A runner first runs a displacement A of 3.20 km due south, and then a second displacement Bthat points due east.(a) The magnitude of the resultant displacement A + B is 5.18 km. What is the magnitude (in m) of B?____kmWhat is the angle that A + Bmakes relative to due south? (Your answer must be a positive number from 0 to 180 degrees).Is this angle east or west of south?(b) Consider a situation where the runner still runs a displacement B due east, and we find that the vector A − B has a magnitude of 5.18 km. In this situation, what is the magnitude (in km) of B?_____kmWhat is the angle that A − B makes relative to due south? (Your answer must be a positive number from 0 to 180 degrees).Is this angle east or west of south?

Mathematically, F is1.56 represents the resulting force of friction on the block. The Frictioval force's mathematical equation is typically represented as F is uN.

Explanation:

Mathematically, F=1.56 represents the resulting force of friction on the block.

The Frictioval force's mathematical equation is typically represented as F=uN.

u equals the friction coefficient.

N is normal force.

frictional force

As a result, the force of friction on the F=10.4*0.15 F=1.56

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The increase in mass of the space station has no effect on the field strength, and the increase in orbital radium decreases the field strength

What is Earth's Gravitation Field?

Earth's gravitation field is the force any object experiences due to the gravitational pull by earth. It's formula is given below where G is the force, m is the mass of earth and r is radius of distance.

As seen through the formula, the gravitation field strength is only depend on earth's mass which is constant and radius of the distance. Hence, the increase in mass of the space station has no effect on the field strength, and the increase in orbital radium decreases the field strength.

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When a white dwarf acquires enough mass for its carbon interior to start fusing, a white dwarf supernova results.

The white dwarf entirely explodes as the star's fusion starts nearly immediately throughout the entire star. When iron is produced during fusion in a star's core, a "massive stellar supernova" results. If a white dwarf in a near binary system acquires enough mass to surpass the "white dwarf limit (1.4 solar masses)," it will erupt as a supernova. The absence of hydrogen characteristics in type I supernovae's spectra at maximum luminosity is a crucial identifying trait. The remnant core of a low-mass star known as a white dwarf is protected from the force of gravity by electron degeneracy pressure. The mass of the Sun is often condensed into a body no bigger than Earth in a white dwarf.

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Answer:

B.) 25g

Explanation:

The easiest way to solve this problem is to realize that the sample has gone through three half-lives (15÷5=3).

Use this information to calculate how much of the original 200g sample is left after the three half-lives:

[tex](\frac{1}{2})(200g)=100g\\(\frac{1}{2})(100g)=50g\\(\frac{1}{2})(50g)=25g[/tex]

So, after three half-lives, the remaining sample has a mass of 25g.

If you are in a car with a helium balloon in the middle of the back seat and you turn left, the balloon moves towards right.

A change in the air's surrounding density causes a helium-filled balloon to move.

The balloon operates in opposition to what your body would normally do. Therefore, if the automobile stops, the balloon will move to the back. The secret is that you are composed of materials that are significantly heavier than air and that the balloon is loaded with helium (He).

Turn left, the balloon goes right. When you turn right, the balloon moves to the left; when you stop, it moves to the right.

It has to do with the motion of the air in your car. When you start moving forward while stationary, all of the air in the car rushes to the back, where it builds up an area of higher air pressure.

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An electromagnetic wave radiating from a specific 50.0-Hz AC power line has a maximum electric field strength of 13.0 kV/m. This extremely low frequency electromagnetic pulse has a wavelength of 6.00 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex]m.

A sinusoidal graph illustrates electromagnetic waves. It is made up of time-varying electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction that waves travel.

Inverse proportionality describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength. Longer wavelengths are correlated with lower frequency, and vice versa. The fact that a wave's speed is equal to the product of its frequency and wavelength helps to explain how these two properties are related.

Briefing:

Given that,

Frequency of the power line, f = 50.0 Hz

Value of maximum electric field strength of 13.0 kV/m

The wavelength of this very low frequency electromagnetic wave is given by using relation as:

[tex]c = f[/tex]λ

λ [tex]= \frac{c}{f}[/tex]

λ [tex]= \frac{3.8 * 10^{8} m/s }{50}[/tex]

λ = 6 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] m

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Field poles are electromagnets whose polarities change as the flow of current alternates in the field windings.

