A mutation is identified in a tumor sequencing study. Which of the following pieces of evidence would most strongly suggest that the mutation is a passenger mutation?
a. The same gene is mutated in many other individuals with the same kind of cancer.
b. The mutation impacts the function of a known tumor suppressor gene.
c. The mutation is a silent point mutation in a protein-coding sequence.
d. The gene carrying the mutation is known to participate in the cell cycle.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The mutation is a silent point mutation in a protein-coding sequence.

Explanation:

A mutation is a change or alteration in DNI sequences that introduce new variants. Many of these are eliminated, but some of them might succeed and be incorporated into each individual. Mutations can be damaging or beneficial.

There are two types of mutations in cancerous cells:

· Driver mutations, which refer to genetic changes that provide malign cells an adaptative advantage. These mutations drive the cells to tumoral evolution.

· Passenger mutations, also known as neutral mutations, refer to those that do not provide any advantage nor disadvantage to the cancerous cell. These mutations can be between DNI segments where the driver mutations are. Some of these passenger mutations might become driver mutations with time.    


Related Questions

Using sophisticated molecular cloning techniques, you have isolated the genes for two serotonin transporters, called TransA and TransB, which are expressed in these neuronal cells. A preliminary immunofluores- cence localization of fixed and permeabilized cells found very bright staining of TransA at the nerve cell plasma membrane and little staining elsewhere. TransB, in contrast, stained only very faintly at the nerve cell plasma membrane, but there was intense staining within the cytosol.

Required:
In which subcellular membrane or organelle would you expect most of the TransB to be found? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Vesicles  

Explanation:

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that transports signals or messages between neurons.

Most neuronal cells have vesicles in their interior, which are organelles that store neurotransmitters for exportation -by exocytosis- or from recycling -by endocytosis-. These vesicles also protect the neurotransmitter from the enzymatic action.

Vesicles form in the cellular soma, from where they are transported to nervous terminals. Once the vesicle releases the neurotransmitter to the intercellular space, their membrane remains available in the plasmatic membrane to be reused.

The neurotransmitter concentration in the vesicle interior is related to the storage system and the transport system. There are specialized transporter proteins in the vesicle membrane that are involved with the introduction of the molecule to the organelle.

In the exposed example, transporter Trans B might be located in the vesicle membranes, and hence could be found in the cytosol of the cells.

Upon completion of seeding a flower and a vegetable, research and identify the optimum propagation conditions, such as, water and light demand, appropriate temperature, and, other elements that may affect the germination from seeding. Compare your research findings with your existing conditions. If any discrepancies found, address how you would like to mitigate. Describe the entire process in your weekly lab report journal. Add photos, sketches or other supplementary information, if necessary.

Answers

Answer:

Needs optimum environmental conditions.

Explanation:

Seedling, a flower and a vegetable needs suitable conditions for growth and development. All of the three stages of plant life cycle requires optimum water, fertilizers and light intensity in order to grow and develop at full speed. Seeds need a specific temperature in order to germinate. Most seeds germinate when the soil temperature is between 68 and 86 Fahrenheit. In the same way the plant also needs specific temperature for bearing flowers. All the stages requires optimum water in the soil for absorption.

The scientists mapping the SNPs in the human genome noticed that groups of SNPs tended to be inherited together, in blocks known as haplotypes, ranging in length from 5,000 to 200,000 base pairs. There are as few as four or five commonly occurring combinations of SNPs per haplotype. Integrating what you've learned throughout this chapter and this unit, propose an explanation for this observation.

Answers

Answer:

SNPs have shown that only 0.1 % of DNA sequences are different in the human genome between different individuals, thereby all the inherited phenotypic variation observed in our species is associated with only 0.1 % of differences at the genome level  

Explanation:

Haplotypes are block-like sequences of DNA that are inherited together due to low recombination rates. Moreover, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping is a very useful methodology used to map the site of SNP mutations (i.e., SNP variants). In this regard, it has been observed that there are approximately 10 million common SNPs in the human genome. These SNPs contribute to the wide range of phenotypic variation observed in human populations for different traits (e.g., eye color, hair, weight, height, etc). Moreover, researchers have determined that SNPs can be clustered into haplotypes, thereby haplotypes can be accurately sampled by as few as approx. 300,000 selected SNPs, which are sufficient to represent all of the genetic variation across different human genomes.

