,000 $6,211 $789 206,230
12/31/2021 7,000 6,187 813 205,417
6/30/2022 7,000 6,163 837 204,580
12/31/2022 7,000 6,137 863 203,717
6/30/2023 7,000 6,112 888 202,829
12/31/2023 7,000 6,085 915 201,913
6/30/2024 7,000 6,057 943 200,971
12/31/2024 7,000 6,029 971 200,000
What is the annual stated interest rate on the bonds?
a. 3.5%
b. 6%
c. 7%
d. none of the above
Answer:
c. 7%
Explanation:
According to the given scenario, the computation of the annual stated interest rate on the bonds is shown below:-
Sated interest Rate = Cash interest ÷ Face Value of the bond × 2
= $7,000÷ $200,000 × 2
= 7%
Therefore for computing the annual stated interest rate on the bonds we simply applied the above formula. hence the correct option is c
"A customer has an existing short margin account with credits of $16,000 and a short position in ABC stock worth $10,000. The SMA in the account is $1,000. If the market value of ABC falls to $9,000, the equity is:"
Answer:
Equity= $7,000
Explanation:
A customer has an existing short margin account that contains credit of $16,000
The short position in ABC stock is worth $10,000
The SMA in the account is $1,000
Therefore, if the market value of ABC falls down to $9,000 then, the equity can be calculated as follows
Equity= $16,000-$9,000
=$7,000
Hence the equity is $7,000
The capitalized cost of $10,000 every 5 years forever, starting now at an interest rate of 10% per year, is closest to
Answer:
$15,000Explanation:
Capitalized cost = Initial cost + Interest.
Initial cost = Principal - $10,000
Interest = Principal * Rate * Time/100
Given Principal = $10,000
Rate (in %) = 10%
Time (in years) = 5 years
Interest = 10,000*10*5/100
Interest = $5000
Capitalized cost = Initial cost + Interest.
Capitalized cost = $10,000+$5,000
Capitalized cost = $15,000
Hence the capitalized cost of $10,000 every 5 years forever, starting now at an interest rate of 10% per year, is closest to $15,000
The Federal Reserve has been aggressively expanding the money supply by using repurchase agreements in its open market operations. Ignoring other factors, this is likely to result in:
Answer: decrease in interest rates and an increase in inflation
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that The Federal Reserve has been aggressively expanding the money supply by using repurchase agreements in its open market operations.
This will result in a reduction in the interest rate and since there's more money in circulation, it will bring about an increase in the prices of goods.
of a portfolio. The beta of four stocksG, H, I, and Jare , , , and , respectively. What is the beta of a portfolio with the following weights in each asset: LOADING...? What is the beta of portfolio 1?
Answer: 1.02
Explanation:
The Portfolio Beta will be the weighted average of the betas of the individual stocks in Portfolio 1.
Portfolio Beta = (weight in G * beta of G) + (weight in H * beta of H) + (weight in I * beta of I) + (weight in J * beta of J)
= (0.25 * 0.45) + ( 0.25 * 0.82) + ( 0.25 * 1.14) + ( 0.25 * 1.66)
= 0.1125 + 0.205 + 0.285 + 0.415
= 1.0175
= 1.02
What is the internal rate of return of a project costing $3,000; having after-tax cash flows of $1,500 in each of the two years of its two-year life; and a salvage value of $800at the end of the second year in addition to the $1,500 cash flow
Answer:
Internal rate of return = 16.3%
Explanation:
The IRR is the discount rate that equates the present value of cash inflows to that of cash outflows. At the IRR, the Net Present Value (NPV) of a project is equal to zero
If the IRR greater than the required rate of return , we accept the project for implementation
If the IRR is less than that the required rate , we reject the project for implementation
IRR = a% + ( NPVa/(NPVa + NPVb)× (b-a)%
Step 1 : Calculate NPVa at 10%
NPV = PV of cash inflow - Initial cost
PV of cash inflow = 1500× ( 1- 1.1^(-2))/0.1=2,603.31
PV of salvage value = 800× 1.1^(-2) =661.16
NPV = 2,603.31 + 6,661.16 - 3000= 264.46
Step 2 :Calculate NPVb at 20%
PV of cash inflow = 1500× ( 1- 1.2^(-2))/0.2=2291.67
PV of salvage value = 800× 1.2^(-2) =555.56
NPV =2291.67 + 555.56 - 3,000 = -152.78
Step 3 : Calculate IRR
IRR = 10% + (264.46/(264.46+152.78))× (20-10)%= 16.3%
Internal rate of return = 16.3%
You, a real-estate developer, own a piece of land in Nassau, Bahamas, next to an equal-size piece of land owned by a competitor. Both of you have the choice of building a casino or a hotel. Your payoffs in millions of dollars are as follows:You
Your Competitor Casino Hotel Casino 3,3 20,5Hotel 5,20 2,2How much is it worth to you to get your casino building permit first?a. $2 millionb. $3 millionc. $15 milliond. $17 million
Answer: c. $15 million
Explanation:
If you get your casino building first, your competitor will have to get the Hotel so as to make $5 million which is more than the $3 million if they were to choose a casino as well.
