Answer:
Based on the requirements indicated in the question above, the best Local Area Network (LAN) operating system that can be used is
Windows 7 , 8.1 or Windows 10. This is because they all are configured to handle extensive LAN activity and can connect over 200 users.
Explanation:
Generally speaking, Windows 10 packs more improvement over the previous windows.
Cheers
Large computer programs, such as operating systems, achieve zero defects prior to release. Group of answer choices True False PreviousNext
Answer:
The answer is "False"
Explanation:
It is put to use Six Sigma had 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) from the start, allowing for a 1.5-sigma process shift. However, the definition of zero faults is a little hazy. Perhaps the area beyond 3.4 DPMO is referred to by the term "zero faults.", that's why Before being released, large computer programs, such as operating systems, must have no faults the wrong choice.
A coin is tossed repeatedly, and a payoff of 2n dollars is made, where n is the number of the toss on which the first Head appears. So TTH pays $8, TH pays $4 and H pays $2. Write a program to simulate playing the game 10 times. Display the result of the tosses and the payoff. At the end, display the average payoff for the games played. A typical run would be:
Answer:
Explanation:
The following code is written in Java. It creates a loop within a loop that plays the game 10 times. As soon as the inner loop tosses a Heads (represented by 1) the inner loop breaks and the cost of that game is printed to the screen. A test case has been made and the output is shown in the attached image below.
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
class Brainly {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int count = 0;
int loopCount = 0;
while (loopCount < 10) {
while (true) {
Random rand = new Random();
int coinFlip = rand.nextInt(2);
count++;
if (coinFlip == 1) {
System.out.println("Cost: $" + 2*count);
count = 0;
break;
}
loopCount++;
}
}
}
}
You are developing a Windows forms application used by a government agency. You need to develop a distinct user interface element that accepts user input. This user interface will be reused across several other applications in the organization. None of the controls in the Visual Studio toolbox meets your requirements; you need to develop all your code in house.
Required:
What actions should you take?
Answer:
The answer is "Developing the custom control for the user interface"
Explanation:
The major difference between customized control & user control would be that it inherit throughout the inheritance tree at different levels. Usually, a custom power comes from the system. Windows. UserControl is a system inheritance.
Using accuracy up is the major reason for designing a custom UI control. Developers must know how to use the API alone without reading the code for your component. All public methods and features of a custom control will be included in your API.
what type of slab and beam used in construction of space neddle
Answer:
Pyramidal Space Frame Glamorizes Swimming Pool 15. News Briefs 16 ... to use every pound of steel with no sacrifice in safety or ... form of steel trusses in an inverted coni- ... be embedded in the concrete slab when.
Explanation:
I HOPE THIS HELPS
????????????????????????????????
(c) 4
Explanation:The function strpos() is a function in php that returns the position of the first occurrence of a particular substring in a string. Positions are counted from 0. The function receives two arguments. The first argument is the string from which the occurrence is to be checked. The second argument is the substring to be checked.
In this case, the string is "Get Well Soon!" while the substring is "Well"
Starting from 0, the substring "Well" can be found to begin at position 4 of the string "Get Well Soon!".
Therefore, the function strpos("Get Well Soon!", "Well") will return 4.
Then, with the echo statement, which is used for printing, value 4 will be printed as output of the code.
Explain why interrupt times and dispatch delays must be limited to a hard real-time system?
Answer:
The important problem is explained in the next section of clarification.
Explanation:
The longer it is required for a computing device interrupt to have been performed when it is created, is determined as Interrupt latency.
The accompanying duties include interrupt transmission delay or latency are provided below:
Store the instructions now being executed.Detect the kind of interruption.Just save the present process status as well as activate an appropriate keep interrupting qualitative functions.
1. What is memory mapped I/O?
Answer:
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O are two complementary methods of performing input/output between the central processing unit and peripheral devices in a computer. An alternative approach is using dedicated I/O processors, commonly known as channels on mainframe computers, which execute their own instructions.
Select the correct answer.
Which network would the patrol services of a city's police department most likely use?
A. LAN
в.PAN
C.CAN
D.MAN
Answer:
D. MAN
Explanation:
A local area network (LAN) refers to a group of personal computers (PCs) or terminals that are located within the same general area and connected by a common network cable (communication circuit), so that they can exchange information from one node of the network to another. A local area network (LAN) is typically used in small or limited areas such as a set of rooms, a single building, school, hospital, or a set of well-connected buildings. Some of the network devices or equipments used in a local area network (LAN) includes an access point, personal computers, a switch, a router, printer, etc.