1. A biologist studying interactions between an
animal species and its environment is studying
biology at which level?
b. biosphere
c. organism
d. ecosystem
a. cell

Answers

Answer:

ecosystem

Explanation:

That is the definition of ecology.

answer: d. ecosystem

P is an autosomal dominant allele that produces a pigment, p is a recessive allele that produces no pigment. A pigmented and a non-pigmented organism mate and produce a pigmented offspring. They then mate and produce a non-pigmented offspring. What is the probability the next offspring will be pigmented

Answers

Answer:3/4

Explanation:4 possibilities, 3 dominant

If a pigmented and non-pigmented organism mate and produce a pigmented organism, which mate again and produce non-pigmented organisms, the probability that the next offspring will be pigmented is ¾ as P is the dominant, pigment-producing allele.

What are dominant alleles?

The association between two genetic variants is referred to as dominant. Each gene has two alleles that an individual inherits from each parent. One allele of a gene, known as the dominant gene, will be expressed if the alleles are different. The impact of the additional allele, known as the recessive one, is concealed.

If one is in charge, the other must be recessive. Then it is referred to as recessive. A dominant gene, or dominant form of a gene, is a specific variant of a gene that expresses itself more powerfully on its own than any other version of the gene that the individual is carrying—in this example, the recessive—for a variety of reasons.

Now, it mainly refers to patterns of inheritance typically used in combination with a Punnett square, where if a person has two copies of a gene and one is shown to frequently be passed down from one generation to another, it is referred to as dominant.

According to biochemistry, what is happening in this situation is that the genetic variant may, for a variety of reasons, cause a cell to perform a very advantageous or very disadvantageous function that the other version of the gene cannot cover up or counteract.

Therefore, the probability that the next offspring will be pigmented is ¾ as P is the dominant, pigment-producing allele.

Read more about dominant alleles, here

https://brainly.com/question/2717245

#SPJ2

que contiene el condón?

Answers

Answer:

plss translate it in English so i Can easyly answer it.

Explanation:

Thank you.

what can happen during the cycle of photosynthesis with increasing concentrations of Atrazine?

Answers

Answer:

By inhibiting photosynthesis, Atrazine kills plants. Photosynthesis, which is unique to living green plants, occurs when light energy becomes the chemical energy required for food production.

Simply stated, plants eventually die of hunger when food production stops. Atrazine selectively kills unwanted plants (weeds) competing with suitable plants for water and nutrients (crops, turfgrass). It is thus a beneficial tool for both farming and urban plants.

Explanation:

In Texas maize and grain sorghum production, Atrazine is the most often used herbicide. In several "weed and feed" preparations for domestic plowing and commercial turf-grass weed control, it is also often found as an active ingredient.

With its broad use, atrazine has been identified in minute concentrations in Texas ground and surface waterways. Because of this, it is crucial to understand atrazine behavior in the environment and the potential for harmful impacts on human and animal health and on other non-target organisms.

Answer this question properly​

Answers

Answer:

Hindi ko alam hehee

Explanation:

ssorry po

When a neuron is stimulated and sodium channels open, the process of has begun. Structures of the nervous system surrounding, but not part of the central nervous system are part of the . Two consecutive neurons communicate at a , where they physically come together. are a group of natural chemicals that reduce the perception of pain. Supporting cells of the nervous system are collectively called . When potassium channels have been open long enough to go below resting membrane potential, has occurred.

Answers

Answer:

- When a neuron is stimulated and sodium channels open, the process of depolarization has begun.  

- Structures of the nervous system surrounding, but not part of the central nervous system are part of the peripheral nervous system

- Two consecutive neurons communicate at a synapse, where they physically come together.  

- Endorphins are a group of natural chemicals that reduce the perception of pain.  

- Supporting cells of the nervous system are collectively called neuroglia

- When potassium channels have been open long enough to go below resting membrane potential, hyperpolarization has occurred.

Explanation:

Neurons undergo depolarization in response to diverse stimuli (e.g., heat, light, electrical, chemical, etc). The depolarization occurs when sodium (Na+) ions pass through specific channels  (i.e., open voltage-gated Na+ channels) into a neuron, which causes an increase in the positivity of membrane potential. On the other hand, hyperpolarization occurs when potassium (K+) channels remain open and Na+ channels reset, thereby producing an increase in negativity of membrane potential. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions, which connect the Central nervous system (CNS) to the organs, limbs, and skin. Endorphins (e.g., serotonin) are polypeptides secreted by the pituitary gland and CNS to relieve stress and pain. Neuroglia refers to a class of neural cells that have ectodermal (e.g., astroglia, peripheral glial cells) or mesodermal (e.g., microglia) origins. Neuroglia cells are involved in diverse roles, including, among others, the formation of the blood-brain barrier, homeostatic support, provision of nutrients for neurons, structural support to nerve cells, etc.