An electromagnet is a sort of magnet wherein the magnetic area is produced with the aid of an electric current. Electromagnets generally encompass cord wounds into a coil. A cutting edge through the wire creates a magnetic discipline that is focused inside the hole in the middle of the coil.

Electromagnets create a magnetic discipline through the application of power. When you introduce the modern, either from a battery or any other supply of strength, it flows through the wire. This creates a magnetic discipline around the coiled cord, magnetizing the metal as though it were a permanent magnet.

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The general instinct hypothesis, which contends that people are physiologically predisposed to or possess inclinations for violent behaviours, is known as the instinct theory of aggression in psychology.

In an effort to understand why we become aggressive and whether that behaviours can be altered, psychologists have developed three primary theories of aggression. Although many hypotheses have been put out, these three have proven most reliable and are crucial to comprehending the origins of violence. These hypotheses comprise as,

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Answer:

decreases

Explanation:

The thermal energy of the gob decreases by heating the air around the gob and the mold in which the bottle is made

Answer:

An induced current in a changing magnetic field will be in  such a direction as to oppose the magnetic field causing the induced current.

Thus, the current in the second loop must be increasing in a counterclockwise direction       (a)

The induced current must produce magnetic field that opposes the field producing the change or perpetual motion could occur.

Joan is going with speed 30 m/s. Hence, option (C) is correct.

Acceleration is the rate at which a velocity changes over time. It qualifies as a vector quantity because it possesses both direction and magnitude. Meter/second^2 (m/s^2) is the SI unit of acceleration.

Given that: initial speed of the car: u = 10 m/s.

Uniform acceleration of the car: a =  4 m/s^2.

Distance travelled: s = 100 meters.

Let, the final speed is = v

Using the formula v² = u² + 2as, we get:

v = √(10² + 2×4×100) m/s.

= 30 m/s.

Hence, final speed of the car is 30 m/s.

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A inaccessible object is a dynamic variable on the free store without any pointer pointing to it.

Utilize the sextant's arc to determine the angle. By dividing the object's distance from the point of observation by the tan of the angle you calculated, you may use a scientific calculator to get the object's height.

The measuring of heights and distances that are unreachable is made easier by right-triangle trigonometry. By drawing a right triangle with the unknown height or distance as one of its sides and a known side and angle on the other, it is possible to determine the unknown height or distance.

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Answer:

dynamic variable

A customer can choose one of six speaker systems, one of five DVD players, and one of six flat-screen televisions to design a home entertainment system:

In order to determine the number of possible system configurations

A customer is a person or business that buys items or offerings from another business. clients are vital due to the fact they generate sales. without them, organizations might go out of business.

A client is commonly defined as someone who buys a terrific, product, or carrier. more, in particular, clients are human beings or agencies currently shopping, have bought, or maybe inquisitive about buying services or products from every other character or enterprise.

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The final velocity of the two balls after collision is 1.7 m/s and the direction is 45⁰.

The given parameters;

   mass of the first clay ball, m₁ = 20 g = 0.02 kg

   initial velocity of the first clay ball, u₁ = 3 m/s

   mass of the second clay ball, m₂ = 30 g = 0.03 kg

   initial velocity of the second ball, u₂ = 2 m/s

The initial momentum of the fist ball is calculated as follows;

                               P₁ = m₁u₁

                                  P₁ = (0.02)(3)

                                 P₁ = 0.06 kg.m/s

The initial momentum of the second ball is calculated as follows

                                      P₂ = m₂u₂

                                        P₂ = (0.03)(2)

                                         P₂ = 0.06 kg.m/s

The resultant initial momentum of the two balls is calculated as follows;

Apply the principle of conservation of momentum, to determine the final velocity of the two balls;

The direction of the two ball's velocity is calculated as follows;

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The reactive power of the branch (Qb) can be calculated from its voltage and current 676.16 VA.

Reactive power is the power in an AC circuit that is required to establish and maintain a voltage across a load. It is associated with the storage and release of energy in the form of electric and magnetic fields. Reactive power does not contribute to the actual work output of a system and is measured in Volt-amperes reactive (VARs). Power factor is a measure of reactive power relative to the total power in a system.

