Benzaldehyde substrates using the transient directing group strategy. Without installing any auxiliary directing group, Pd(II)-catalyzed C–H arylation, chlorination, bromination, and Ir(III)-catalyzed amidation, could be achieved on benzaldehyde substrates.
The only Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalizations favored by ephemeral directing groups continue to be C-H arylation. Here, we present a broad range of ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalizations of benzaldehyde substrates that were achieved by employing a transient directing group technique. Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylation, chlorination, bromination, and Ir(III)-catalyzed amidation could all be accomplished on benzaldehyde substrates without the use of an auxiliary directing group. The potential for metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzaldehydes is greatly increased by the temporary directing groups produced in situ by imine linkage that can override other coordinating functional groups that can direct C-H activation or catalyst poisoning. Numerous uses of this strategy, such as the late-stage diversification of a pharmacological counterpart, show its usefulness. A benzene ring with a formyl substituent makes up the chemical molecule known as benzoaldehyde (C6H5CHO). The simplest aromatic aldehyde is this one.
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when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, the focus on a specific real world problem can be a problem.
The configuration and contents of laboratories are determined by the diverse needs of the specialists that work inside. A laboratory might have a particle accelerator or a vacuum chamber, whereas a metallurgy lab might have tools for casting, refining, or evaluating the strength of metals. A psychologist would utilise a room with one-way mirrors and covert cameras to examine behaviour in their lab, whereas a biologist or chemist might employ a wet laboratory. In laboratories, such as those where computer scientists typically operate, computers (and occasionally supercomputers) are sometimes utilised for either simulations or data processing. Scientists in other professions will continue to use a variety of labs. In laboratories, engineers build, assemble, and test technical objects.
The complete question is:
when applied research is conducted in settings outside the laboratory, which of the following can be a problem?
a. examines the basic laws of human behavior
b. is just as likely to occur in the laboratory as in the field
c. focuses on a specific real world problem
d. has no connection with theory
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match each process of the nitrogen cycle with the form of nitrogen that is produced. labels may be used more than once.
Matching each process of the nitrogen cycle with the form of nitrogen that is produced is combustion: NO2; decomposition: NH4+; nitrogen fixation: NH4+; denitrification: N2; and nitrification: NO3-.
The nitrogen cycle refers to the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it moves among terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine ecosystems. It is a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen circulates through both living and non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals, and bacteria. In order to move through the different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. The nitrogen converts into NO2 through stationary combustion and into NH4+ through decomposition. Fixation converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms that plants produce i.e., NH4+. Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, producing N2. Nitrification is the process that converts ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate producing NO3-.
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1 moles of a monoatomic gas increases its volume from 1 to 3 while the pressure also increases from 250 to 1000
1 moles of a monoatomic gas increases its volume from 1 to 3 while the pressure also increases from 250 to 1000. So, the temperature of the gas increased from 30.1 K to 120.3 K.
If the temperature and the number of moles of the gas remain constant, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional to each other. This relationship is described by the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas. In this case, you have given that the number of moles of the gas (n) is 1 mole, the temperature (T) is constant, and the pressure (P) and volume (V) both change. We can use the ideal gas law to solve for the final temperature of the gas.
First, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for T:
T = (PV)/(nR)
We can then use the initial and final values of P and V to calculate the initial and final temperatures of the gas.
Initial temperature: T1 = (250 * 1)/(1 * 8.31) = 30.1 K
Final temperature: T2 = (1000 * 3)/(1 * 8.31) = 120.3 K
Therefore, the temperature of the monoatomic gas increased from 30.1 K to 120.3 K as the volume increased from 1 to 3 while the pressure increased from 250 to 1000.
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Question- 1 moles of a monoatomic gas increases its volume from 1 to 3 while the pressure also increases from 250 to 1000. What is the change in temperature of gas is?
Why the sulphides precipitate of group IIA should be washed with distilled water and then centrifuged before addition of dilution solution of HNO3?