Na + Cl2 --> NaCl if you were given 15 grams of sodium (with excess chlorine) and asked to determine the amount of NaCl that would be produced (in grams), how would you go about doing it. Be as specific as possible and include numerical values when necessary.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - 38.15 gm of NaCl.

Explanation:

Write the balanced equation for this reaction of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl₂) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl):

2Na + Cl₂ —> 2NaCl

the mass of Na and the mass of NaCl :

Molar mass of Na = 23 g/mol

In the balanced equation = 2 × 23 = 46 g

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5

= 58.5 g/mol

similarly in balanced equation = 2 × 58.5 = 117 g

From the balanced equation above,

46 g of Na reacted to produce 117 g of NaCl.

By converting it to 15 grams of Na.

Therefore,15 g of Na will react to produce = (15 × 117)/46 = 38.15 g of NaCl.

Thus, 38.15 g of Na

Which of the following terms describes the distribution of a particular allele
within a population?
A. Allele dominance
B. Allele strength
C. Allele frequency
D. Allele density
Please help me

Answers

Answer:

Option : B Allele frequency...

Explanation:

The answer is allelic frequency. This is also the fraction of a particular allele of a gene in the population. please marks me as brainliests..please for my answer please...

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition in which blood does not clot properly. Queen Victoria of England had one allele for hemophilia. Most of her male descendants had the disorder, but few females had it. Why did hemophilia occur more frequently in Queen Victoria’s male descendants?

Answers

Answer:

Because hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition.

Explanation:

As the problem states, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition.

Meaning that in Queen Victoria's female descendants (coded XX) which inherited the Queen's one allele, for hemophilia to appear in them it would be necessary to inherit another hemophillia-carrying allele from the father.The Queen's male descendants (coded XY) would always manifest hemophilia if they inherited the Queen's hemophilia allele, as they possesed only one X gene.

*Part 1*:
Interpretation - Identify trends, compare and contrast, draw conclusions.
The following is a plot of the number of bacterial cells vs time in a culture. A culture refers to
cells grown in a man-made environment. For example, even though oceans, streams and
ponds are teaming with microbes, they are not considered a culture because they are part of a
natural environment. Yogurt as well as cells grown on agar plates or liquid cultures are
examples of a man-made environment.
c.
b.
d.
a.
5
Time (hr)
10
*Part 1*: Analyze the image. Be sure to include a conclusion. There are no incorrect
conclusions, only illogical ones.
Answer:

Answers

Answer:

First increases, attain highest population and then decreases.

Explanation:

In the culture, the number of bacterial cells increases with the passage of time in a culture. at the beginning, the bacterial cells increases in number or population with the passage of time. At point C, it shows highest population of bacterial cells at the time period of 4 to 5 hours but after more time passed, the population of bacterial cells decreases may be the unavailability of food substances in the medium.

Which of the following is a benefit of dams?

A. They impede fish migration and spawning

B. They provide a source of energy

C. They increase the sediment load of waterways


D. They divert water from ecosystems

Answers

A. They impede fish migration and spawning

how many people in the world​

Answers

Answer:

khjdaVSJHv

Explanation:ASjkbxzjb

SCamzhb

What is the purpose of a geological time scale ?

It used to predict natural disaters throughout Earth’s history.
It is used to present the correct sequence of events in the Earth’s history.
It is used to determine the absolute dates in years for different periods.
It used to create a naming system for flora and fauna.

Answers

Answer: B. It is used to present the correct sequence of events in the Earth’s history.

Explanation: On Edge!!!! :)

Answer:bbbbb

Explanation:

qcw3ec

Which of the following events contributes to the termination of a signal generated by the binding of a ligand to a receptor tyrosine kinase? Only one answer is correct
1. Phosphatases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.
2. Kinases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.
3. Kinases phosphorylate key residues.
4. The receptor tyrosine kinase dimerizes.
5. GTPase removes a phosphoryl group from GTP.
6. Phosphatases phosphorylate key residues.

Answers

Answer:

1. Phosphatases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.

Explanation:

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity transmembrane protein receptors that bind to a wide variety of ligands (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, hormones). These receptors (RTKs) have a transmembrane domain and therefore these proteins act as membrane receptors, as well as exhibit catalytic activity. The intracellular C terminal region of RTKs contains catalytic domains responsible for both autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylation of their protein substrates. Moreover, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) are critical enzymes that remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in different substrates (including RTKs), thereby regulating key signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell-cell adhesion.