Source frequency = 60 Hz
Generator impedance = 0 W
Circuit:
Vg = 170 V
R1 = 10 Ω
R2 = 20 Ω
Zb = 20 + j10 Ω

The current flowing through the generator (Ig) and the branch (Ib) can be calculated from Ohm's Law:
Ig = Vg/R1 + Vg/R2 = 170/10 + 170/20 = 17 A
Ib = Ig - Vg/Zb = 17 - 170/(20 + j10) = 17 - 16.4 + j4.4 = 0.6 + j4.4 A
Since Ib is a complex number, we can find its magnitude (|Ib|) and angle (θ):
|Ib| = √(0.6² + 4.4²) = 4.46 A
θ = tan⁻¹(4.4/0.6) = 80.16°
The voltage across the branch (Vb-n) can be calculated using Ohm's Law:
Vb-n = Ib × Zb = (0.6 + j4.4) × (20 + j10) = -8.4 + j74.4 V
The apparent power of the branch (Sb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Sb = Vb-n × Ib* = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 - j4.4) = -45.48 + j367.04 VA
The real power of the branch (Pb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Pb = Vb-n × Ib = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 + j4.4) = -45.48 - j367.04 W
The reactive power of the branch (Qb) can be calculated from its voltage and current:
Qb = Vb-n × Ib* = (-8.4 + j74.4) × (0.6 - j4.4) = 676.16 VA

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A 10 cm radius Styrofoam sphere is submerged in water. So is a 10 cm radius lead sphere. The buoyant force exerted by the water on the Styrofoam sphere is greater than the force exerted on the lead sphere is true.

2.Hot air balloons could be improved by filling them with hydrogen instead of heated air is ta true statement.

Case I- Styrofoam sphere

The buoyant force exerted by a fluid on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. This means that the buoyant force exerted on the Styrofoam sphere and the lead sphere will be determined by the amount of water that each sphere displaces when it is submerged.

The Styrofoam sphere has a lower density than water, so it will displace a greater volume of water than the lead sphere, which has a higher density than water. This means that the buoyant force exerted on the Styrofoam sphere will be greater than the force exerted on the lead sphere.

To calculate the buoyant force on each sphere, you can use the following formula:

Buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid

The weight of the displaced fluid is equal to the volume of the fluid displaced multiplied by the fluid's density. You can use the formula for the volume of a sphere (V = 4/3πr^³) to calculate the volume of water displaced by each sphere.

For example, if the density of water is 1 g/cm^³ and the radius of each sphere is 10 cm, the volume of water displaced by the Styrofoam sphere would be:

4/3π(10 cm)^³

= 4/3π1000 cm^³

= 4347.19 cm^³

The weight of the displaced water would be:

4347.19 cm^³ * 1 g/cm^³

= 4347.19 g.

The buoyant force on the Styrofoam sphere would therefore be 4347.19 g.

The volume of water displaced by the lead sphere would be the same as the Styrofoam sphere (4347.19 cm^3), but the weight of the displaced water would be greater, due to the higher density of lead.

The weight of the displaced water for the lead sphere would be:

4347.19 cm^³  * 11.34 g/cm^³

= 49359.93 g,

The buoyant force on the lead sphere would be:

49359.93 g.

Therefore, the buoyant force on the Styrofoam sphere would be less than the force on the lead sphere, as stated in the original statement.

Case 2-Hot air balloons

Hydrogen is a lighter-than-air gas, which means that it is less dense than air and has a lower molecular weight. This makes it a potential alternative to heated air as a lifting gas for hot air balloons.

One advantage of using hydrogen as a lifting gas is that it is more buoyant than air, so a hot air balloon filled with hydrogen would be able to lift a greater payload than a balloon filled with air. This could make it possible to design hot air balloons that are larger or carry more passengers or cargo.

However, there are also some significant drawbacks to using hydrogen as a lifting gas for hot air balloons. One concern is the flammability of hydrogen, which is highly explosive and can ignite easily. This makes it potentially dangerous to use in a hot air balloon, as any leaks or accidents could result in a fire or explosion.

Overall, while hydrogen has some potential advantages as a lifting gas for hot air balloons, the risks and costs associated with its use may make it less practical than other options.

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The weight of the staging is 550N.

The weight of an object, the gravitational force caused by the presence of a large second object such as the Earth or the Moon.

The unit of measurement for weight is indeed a unit of force. This unit in the International System of Units (SI) is the Newton.