Because of the fact that certain ions and impurities are adsorbed on the precipitate's surface. Precipitate is washed with tap water in order to eliminate these contaminants since water will wash away any pollutants that are still soluble in it.
Why are ions formed?Ions are electrically charged particles that may be produced by either taking electrons away from neutrality atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atom to form negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the creation of an ion.
Are ions a form of energy?Negative ions are believed to trigger biochemical processes that enhance serotonin levels once they enter our blood, which helps to reduce depression, reduce stress, and improve energy.
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Which of the following is an observation of a chemical property?
Ozinc reacts with hydrochloric acid
density of wood is 0.51 g/cm³
water boils at 100°C.
sand paper is roughly textured
The right answer to the previous question and the correct observation of a chemical property is that zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.
ZnCl2 +H2 = Zn +2HCL
Balanced equation:
ZnCl2 + H2 Zn + 2HCL
Zinc is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Zn and the atomic number 30. When the oxidation is removed, zinc turns shiny-greyish and at room temperature turns into a somewhat brittle metal.
All living things, including people, animals, plants, and microorganisms, depend on the trace metal zinc. It is the trace metal that is present in people in the second-highest concentration after iron. Zinc is an essential nutrient for development and a key cofactor for various enzymes. A lack of zinc can lead to a variety of diseases. Deficiency can lead to diarrhoea, infection susceptibility, and slower growth.
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Briefly describe each layer of Earth.
The layers of the earth include the following;troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It's explanation will be discussed below.
What are the layers of the earth?The layers of the earth are grouped into five major layers that includes the following:
Troposphere: This is the layer of the earth that is closest to the earth's surface. It is characterized by having 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and remainder of trace gases (carbon dioxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, argon).
Stratosphere: This layers is located immediately above the troposphere. This layer is where ozone formation occurs and it's suitable for flying jets. It can be said that the stratosphere helps to protect us against ultraviolet rays of the sunlight.
Mesosphere: This is the layer found immediately above the stratosphere. This layer is characterized by having internal atmospheric gravity waves.
Thermosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the Mesosphere. It has the ability to absorb the sun's radiation.
Exosphere: This is the layer that is found immediately above the thermosphere. There is accumulation of the lightest gases such as hydrogen and helium in this layer.
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What is the mass of the oxygen used during the reaction? Iron (19.43) and iron oxide (20.91).
The mass of the oxygen used during the reaction is 8.16 g
What is oxygen ?The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen. It belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds.
The reaction is as follows ,
4Fe + 3 ⇒ 2
The molar ratio of the reaction
= 4:3
The four moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen molecule to produced Iron Oxide .
The mole of iron = mass ÷ molar mass
= 19.43 g ÷ 55.845 g/mole
= 0.34 mole
If four moles of Fe react with 3 moles of oxygen molecule to produced Iron Oxide .
The number of moles of oxygen
= 3 moles × 0.34 mole ÷ 4 moles
= 0.22 mole
The mass
= 0.22 × 32
= 8.16 g
Thus, The mass of the oxygen used during the reaction is 8.16 g
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Oil and methane hydrates are both physical ocean resources found beneath the seafloor. List two other similarities between oil and methane hydrates.
Crude oil is a mixture of nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and volatile hydrocarbons. Methane hydrate is a particular kind of clathrate made up of water and low molecular weight gases like methane.
Fossil deposits under the seafloor are what make up oil. It is an organic chemical that was created by the deposition of organisms on the seafloor. Additionally, methane hydrates are created after marine creatures deposit. Under the ocean's surface, one can find both oil and methane hydrates.
Similarities between both the Oil and methane hydrates are :
They both came from the ocean floor.They come from fossil fuels.They are created by decaying aquatic life.They are an energy source that is not renewable.They were mostly made of hydrogen and carbon.Both contribute to climate danger.Under high pressure and low temperature, they solidified.To learn more about Oil and methane hydrates refer here
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which of the following is not a network solid? selected answer: correctc. co2(s) correct answer: correctc. co2(s)
We were aware that SiO2 is a network covalent solid and that CO2 is a molecular solid, but I'm not sure how I would go about determining that.