A solid reactant is placed into a beaker of a warm water. The liquid vigorously bubbles as the solid dissolves into the solution. What will most likely happen if the temperature of the liquid is slightly reduced?
More bubbles will be produced because the solution is becoming more concentrated.
Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.
The solid will get smaller at a faster rate because of more collisions of reactant molecules.
The solid will get larger at a slower rate because precipitate is coming out of the solution.

Answers

Answer: Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.

Answer:

B) Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.

Explanation:

on Edge

In your own words, explain how the precise timing of an element's radioactive decay helps scientists find the actual age of a material? (5 points)

Answers

Answer:

Precise time can be studied with the help of amount of carbon in the body. By measuring the amount of carbon in the body scientist can find the actual age of a material

Mutations that result in the death of the individual are known as

Answers

Answer:

Mutations that cause the death of an organism are called lethals — and it doesn't get more negative than that.

In these imprinted cells, the SNRPN transcript overlaps with another gene, called UBE3A, which is transcribed in the opposite direction. This means that the region that the RNA polymerase transcribes in these two genes actually overlaps; in some cases, overlapping transcription in opposite directions leads to transcriptional interference, meaning that collisions between the polymerases traveling in opposite directions can interfere with transcription. It is believed that this takes place in this case, meaning that the more SNRPN transcription occurs, the more this disrupts transcription of UBE3A. Based on this information as well as information about the effects of imprinting on SNRPN transcription, which of the following statements about UBE3A transcription would be true?
a. The maternal copy of UBE3A is expressed and the paternal copy is silenced.
b. The paternal copy of UBE3A is expressed and the maternal copy is silenced.
c. Both copies of UBE3A are highly expressed.
d. Both copies of UBE3A are silenced.

Answers

Answer:

a. The maternal copy of UBE3A is expressed and the paternal copy is silenced.

Explanation:

When UBE3A chromosome is in neurons, paternal allele is silent and maternal allele is expressed in process of genomic imprinting. In some cases UBE3A is expressed from both paternal and maternal chromosomes. The paternal chromosome is blue whereas maternal chromosome is magenta.

All claims in science should be supported by biology

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Because science &biology have a connection

Use the Hide Others button to hide the other structures in the view and observe the routes of the arteries. Select the largest artery, traveling from the heart downward through the torso. What is this artery called

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - Aorta or descending aorta.

Explanation:

The main artery carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body and going downwards in the torso is the aorta. The blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve making a cane-shaped curve that allows other major arteries to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the brain, muscles, and other cells. It is known as the largest artery of the human body.

The correct answer is - Aorta or descending aorta.

What is silk thread?

Answers

Silk worms are an invasive species in the UK. They cover trees and kill them….. silk comes out of their butt and we call it silk thread. Silk thread is silk spun into thread, or silk worm pooo pooooooo

Using the organisms you identified in part B, create a food web for the ecosystem you chose. Use this sample food web for reference, although your food web will contain fewer organisms. Note that your food web does not have to include images, but you may include them if you choose. However, be sure to include arrows to indicate the direction of energy flow in your food web. Design your food web using any method listed below:

Answers

Unfortunately you did not introduce the organisms identified in part B, as the question shows. This makes it impossible for me to answer this question, but I will try and help as best I can.

In the figure attached to the question below, it is possible to see an example of a food web and the arrows that indicate the direction of the energy flow within this food web.

In this sense, we can determine that a food web is the set of food chains that complete and mix. A food chain shows how living organisms organize themselves so that one feeds on the other, whereas in the food web, this food chain is shown in a more realistic way, as it shows how food chains mix and interact within the ecosystem, as they do not there are food chains isolated in nature.

Answer:

I did Lake Tahoe. Feel free to use this image!

Explanation:

Which actions could be categorized in the “aerobic” section of the Venn diagram?

Answers

Answer:

Starts process with a glucose molecule (Obtaining ATP begins with a breakdown of a glucose molecule (hence the name of glycose), and this is in common with the anaerobic process since this step does not require oxygen.)

Explanation:

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#keep learning!!

Answer:

If your doing the test on edgen then the answers are A.)consists of three stages, B.)yields 36 ATP molecules and, E.)starts process with a glucose molecule

Explanation:

I really hope his helps :) !!!!!!!!!!!!

Please push that thank you button and have a great day!!!!!!!!!