On the other hand, a metropolitan area network (MAN) is formed by an aggregation of multiple local area network (LAN) that are interconnected using backbone provided by an internet service provider (ISP). A metropolitan area network (MAN) spans for about 5 kilometers to 50 kilometers in size.
Basically, a metropolitan area network (MAN) spans across a geographic area such as a city and it's larger than a local area network (LAN) but significantly smaller than a wide area network (WAN).
In conclusion, the network type that the patrol services of a city's police department would most likely use is a metropolitan area network (MAN).
Answer:
The correct answer is D. Man.
Explanation:
I got it right on the Edmentum test.
Given below are some facts and predicates for some knowledge base (KB). State if the unification for either variable x or y is possible or not. If the unification is possible then show the unified values for variables x and y.
a. American (Bob), American (y)
b. Enemy (Nono, America), Enemy(x,y)
c. Weapon (Missile), soldTo (Missile, y), Weapon (x), soldTo (x, Nono)
d. L(x, y), (L(y, x) ^ L(A, B))
Answer:
Unification may be a process by which two logical individual atomic expressions, identical by replacing with a correct substitution. within the unification process, two literals are taken as input and made identical using the substitution process. There are some rules of substitution that has got to be kept in mind:
The predicate symbol must be an equivalent for substitution to require place.
The number of arguments that are present in both expressions must be equivalent.
Two similar variables can't be present within the same expression
Explanation:
a. American (Bob), American (y):-
In this scenario, Unification is feasible consistent with the principle. The substitution list is going to be [y/Bob].
b. Enemy (Nono, America), Enemy(x,y):-
In this scenario, the Unification is feasible consistent with the principles. The substitution list is going to be [x/Nono, y/America].
c. Weapon (Missile), soldTo (Missile, y), Weapon (x), soldTo (x, Nono):-
In this scenario, the Unification isn't possible because the predicate is different i.e. Weapon and soldTo.
d. L(x, y), (L(y, x) ^ L(A, B)):-
In this scenario, Unification isn't possible because the number of arguments is different within the given expression
A recursive method may call other methods, including calling itself. A recursive method has:
1. a base case -- a case that returns a value or exits from a method without performing a recursive call.
2. a recursive case -- calling the method again with a smaller case..
Study the recursive method given below.
For example, this call recursiveMethod (5); returns 15:
public static int recursiveMethod (int num) (
if (num == 0)
return 1;
else {
if (numX2!=0)
return num * recursiveMethod (num -1);
else
return recursiveMethod (num-1);
}
}
1 What is the base case?
2. What does the following statement check?
3. What does the method do?
Answer:
Hence the answer is given as follows,
Explanation:
Base Case:-
If (num == 0) //This is the base case for the given recursive method
return 1;
If(num % 2!=0) checks whether num is odd.
The above condition is true for all odd numbers and false for even numbers.
if the remainder is not equal to zero when we divide the number with 2 then it is odd.
The method:-
The above recursive method calculates the product of odd numbers up to the given range(that is num)
For num=5 => 15(5*3*1).
For num=7 => 105(7*5*3*1).
For num=10 => 945(9*7*5*3*1).
A student registers for a course in a university. Courses may have limited enrollment i.e a student must
enroll atmost 9 credit hours, the registration process must include checks that places are available. Assume
that the student accesses an electronic course catalog to find out about available courses. Which design
model should be followed by this secenario? Draw any two UML diagrams.
Answer:
Follows are the complete question to the given question:
Explanation:
The UML scheme is a UML-based diagram intended to depict the system visually, together with its key actors, roles, activities, objects, and classes, to gather information the about system, change that, or maintain it.
Every complex process is better understood via sketches or pictures. These diagrams have a higher understanding effect. By glancing about, we notice that diagrams are not a new idea but are widely used in various business types. To enhance understanding of the system, we prepare UML diagrams. There is not enough of a single diagram to represent all aspects of the system. You can also create customized diagrams to satisfy your needs. Iterative and incremental diagrams are usually done.
There are two broad diagram categories and that they are broken into subclasses again:
Diagram structureDiagrams of behaviorPlease find the graph file of the question in the attachment.