Given data : Weight of the painter ([tex]W_{p}[/tex]) = 300 N

                    Left scale's weight reading [tex](W_{L} )[/tex] = 580 N

                    Right scale's weight reading [tex](W_{R} )[/tex] = 270 N

To find the weight of the staging [tex](W_{s} )[/tex], we will set all the weight in the equilibrium.

Since the force of the staging and painter's weight is going downward we will denote them as negative. The opposite will be placed for the reading of weight on the left and right scale, which is positive.

[tex]-W_{p} -W_{s} +W_{L}+W_{R} = 0[/tex]

[tex]-300N-W_{s} +580N + 270N = 0\\[/tex]

[tex]W_{s}[/tex] [tex]= -300N+580N+270N[/tex]

[tex]W_{s}[/tex] [tex]= 550N[/tex]

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The crane is under 5120 N of force. The crane touches the rock boulder and uses mechanical force to lift it.

Force is a physical phenomenon that can change an object's shape as well as its state of motion or rest. The SI unit of force is the Newton.

Jib, gantry, and overhead cranes are the three pieces of machinery used most frequently in the industry. Depending on the type of item to be moved, either a chain or wire rope hoist will be used. In the shipbuilding sector, material handling is the main use of overhead cranes during the assembly process.

Briefing:

Mass (m) = 400kg

Acceleration (a) = 3.00 m/s^2

Gravitational acceleration (g) = 9.81 m/s^2

Force (F) = mg + ma

Force (F) = m (g + a)

Force (F) = 400 (9.81+3)

Force (F) = 5120 N

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6000 rulings are present on a 20.0 mm broad diffraction grating. The maximum value of theta at which maxima show on a distant viewing screen for light with a wavelength of 589 nm is 62.1 °, followed by 45.0 ° and 32.0 °.

Adjacent rulings are separated by a distance of d = 20.0mm/6000 = 0.00333mm = 3.33m. Let dsin equal m (0, 1, 2,...). The greatest value of corresponds to m=5, which results in = sin 1(m/d)= sin 1 (5(0.589m)/3.33m)=62.1 ° b) because m/d>1 for m6. The second-largest value of is equal to m=4, which results in the expression = sin 1 (m/d) = sin 1 (4(0.589 m)/ 3.33 m)= 45.0° c. When m=3—the third-largest value of —is used, the result is = sin 1 (m/d) = sin 1 (3(0.589 m)/3.33 m) = 32.0°.

Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves via an aperture or around an obstruction's corners into the region that is physically in its geometric shadow. In essence, the diffracting component or aperture becomes a second source of the wave. Francesco Maria Grimaldi, an Italian physicist, was the first to precisely record the occurrences of the phenomena in 1660 and also coined the name "diffraction".

An unlimited number of locations (three shown) along length d that project phase contributions from the wavefront cause a continuously varying intensity () to be created on the license plate.

The diffraction phenomenon is explained by the classical physics idea known as the Huygens-Fresnel principle, which views each point in a propagating wave front as a group of distinct spherical wavelets.

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Laboratory experiments on Earth have examined that each element in the periodic table emits photons only at definite wavelengths (determined by the excitation state of the atoms).

These photons are manifest as either emission or absorption lines in the spectrum of an astronomical object, and by observing the position of these spectral lines, we can detect which components are present in the object itself or along the line of sight.

although, when astronomers observe spectral lines in extragalactic objects (such as galaxies and quasars), they find that the wavelength of the notice spectral lines is different from the laboratory experiments.

In most cases, the wavelength of the spectral lines is longer and thus are shifted toward the red end of the spectrum they are redshifted.

There are many explanations for this redshift phenomenon.

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The distance travelled by the car after the brake was applied is 125 m.

The distance travelled by the car is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation as shown below.

Mathematically, the distance travelled by the car at the given average speed is calculated as;

s = [ ( v + u ) / 2 ] t

where;

The distance travelled by the car is calculated as;

s = [ ( 0 + 25 m/s ) / 2 ] ( 10 s )

s = 125 m

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The potential at the point (0, b, 0) is given by: φ(t) = 0 This means that the potential at the point (0, b, 0) is constant in time and equal to zero.