Explain the benefit of higher myoglobin levels for individuals living at high altitudes

Answers

An individual with higher myoglobin levels would be able to carry and store more oxygen in their muscle tissues than a normal person.

A white colony growing on mannitol salt agar tests negative for coagulase and novobiocin sensitivity. This bacterium is most likely ________________
A white colony growing on mannitol salt agar tests negative for coagulase and novobiocin sensitivity. This bacterium is most likely ________________
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Stpahylococcus saprophyticus.
Staphylococcus aureus.

Answers

Answer:

for the first it is Staphylococcus saprophyticus. and for the second it is Streptococcus pyogenes.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Staphylococcus aureus.

2. Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Explanation:


6. What does the concept of learning set suggest?
O A. Ideas are needed to solve difficult problems.
O B. Emotion needs to be excluded from experiments involving cognition.
C. Imagination is the key to problem solving.
D. Animals learn how to learn.

Answers

Answer:

B. Emotion needs to be excluded from experiments involving cognition.

Explanation:

#CarryOnLearning

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what happens to the respiratory system of a pilot who is in a power dive in supersonic plane.​

no links

Answers

Explanation:

Due to lack of O2, the lungs will start breathing anaerobically i.e; without oxygen this may lead to cramps

Answer:

Due to lack of O2, the lungs will start breathing anaerobically

i.e.; without oxygen. This may lead to cramps.

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The perimeter of a square and rectangle is the same. The width of the rectangle is 6cm and it's area is 16cmsquare less than the area of the square. Find the area of the square In the United States, two-way bilingual education eliminates the problems of subtractive bilingualism by Even though the radio is sound only, nonverbal communication is still important.TrueFalse Based upon the intermolecular forces present, rank the following substances according to the expected boiling point for the substance.a. HClb. NaClc. N2d. H2O I tried to finish the meal, but the burned meat was as tough as leather, and I began to wonder whether I was eating someones old sneakers. Which type of figurative language does the sentence contain? idiom metaphor personification simile An airplane can travel 350 mph in still air. If it travels 1995 miles with the windin the same length of time it travels 1505 miles against the wind, what is the speed of the wind? Ryan spent 1/3 of his monthly salary for rent and 1/7 of his monthly salary for his utility bill. If $759 was left, what was his monthly salary? Please explain I'll give brainliest!!!!What is Environmental Socialization and how does it affect a person. Which choice best revises the sentence with preciselanguage?In 1926, educators decided that students needed totake the SAT.Many years ago, people created a test for studentsto take to get into college.Many years ago, educators decided that studentsneeded to pass a test to get into college.O In 1926, Carl Brigham developed the SAT, which is atest that students take to be considered for collegeadmission. Performing civic obligations helps ensure that everyone's civil rights and freedoms are protected.True False no links please Temperature regulatory apparatus of the mammal include the following pairs a. epidermis and dermis b. hair follicles and nerve ends c. sweat glands and sebaceous glandsd. sweat glands and hair follicles which of the following statements must be true, given that ABCXYZ, and the measure of C is 32 nowwwwwww pleasssssssss It takes 130 J of work to compress a certain spring 0.10m. (a) What is the force constant of this spring? (b) To compress the spring an additional 0.10 m, does it take 130 J, more than 130 J or less than 130 J? Verify your answer with a calculation. Congress's delegation of certain lawmaking powers to the Executive Branch departments and agencies refers to A. Administrative Law B. Statutory Delegation C. Statutes defining the power and scope of the administrative agencies of the U.S. government D. lawmaking authority delegated to the Executive Branch E. all of the abov A light source radiates 60.0 W of single-wavelength sinusoidal light uniformly in all directions. What is the average intensity of the light from this bulb at a distance of 0.400 m from the bulb 4.106Calculate the moles and the mass of solute in each of the following solutions.(a) 150.0 mL of 0.245 M CaCl2 A boy leaves station X on a bearing of 035' to station Y. which is 21km away. He then travels to another station Z on a bearing of 125 degrees . If Z is directly East of X, what is the distance from X to his present position? Identify the simplifying assumptions usually made in net present value analysis. a. AlI cash flows Other than the initial investment occur at the end of periods. b. All cash flows generated by the investment project are immediately reinvested at a rate of return greater than the discount rate. c. All cash flows generated by the investment project are immediately reinvested at a rate Of return equal to the discount rate, d. All cash flows occur at the beginning of the periods, e. The time value of money is ignored when evaluating investment proposals under the net present value analysis. How is an ectotherm most likely to maintain homeostasis during hot weather?