Each silicon and carbon have the same number of valence electrons, and they both contain two oxygen atoms. Because solid sulfur dioxide is a molecule and has covalent bonds, it is not a network solid even if it is a solid and has covalent bonds. An example of a network solid is diamond. One of the many forms of elemental carbon found in nature, diamond is an allotrope of carbon. On an atomic level, it resembles this. The carbon atoms are linked together by the lines.
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state amagats law of combining volume, giving both mathematical and graphical representation
According to the amagats law , the total pressure that is occupied by a gas is a sum of its partial volumes.
What is the volume of a gas?
We know that the volume of a gas has to do with the space that is being occupied by the gas. This is actually the physical space that has been taken up by the gas.
We know that a gas takes up the entire volume of the container. The volume of the container that is taken up by each of the gasses that can be found in a given mixture of gases is not the same.
As such we can be able to speak of the partial volume of a gas which is the space that the gas is able to take up in a mixture of gasses. This is the fraction of the volume of the container that has been occupied by the particular gas that is in question.
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Is this ammonia a polar or non polar molecule
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. What is the boiling point for water on the Kelvin scale? K = °C + 273 and °C = K - 273
Answer:
the answer is 373
Explanation:
K=°C + 273
K=100+273=373
The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that involves active muscles and the liver. fatty acids glucose → glucose glycolysis → ATP gluconeo- genesis ATP CO2 + H2O lactate lactate LIVER MUSCLE Complete the sentences about the Cori cycle. Muscles break down into , which undergoes glycolysis. The end product of glycolysis in active muscles is , which is transported in the blood. The liver uses energy from to drive The produced in the liver is transported to the muscle in the bloodstream. Answer Banklactate pyruvate fatty acid oxidation glycolysis glycogen gluconeogenesis glucose
The process of moving lactate from cells that are engaged in anaerobic metabolism to the liver, where it is used to deliver glucose back to the cells, is known as the Cori cycle.
It serves as an illustration of one of the vital functions of the liver in ensuring that the body has an adequate supply of glucose. Gluconeogenesis has examples like the Cori cycle. It is true that the Cori cycle uses the liver's gluconeogenesis to change the lactate that muscles create into glucose. To be utilized by other cells throughout the body, this freshly created glucose is discharged into the blood. The Cori cycle, which transforms lactic acid into Glycogen, which can be used as a source of energy, prevents the excessive accumulation of lactic acid.
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an object with unknown density is tested in two beakers. beaker 1 contains liquid with a density of 1.5 g/ml, and beaker 2 contains liquid with a density of 2.0 g/ml. the object sinks in both beakers. which of the following statements about the object's density is true?
A 1.5 g/ml of liquid is present in beaker 1 and 2.0 g/ml of liquid is present in beaker 2. In both beakers, the item sinks. The item has a density of more than 2.0 g/cm³.
a material substance's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. D is density, M is mass, and V is volume, therefore the formula for density is d = M/V. In terms of grammes per cubic centimetre, density is frequently expressed. As an illustration, the density of water is 1 g/cc, whereas the density of the Earth is 5.51 g/cc. As kilos per cubic metre, density can also be calculated (in metre-kilogram-second or SI units). As an illustration, the air has a density of 1.2 kilogrammes per cubic metre. Textbooks and manuals contain lists of the densities of common solids, liquids, and gases. It is simple to determine a body's mass from its volume, or vice versa, using its density.
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Copper is a metal that can behave like a magnet because
A. It has many magnetic domains oriented randomly
B. It has a very large magnetic domain pointing in a given direction
C. It is a conductor and can support electric current.
D. It has two large magnetic domains that always cancel each other out.
Copper is a metal that can behave like a magnet because It is a conductor and can support electric current.
What is a definition of metal?
Strong electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and high light reflection are all characteristics of metals, which are one type of materials.
Copper is not magnetic in and of itself. However, when a magnet comes close to copper (and some other metals), the magnetic field causes the copper's surface electrons to reorganize and start revolving. They generate resistance by rotating in a circular motion perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Copper has the highest conductivity among non-precious metals, which means it can carry more electrical current than other non-precious metals.