The Payoff for you would therefore be $20 million and for them $5 million.
The Net Payoff over your competitor would be = 20 - 5
= $15 million
2. Roth retirement funds require you to pay taxes on your investment dollars up-front, while
traditional IRAs allow you to pay taxes only when you withdraw your investment at age 59.5 or
older. What are the pros and cons of each option?
(10 points: 5 for at least one pro and 5 for at least con)
Answer:
The Pros and Cons of Roth IRA and the Traditional IRA or 401(K):
Roth IRA is not advantageous to those, who are starting to save late in their career. It favors the younger worker, who is starting out with low-paying jobs at lower-paying tax rates, who will later be earning more.
With Roth IRA, you suffer the tax burden upfront when you are active and while making your contributions, so that you can enjoy your retirement benefits tax-free. This is why the younger worker benefits more. In the prime of life with little responsibilities, you can settle the taxman so that you can be free of him later in older age. But, if you are in the high tax bracket, this category is not funny for you, anyway. The IRS has an income limit for this category, therefore, you must go for the traditional IRA.
The traditional IRA saves you the tax burden initially, but you can never be free of the IRS. It must take its share later, having allowed you to enjoy tax-free contributions. When the net is filled, the IRS cuts its percentage off.
You will never feel bad then, because your tax rate will surely be reduced in comparison with when you are making the contributions. So, it is just and right to allow the IRS, who generously helped you to grow the nest in the first place to take its just and lawful cut. It does not bleed too much then, afterall you are drying up with life's responsibilities, including reduced tax bracket, and many of your children have started answering to the IRS independently. This is the better time to deal with IRS, anyway.
Explanation:
The question has the explanation: ROTH IRAs are retirement funds that allow you to pay taxes on your investments into retirement funds as you are making the contributions, so that you are free to make your withdrawals after at least 5 years without paying additional taxes.
The traditional IRAs or the 401(K) encourage you to make your retirement contributions without paying taxes on them so that you can contribute more. Then the IRS will bounce on you to pay the taxes when you are making withdrawals having grown the investments.
IRAs mean Individual Retirement Accounts which individuals use to save and accumulate their retirement funds.
In marketing his wooden pens and pencils to specialty-shop customers. What marketing straregy Roben was using and why?
Answer:
concentrated marketing
Bi-Lo Traders is considering a project that will produce sales of $33,300 and have costs of $19,700. Taxes will be $3,500 and the depreciation expense will be $1,900. An initial cash outlay of $1,600 is required for net working capital. What is the project's operating cash flow?
Answer: $10,100
Explanation:
Based on the information that have been given in the question, the project's operating cash flow goes thus:
Sales. $33,300
Less: cost. $19,700
Less: depreciation. $1,900
Profit before tax $11,700
Less: tax. $3500
Net profit. $8200
Add: depreciation. $1900
Operating cash flow. $10,100
In your own words, assess the process of international strategy, competencies, planning, and international competitive advantage.
Explanation:
An international strategy can be understood as the set of processes and action plans that a company will implement to achieve its objectives in an external market.
An organization decides to internationalize its activities with the objective of conquering a different market that can bring different competitive and financial benefits to the company.
To be successful, the organizational strategy must comprise the set of requirements that must be followed to include itself in a different market, such as, for example, the set of policies that will guide the operation of the business.
In addition, it is necessary to plan its activities in such a way that they are in line with the fundamental requirements of the country, such as multicultural norms, values, tastes, preferences, etc.
Companies generally use internationalization as a competitive strategy, since this can be an effective means of reducing costs, due to the cheaper labor and the less bureaucratic process. A well-positioned brand also guarantees a differential that adds to the ease of an organization being successful in the process of conquering new markets.
1. In the Black-Scholes option pricing model, N(d1) is the probability that a standard normal random variable takes on a value exceeding d1.
A. True
B. False
2. In the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, if volatility increases, the value of a call option will increase but the value of the put option will decrease.