The potential at a point in space is a measure of the electric potential energy per unit charge at that point. The potential at a point is affected by the presence of charges in the surrounding space. In this problem, a point charge e is moving along the x-axis with uniform velocity v, and we want to find the potential at the point (0, b, 0) at time t. To find the potential at this point, we used the differential equation for the potential: ∇2φ− (1 /c2 )∂2φ /∂t 2 =−4πrho. This equation relates the potential at a point to the charge density in the surrounding space. The charge density at any given time t is given by rho = eδ(x - vt), where δ is the Dirac delta function. This expression represents a point charge located at x = vt. Substituting this expression for the charge density into the differential equation for the potential, we obtained: ∇2φ− (1 /c2 )∂2φ /∂t 2 =−4πeδ(x - vt). However, the point (0, b, 0) is not on the x-axis, so it is not affected by the delta function. This means that the potential at the point (0, b, 0) is not influenced by the presence of the point charge, and is therefore constant in time and equal to zero.

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(a) The ratio of the slit separation d, to the slit width D;

                               d/D = 0.0001

(b The ratio of the slit width to the wavelength of the light source λ;

                                d/λ = 51.25

(c) The wavelength, in nanometers, of the light source;

                                   λ = 331.7 nm

(d) The slit width, in micrometers;

                                   d = 20.5 µm

(a) We know that Fringe width is given by,

                                  [tex]\beta =\frac{D\lambda}{d}[/tex]

Where,

           D = slit to screen distance

           λ = wavelength

           d = slit width

Given in the question,

           D = 2.05 m

           [tex]\beta =4 cm=0.04m[/tex]

Now,

          [tex]\frac{d}{D} =\frac{\lambda}{\beta } =\frac{400*10^{-9} }{0.04}[/tex]

                 d/D = 0.0001

Hence,

            The ratio of the slit separation d, to the slit width D;

                               d/D = 0.0001

(b) Ratio of d & λ,

                            [tex]\frac{d}{\lambda} =\frac{D}{\beta }[/tex]

                            [tex]\frac{d}{\lambda}=\frac{2.05}{0.04}[/tex]

                            [tex]\frac{d}{\lambda}=51.25[/tex]

Hence,

           The ratio of the slit width to the wavelength of the light source λ;

                                d/λ = 51.25

(c)  The wavelength of the light source,  

                            [tex]\lambda=\frac{D\beta }{d}[/tex]

                            [tex]\lambda=\frac{17*10^{-6} *0.04}{2.05}[/tex]

                            [tex]\lambda=331.7nm[/tex]

Hence,

            The wavelength, in nanometers, of the light source;

                             λ = 331.7 nm

(d) The slit width,

                           [tex]d =\frac{D\lambda}{\beta }[/tex]

                           [tex]d=\frac{400*10^{-9} *2.05}{0.04}[/tex]

                           [tex]d=20.5 \mu m[/tex]

Hence,

           The slit width, in micrometers;

                                   d = 20.5 µm

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The path taken by a light beam after passing through a mirror's focus is where it hits the mirror and reflects back in exactly the same direction as it went in.

Specular reflection is the name for this. A smooth surface allows light to bounce back at the same angle that it was incident. Rays of light that are reflected off of a smooth surface go in that same direction.

The narrow beams of light that travel in straight lines along their courses as electromagnetic waves are known as rays. Though its path might be altered by reflection or refraction, light always moves in a straight line.

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The gravitational torque about the pivot when the mass is 60 ∘∘ above the +x-axis is (0.1838 Nm)k

Torque is the turning effect of a force which causes rotation. It is given by τ = F × d where

Since a 50 g mass rotates in a vertical plane--call it the xy-plane with the y-axis pointing up--at the end of a 75-cm-long, massless, rigid rod.

The gravitational torque is given by τ = F × d where

So, τ = F × d

= -(mgcosФ)j × di

= mgdcosФ(-j × i)

= -mgdcosФ(j × i)

= -mgdcosФ(-k)

= (mgdcosФ)k

Given that

Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

τ = (mgdcosФ)k

= (0.05 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 0.75 m × cos60°)k

= (0.05 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 0.75 m × cos60°)k

= (0.3675 kgm²/s² × 0.5)k

= (0.18375 kgm²/s²)k

= (0.18375 Nm)k

≅ (0.1838 Nm)k

So, the torque is (0.1838 Nm)k

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The inner radius of a hollow metal sphere is a, and the outside radius is b.  The hollow sphere has a point charge q in the center. There will be a distribution of q charges on the inner surface.