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What is the concentration in ppb of sulfur atoms if 120.0g of water is mixed with 0.00005g of sulfur
Answer:
the ppb ratio of sulfur atoms is 1/250.
Explanation: i do math for livin cuh
a molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of . group of answer choices the law of conservation of mass the law of constant composition the law of conservation of energy none of the above the law of multiple proportions
A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. this is a statement of the law of constant composition. Option B.
A water molecule is composed of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms bonded in a 2:1 ratio. Due to their fixed mass ratios, water molecules obey the law of constant proportions. Another example of a compound that obeys the law of constant ratios is methane.
To illustrate this, consider the production of water from molecular oxygen and hydrogen. Therefore mass is conserved. Conservation of mass can be used in chemical calculations. The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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a concept map for four types of intermolecular forces and a certain type of bond is shown. an ellipse is shown. inside the ellipse is written are ions present. an arrow from the right side of the ellipse has yes written on it and points to another ellipse. this ellipse has are polar molecules present written inside it. this ellipse has two arrows coming out of it. one arrow has yes written on it and leads to a rectangular box that has d written inside it. the second arrow has no written on it and leads to a rectangular box that has e written inside it. an arrow from the left of the topmost ellipse has no written on it and leads to an ellipse that has are molecules with permanent dipoles present written on it. an arrow that has no written on it, points from this ellipse towards a rectangle that has a written inside it. an arrow that has yes written on it, points from this ellipse towards another ellipse that has is h atom bonded to f, o, or n atom written on it. this ellipse also has two arrows coming from it. the arrow with yes written on it leads to a rectangle that has c written on it and the arrow that has no written on it leads to a rectangle that has b written inside it. which of the following correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by a and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by b? a represents london dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by b. a represents hydrogen bonding, which is weaker than the force represented by b. a represents london dispersion forces, which are stronger than the force represented by b. a represents hydrogen bonding, which is stronger than the force represented by b.
The letter A represents the dispersion forces as a kind of intermolecular force. Option A
What is a concept map?We know that a concept map can be regarded as the framework that is used to be able to organize facts and then be able to pass across an information. Thus a concept map is a tool that helps in the explanation of facts.
Given that we can see from the concept map that the compound is not composed of ions and there are no permanent dipoles that can be seen in the molecule, the simple meaning is that there is no kind of intermolecular interaction that involves the attraction of the oppositely charged ions in the compound and this would correspond to the dispersion forces.
In this kind of dipole attraction, it is the intermittent shifts in the electron cloud that leads to the attraction.
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curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction nah
The arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. follow the arrows to predict the intermediate and product of reaction , the product is :
CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
||
O
The reaction is in between the 2 methoxypropan-2-ol and the hydroxide ion. the OH⁻ ion is the strong nucleophile and contain the negative charged. the hydroxyl group acts as a proton of the compound is acidic because of the electronegativity difference. the hydroxyl ion takes protons and form the water.
The reaction is given as follows :
OH
|
CH₃ - C - OCH₃ + OH⁻ ----> CH₃ - C -CH₃ + H₂O + ⁻OCH₃
| ||
CH₃ O
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How many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid?
Answer: To determine how many grams of calcium chloride will be produced when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:
CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
From the equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, one mole of calcium chloride is produced. We can use the molar masses of each compound to convert the number of grams of each reactant to moles, and then use the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of calcium chloride produced.
The molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100.09 g/mol, so 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is equal to 0.269 moles. The molar mass of hydrochloric acid is 36.46 g/mol, so 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid is equal to 0.302 moles.
From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every mole of calcium carbonate that reacts, two moles of hydrochloric acid are needed. This means that we have an excess of hydrochloric acid, and the limiting reactant in this reaction is calcium carbonate. Therefore, the number of moles of calcium chloride produced will be equal to the number of moles of calcium carbonate consumed, which is 0.269 moles.