Consider the following class in Java:
public class MountainBike extends Bicycle {
public int seatHeight;
public MountainBike(int startHeight,
int startCadence,
int startSpeed,
int startGear) {
super(startCadence, startSpeed, startGear);
seatHeight = startHeight;
}
public void setHeight(int newValue) {
seatHeight = newValue;
}
}
What is this trying to accomplish?
super(startCadence, startSpeed, startGear);
a. Four fields of the MountainBike class are defined: super, startCadence, startSpeed and startGear.
b. The constructor for the parent class is called.
c. A method of the MountainBike class named super is defined.
d. Three fields are defined for the MountainBike class as intances of the class named super.
Answer:
b. The constructor for the parent class is called.
Explanation:
In this case this specific piece of code is calling the constructor for the parent class. Since a MountainBike object is being created. This creation uses the MountainBike class constructor but since this is a subclass of the Bicycle class, the super() method is calling the parent class constructor and passing the variables startCadence, startSpeed, startGear to that constructor. The Bicycle constructor is the one being called by super() and it will handle what to do with the variables inputs being passed.
The message signal m(t) = 10cos(1000t) frequency modulates the carrier c(t) = 10cos(2fct). The modulation index is 10.
1) Write an expression for the modulated signal u(t).
2) What is the power of the modulated signal.
3) Find the bandwidth of the modulated signal.
Answer:
1) 10cos ( 2πfct + 10sin 2πfmt )
2) 50 watts
3) 1000 Hz
Explanation:
m(t) = 10cos(1000πt)
c(t) = 10cos(2πfct )
modulation index ( = 10
1) expression for modulated signal ( u(t) )
u(t) = Ac(cos 2πfct ) + A (cos 2πfct m(t) ) Am cos2πf mt
= 10cos 2πfct + 100 cos 2πfct cos2π500t
= 10cos ( 2πfct + 10sin 2πfmt )
2) power of modulated signal
power of modulated signal μ^2 / 2 ]
= 10^2/2 ]
= 50 watts
3) Bandwidth
B = 2fm = 2 * 500 = 1000 Hz
Write a java program that reads a list of integers and outputs those integers in reverse. The input begins with an integer indicating the number of integers that follow. For coding simplicity, follow each output integer by a comma, including the last one. Assume that the list will always contain fewer than 20 integers.
Ex: If the input is:
5 2 4 6 8 10
the output is:
10,8,6,4,2,
To achieve the above, first read the integers into an array. Then output the array in reverse.
Answer:
Explanation:
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
int Go()
{
int N;
int A[20];
cout << " How many integers do you have ??? :>";
cin >> N;
if (N>20) { N=20; }
for (int iLoop=0; iLoop<N; iLoop++)
{
cout << "Input integer # " << (iLoop+1) << " :>";
cin >> A[iLoop];
}
for (int iLoop=N-1; iLoop>=0; iLoop--)
{
cout << A[iLoop] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
Go();
}
A Java program that reads a list of integers and outputs them in reverse is written as,
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
// Read the number of integers
int numIntegers = scnr.nextInt();
// Create an array to store the integers
int[] integers = new int[numIntegers];
// Read the integers into the array
for (int i = 0; i < numIntegers; i++) {
integers[i] = scnr.nextInt();
}
// Output the integers in reverse order
for (int i = numIntegers - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(integers[i]);
// Add comma unless it's the last integer
if (i > 0) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
System.out.println(); // Add a new line at the end
}
}
Given that,
Write a Java program that reads a list of integers and outputs those integers in reverse.
Here, The input begins with an integer indicating the number of integers that follow.
For coding simplicity, follow each output integer by a comma, including the last one.
So, A Java program that reads a list of integers and outputs them in reverse:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
// Read the number of integers
int numIntegers = scnr.nextInt();
// Create an array to store the integers
int[] integers = new int[numIntegers];
// Read the integers into the array
for (int i = 0; i < numIntegers; i++) {
integers[i] = scnr.nextInt();
}
// Output the integers in reverse order
for (int i = numIntegers - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
System.out.print(integers[i]);
// Add comma unless it's the last integer
if (i > 0) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
System.out.println(); // Add a new line at the end
}
}
Read more about java programming language at:
brainly.com/question/2266606
#SPJ4
(Count the occurrences of words in a text file) Rewrite Listing 21.9 to read the text from a text file. The text file is passed as a command-line argument. Words are delimited by whitespace characters, punctuation marks (, ; . : ?), quotation marks (' "), and parentheses. Count the words in a case-sensitive fashion (e.g., consider Good and good to be the same word). The words must start with a letter. Display the output of words in alphabetical order, with each word preceded by the number of times it occurs.