A. True
B. False
Harris Co. takes a full year's depreciation expense in the year of an asset's acquisition and no depreciation expense in the year of disposition. Data relating to one of Harris's depreciable assets at December 31, 2015 are as follows: Acquisition year 2013 Cost $210,000 Residual value 30,000 Accumulated depreciation 144,000 Estimated useful life 5 years Using the same depreciation method as used in 2013, 2014, and 2015, how much depreciation expense should Harris record in 2016 for this asset? a. $24,000b. $36,000c. $42,000d. $48,000
Answer:
A.24,000
Explanation:
Depreciation expense for the year 2016 can be calculated as follows
DATA
Acquisition year = 2013
Cost = $210,000
Residual value = 30,000
Accumulated depreciation = 144,000
Estimated useful life = 5 years
Remaining useful life = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
Solution
Year Cost Remaining life Depreciation fraction Depreciation exp
1 180,000 5 5/15 $60,000
2 180,000 4 4/15 $48,000
3 180,000 3 3/15 $36,000
4 180,000 2 2/15 $24,000
5 180,0000 1 1/15 $12,000
Harris Co. should record $24,000 in 2016 for this asset
Suppose that you have an old car that is a real gas guzzler. It is 10 years old and could be sold to a local dealer for $ cash. The annual maintenance costs will average $ per year into the foreseeable future, and the car averages only miles per gallon. Gasoline costs $ per gallon, and you drive miles per year. You now have an opportunity to replace the old car with a better one that costs $. If you buy it, you will pay cash. Because of a 2-year warranty, the maintenance costs are expected to be negligible. This car averages miles per gallon. Should you keep the old car or replace it? Utilize a 2-year comparison period and assume that the new car can be sold for $ at the end of year 2. Assume that the salvage value of the old car at the end of year 2 will be $0. Ignore the effect of income taxes and let your MARR be %.
Answer:
you should replace the old car with a newer and more efficient one
Explanation:
all the numbers are missing, so I looked them up:
current sale value of old car $400
maintenance costs per year $800
gasoline expense per year = $3.50 x 1/10 x 15,000 = $5,250
resale value in 2 years = $0
cost of replacing old car = $8,000
maintenance costs per year $0
gasoline expense per year = $3.50 x 1/30 x 15,000 = $1,750
resale value in 2 years = $5,000
MARR = 15%
if you keep the old car, your net cash flows will be:
Year 1 = -$6,050
Year 2 = -$6,050
if you change your car, your net cash flows will be:
Year 0 = -$8,000 + $400 = -$7,600
Year 1 = -$1,750
Year 2 = $3,250
keeping the old car results in a NPV = -$6,050/1.15 - $6,050/1.15² = -$5,260.87 - $4,574.67 = -$9,835.54
changing for a new car results in a NPV = -$7,600 -$1,750/1.15 + $3,250/1.15² = -$7,600 -$1,521.74 + $2,457.47 = -$6,664.27
since both options result in negative cash flows, we must select the option that results in a smaller loss
Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available. These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to five times, after which they are to be discarded. Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, so competitors could enter the market within a year. Which of the following is the best description of the product life cycle of this product?
A. Long, level beginning, and rapid ascent.B. High initial sales followed by slow decline.C. High introductory sales followed by rapid decline.D. Rapid growth followed by rapid decline.E. Moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling off.
Answer:
adshgddfxxxxxxsdccxasss
Explanation:
a
Long, level beginning, and rapid ascent is the best description of the product life cycle of this product. Thus, option (a) is correct.
What is product?
The thing being sold is called a “product.” A product and service market foundation. Items are divided into two categories: industrial products and consumer products. The product is to fulfill the needs of the consumer. There was the based on the commonly are the rules in the government to follow the product management.
Product life-cycle administration is the succession of tactics implemented by company management as a product progresses through its life-cycle. The circumstances under which a product is marketed evolve over time and must be handled as it progresses through its stages. Many products are still in a mature condition.
As a result, the long, level beginning, and rapid ascent is the best description of the product life cycle of this product.
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Erosion costs. Fat Tire Bicycle Company currently sells bicycles per year. The current bike is a standard balloon-tire bike selling for $, with a production and shipping cost of $. The company is thinking of introducing an off-road bike with a projected selling price of $ and a production and shipping cost of $. The projected annual sales for the off-road bike are . The company will lose sales in fat-tire bikes of units per year if it introduces the new bike, however. What is the erosion cost from the new bike? Should Fat Tire start producing the off-road bike? What is the erosion cost from the new bike?
Answer:
A. $1,725,000
B. Yes
Explanation:
Calculation for the erosion cost from the new bike
First step to find the erosion cost
Using this formula
Erosion cost =(Sales-Production and shipping cost )*Loss of sales units per year
Let plug in the formula
Erosion cost=(100-40)*7,500
Erosion cost=60*7,500
Erosion cost= $450,000
Second step is to calculate for the Net annual Cash flow using this formula
Net annual cash flow= (Projected selling price-Production and shipping cost)*Projected annual sales-Erosion cost
Let plug in the formula
Net annual cash flow= (370-225)*15,000 - 450,000
Net annual cash flow =145*15,000-450,000
Net annual cash flow =2,175,000-450,000
Net annual cash flow=$1,725,000
B.Yes Fat Tire start producing the off-road bike
Because the net annual cash flow is positive
Haruto Kawa, a Japanese citizen who works for Shin-Ro Corp. in Japan, has been asked to head the company's sales office in the United States. Upon taking the assignment, Haruto will be a(n) _____ manager.
Answer:
The correct answer will be "Expatriate".
Explanation:
An expatriate seems to be a migrant worker through his or her occupation, a specialist, or maybe even a skilled worker. Expatriate managers could've been characterized because of those who aren’t residents including its country during which individuals work, and were employed because of everyone's specialized operational skills but rather because of about there willingness to employ organization knowledge.