To determine the mass of calcium chloride produced, we can multiply the number of moles of calcium chloride by its molar mass. The molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 g/mol, so the mass of calcium chloride produced is 0.269 moles * 110.98 g/mol = 29.8 g.
Therefore, when 27.0 g of calcium carbonate is combined with 11.0 g of hydrochloric acid, 29.8 g of calcium chloride will be produced.
Define the following: Renwable energy and non-Renwable energy.
A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply.
What exactly is renewable energy?Energy obtained from natural resources that are renewed more quickly than they are used up is referred to as renewable energy. Such sources that are constantly replenished include the sun and the wind, for instance. Non-renewable energy comes from energy sources that will ultimately exhaust themselves or cannot be regenerated, not even after countless ages. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal, are the non-renewable energy sources that are most often used.A resource can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable based on whether it can replace itself at the rate it is used up or whether it has a finite supply. Timber, wind, and solar power are examples of renewable resources, whereas coal and natural gas are examples of non-renewable resources.To learn more about Renewable energy refer to:
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the electron-domain geometry of is tetrahedral. group of answer choices ph3 ccl2br2 cbr4 xef4 all of the above except xef4
The right response is option D. All of the above mentioned except xef4 make up the tetrahedral electron-domain shape. The way the electrons are arranged in three dimensional atoms.
Around the primary atom is known as the electron domain geometry. within a molecule. The quantity of electron pairs around the centre atom can be used to calculate the shape of the electron domain. The electron (e or ) is a subatomic particle with an initial electric charge that is negatively one. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles. A nucleus and one or more electrons attached to the nucleus make up every atom.
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The complete question is -
the electron-domain geometry of __________ is tetrahedral.
a. cbr4
b. ph3
c. ccl2br2
d. xef4
e. all of the above except xef4
the number of electrons in a neutral atom of an element is always equal to the of the element.
The number of electrons on a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons in the atom's nucleus, hence the answer is protons. This is referred to as the Z atomic number.
Atoms are neutral, hence there are exactly as many protons as electrons in each atom. All hydrogen atoms contain one electron, which is located outside the nucleus.
The number of protons and electrons in an atom's stable state is always equal to the atomic number. for a steady atom
Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. The number of electrons and protons in a neutral atom are always equal. The quantity of protons is constant.
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at a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction is : h2(g) cl2(g)use this information to complete the following table.
At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 263.16 or 2.6*10^2 and 5.5 * 10^-8.
1. K = ( HCl )^2 / (H2)*(Cl2)
As the value of K is very less so HCl is very less amount and H2 & Cl2.
2. 2HCl = H2 + Cl2 as the reaction is reverse so equilibrium value will be inverse.
K' = 1/K
= 1/ 0.0038
= 263.16 or 2.6*10^2
3. 3H2 + 3 Cl2 = 6 HCl
Reaction is multiplied by 3 so K will be Cube
K' = K^3
= (0.0038)^3
= 5.5 * 10^-8
Equilibrium, in physics, the state of a system when neither its state of motion nor its internal energy state tend to change over time. A simple mechanical body is in equilibrium when it experiences neither linear nor angular acceleration. This state will continue indefinitely unless disturbed by an external force.
Equilibrium occurs for a single particle when the vector sum of all forces acting on the particle is zero. A rigid body (which by definition differs from a particle by its properties of extension), in addition to the states listed above for particles, is in equilibrium when the vector sum of all torques acting on the body is equal to zero, so Its state of rotational motion remains constant.
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which of the following gases would have a similar rate of effusion to co at 350 k? group of answer choices he n2 h2 co2 no2
The gas which will have a similar rate of effusion with CO at 350k is N2.
The rate of effusion is directly proportional to the molar mass of the gas.
The molar mass of CO is :
Mass of Carbon + Mass of oxygen
12 + 16 = 28g
Similarly finding the molar mass of N2 :
2 * Mass of Nitrogen
2 * 14 = 28g
Since the mass of both the gases are same, they'll have a similar rate of effusion.