Electric charge can be interpreted as an excess or shortage of electrons and is the amount of imbalanced electricity (either positive or negative) in a body. There are two varieties: positive (+) and negative (–).

We all studied the structure of an atom with an equal amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons in physics and chemistry. Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutrally charged, and electrons have a negative charge.

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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:

A hollow metal sphere has inner radius 'a' and outer radius 'b'. The hollow sphere has charge +2Q. A point charge +Q sits at the center of the hollow sphere. How much charge is on the inside surface of the hollow sphere?

Transmission coefficients are used in physics and electrical engineering when considering wave propagation in discontinuous media. The snells law is n₁sinθ1 = n₂sinθ2

The transmission coefficient describes the amplitude intensity or total power of the transmitted wave relative to the incident wave. The transmission coefficient is defined as the ratio of the transmitted particle flux to the incident particle flux and depends on the incident energy.

The sum of the reflected and transmitted energy must equal the total incident energy, so the transmission coefficient is calculated simply by subtracting the reflection coefficient. The ratio of the reflected wave amplitude to the incident wave amplitude is called the reflection coefficient.

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The final velocity of the weights will be 3.31 m/s

Weight = 5 lb

Coefficient of kinetic friction (µ) = 0.18

let T be tension

[tex]m_{1}[/tex]*g-T =[tex]m_{1}[/tex]*a

[tex]m_{1}[/tex] =10 lb = 4.53 kg

T-(µ)[tex]m_{2}[/tex]g =[tex]m_{2}[/tex]a

Adding both equations, we have

([tex]m_{1}[/tex]-k[tex]m_{2}[/tex])g =[tex]m_{2}[/tex] a

a = (4.53-0.2*2.26)*10/2.26 =18.04 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]

Using the equation of motion, we have,

[tex]v^{2} -u^{2} =2as[/tex]

Since the body starts from rest, the initial velocity, that is, u is zero.

So, u = 0 m/s

Putting this value in the above equation to calculate the final velocity, we have,

[tex]v^{2}[/tex] = 2as

v = [tex]\sqrt{(2*18.04*0.304) }[/tex]= 3.31 m/s

Thus, the final velocity of the weights will be 3.31 m/s

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The angular momentum of a system does not depend on the point about which it is taken, according to equation (iv). the particles  eventually move back together because of mutual gravitational attraction.

As depicted in the following diagram, assume that two particles are present at positions P and Q at some point in time.

Think about a point R that is y miles away from a point Q, or QR=y PR=dy.

LP=mv0+mvd=mvd is the system's angular momentum around point P.

I The system's angular momentum around point Q is given by LQ=mvd+mv0=mvd.....(ii)

System's angular momentum about point R is given by LR=mv(d, y)+mv(y, d)=mvd....(iii)

The result of comparing equations I (ii), and (iii) is L P = LQ = LR....... (iv)

The angular momentum of a system does not depend on the point about which it is taken, according to equation (iv).

All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational attraction, which has a magnitude that is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from one another.

Our feet remain firmly planted on the ground thanks to gravity, which also keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth, the Earth in orbit around the Sun, the Sun in orbit around the galactic core of our Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies orbiting each other.

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A) Surface temperature is the temperature at the surface.

B) The surface density in Titan's atmosphere in molecules per cubic meter is 1.17 x 10²¹ molecule/m³

C)  The density of Earth's atmosphere is  0.0012 g/cm³

A) Surface temperature is the temperature at the surface, it can be defined differently for different surfaces:

Surface air temperature, air temperature near the earth's surface.

Sea surface temperature, the temperature of water near the surface of the ocean.

Global surface temperature, the combined global average of surface air temperature and sea surface temperature.

The surface temperature of the star, often the effective temperature.

B) According to the Gas equation, PV = nRT

P: pressure = 1.5 Earth-atmospheres = 1.5 atm

R: ideal gas constant = 8.205 m^3.atm.mol^-1.K^-1

T: temperature in Titan = 94K

n: number of moles

So as to calculate no. of moles per cubic meter N = (n/v) = (P/RT)

N' = N*A = (AP/RT)

A: Avogadro's number = 6.022*109^23 molecules/mol

N': molecules per cubic meter

By putting all the values in the formula,

N' so obtained is 1.17 x 10²¹ molecule/m³

C) The density of Earth's atmosphere 0.0012 g/cm³ or 1.217 kg/m³.

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