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Design a synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons or fewer alcohols containing 4 carbons or fewer
The enolates are the anions from the ketones. synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons is :
butan - 1 - ol ------> 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
The enolates ions will acts as a nucleophile in the SN² reaction . The alkyl group will replace the alpha hydrogen and then the carbon carbon new bond is formed . synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons is given as :
CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - OH + PCC --- > CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - C - H
||
O
+ NaOH ----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH = C - C - H
| ||
C₂H₅ O
+ H₂CrO₄ -----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH = C - C - OH
| ||
C₂H₅ O
2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
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a valid lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule. group of answer choices nf3 so42- pf3 sbf3 if3
A valid lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule is IF₃.
According to the octet rule the atoms will be more stable if the valence electrons in the valence are eight electrons.
a) NF₃ = in the lewis structure of NF₃ the atom will contains the eight valence electrons in the valence shell. thus it follows the octet rule.
b) SO₄²⁻ = SO₄²⁻ , lewis structure follows the octet rule . atoms contains the eight valence electrons.
c) PF₃ = phosphorus valence electrons is 5 and the fluorine valence electron is 7 and fulfil the octet rule.
d) IF₃ = in the lewis structure IF₃ , it does not follows the octet rule . it contains the more than eight electrons .
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What are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid and ammonia?
The correct answer to the given question about Spectator ions in Hydrochloric acid and ammonia reaction is option E) Cl- Only.
The term "spectator ion" refers to an ion that can be found in a chemical equation both as a reactant and a product. In the reaction of aqueous solutions, a spectator ion can therefore be seen. Aqueous hydrogen chloride solutions are what we refer to as hydrochloric acid or muriatic acid. It has an unmistakable unpleasant fragrance and is colorless. Strong acid is how one would describe it. Most animal species, including humans, have it as a part of their gastric acid in their digestive tracts. A naturally occurring substance with the formula NH3, ammonia is a combination of nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia, a stable binary hydride and the most basic pnictogen hydride, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.
Question
What are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid and ammonia?
A) H+ and NH3
B) H+, Cl-, NH3 and NH4+
C) Cl- and [tex]NH_{4}^{+}[/tex]
D) H+, Cl- and NH4+
E) Cl- Only
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suppose of ammonium sulfate is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of sodium chromate. calculate the final molarity of ammonium cation in the solution. you can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the ammonium sulfate is dissolved in it. round your answer to significant digits.
The final molarity of the ammonium cation in the solution is 0.066M.
Firstly, we need to calculate the number of moles of ammonium sulfate:
No of moles = mass(g)/molar mass
No of moles = 2.57/132.14
No of moles = 0.0195 mol
When ammonium sulfate dissolves in sodium chromate, the following reaction will take place:
(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Na₂CrO₄ ------> (NH₄)₂CrO₄ + Na₂SO₄
No of Moles of sodium chromate = molarity x volume
= 66 x 0.200
No of moles of Sodium Chromate = 0.0132 mol
According to the reaction, 1 mol of sodium chromate produces 1 mol of ammonium chromate.
In this reaction, the sodium chromate amount is less than ammonium sulfate.
It can be concluded that Sodium chromate is a limiting reagent.
Therefore 0.0134 mol of ammonium cation is present in the resulting solution.
Molarity of ammonium cation = 0.0134 mol / 0.2 L
Molarity = 0.066 M
Therefore, 0.066M is the Molarity of the ammonium cation.
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Which of the following equations represents a reaction for which the standard entropy change is positive?
a) 3 O₂(g) --> 2 O₃(g)
b) 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) --> 2 H₂O(l)
c) CaCO₃(s) --> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
d) I₂(g) + 2 K(s) --> 2KI(s)
The correct response is A) The change in gaseous moles n g must be largest, indicating the formation of more gaseous products, which enhances unpredictability and, hence, entropy positive.
Entropy increases as a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid to a gas, and by observing the phases of the reactants and products, you can determine if an entropy change is positive or negative. Entropy will rise once the number of gas moles increases. The environment's negative entropy change is significantly outweighed by the system's positive entropy change. We can see that the system's entropy change is positive.
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