I ran my version of the program solution on its own Java source file to produce the following sample output:
C:\Users\......\Desktop>java CountOccurrenceOfWords CountOccurrenceOfWords.java
Display words and their count in ascending order of the words
1 a
1 alphabetical
1 an
2 and
3 args
2 as
1 ascending
1 catch
1 class
4 count
2 countoccurrenceofwords
1 create
1 display
1 else
3 entry
3 entryset
2 ex
1 exception
1 exit
1 file
2 filename
3 for
1 fullfilename
3 get
1 getkey
1 getvalue
1 hasnext
1 hold
5 i
3 if
2 import
2 in
3 input
2 int
1 io
3 java
6 key
3 length
2 line
1 main
3 map
1 matches
3 new
1 nextline
1 null
1 of
2 order
3 out
3 println
1 printstacktrace
2 public
2 put
2 scanner
1 set
1 split
1 static
5 string
4 system
2 the
1 their
1 to
1 tolowercase
2 tree
6 treemap
2 trim
1 try
1 util
1 value
1 void
1 while
9 words
C:\Users\......\Desktop>
Answer:
Explanation:
The following is written in Java. It uses File input, to get the file and read every line in the file. It adds all the lines into a variable called fullString. Then it uses regex to split the string into separate words. Finally, it maps the words into an array that counts all the words and how many times they appear. A test case has been created and the output can be seen in the attached image below. Due to technical difficulties I have added the code as a txt file below.
When implementing a 1:1 relationship, where should you place the foreign key if one side is mandatory and one side is optional? Should the foreign key be mandatory or optional?
Answer:
When implementing a 1:1 relationship, the foreign key should be placed on the optional side if one side is mandatory and one side is optional.
When this is implemented, the foreign key should be made mandatory.
Explanation:
A foreign key (FK) is a primary key (PK) in relational databases. It is used to establish a relationship with a table that has the same attribute with another table in the database. A mandatory relationship exists when the foreign key depends on the parent (primary key) and cannot exist without the parent. A one-to-one relationship exists when one row in a data table may be linked with only one row in another data table.
Consists of forging the return address on an email so that the message appears to come from someone other than the actual sender:_____.
A. Malicious code.
B. Hoaxes.
C. Spoofing.
D. Sniffer.
Answer:
C. Spoofing.
Explanation:
Cyber security can be defined as preventive practice of protecting computers, software programs, electronic devices, networks, servers and data from potential theft, attack, damage, or unauthorized access by using a body of technology, frameworks, processes and network engineers.
Some examples of cyber attacks are phishing, zero-day exploits, denial of service, man in the middle, cryptojacking, malware, SQL injection, spoofing etc.
Spoofing can be defined as a type of cyber attack which typically involves the deceptive creation of packets from an unknown or false source (IP address), as though it is from a known and trusted source. Thus, spoofing is mainly used for the impersonation of computer systems on a network.
Basically, the computer of an attacker or a hacker assumes false internet address during a spoofing attack so as to gain an unauthorized access to a network.
3. Circular, array-backed queue In the following class, which you are to complete, the backing array will be created and populated with Nones in the __init__ method, and the head and tail indexes set to sentinel values (you shouldn't need to modify __init__). Enqueuing and Dequeuing items will take place at the tail and head, with tail and head tracking the position of the most recently enqueued item and that of the next item to dequeue, respectively. To simplify testing, your implementation should make sure that when dequeuing an item its slot in the array is reset to None, and when the queue is emptied its head and tail attributes should be set to -1.
Answer:
#Implementation of Queue class
class Queue
#Implementation of _init_
def _init_(self, limit=10):
#calculate the self.data
self.data = [None] * limit
self.head = -1
self.tail = -1
#Implementation of enqueue function
def enqueue(self, val):
#check self.head - self.tail is equal to 1
if self.head - self.tail == 1:
raise NotImplementedError
#check len(self.data) - 1 is equal to elf.tail
if len(self.data) - 1 == self.tail and self.head == 0:
raise NotImplementedError
#check self.head is equal to -1
if self.head == -1 and self.tail == -1:
self.data[0] = val
self.head = 0
self.tail = 0
else:
#check len(self.data) - 1 is equal to self.tail
if len(self.data) - 1 == self.tail and self.head != 0:
self.tail = -1
self.data[self.tail + 1] = val
#increment the self.tail value
self.tail = self.tail + 1
#Implementation of dequeue method
def dequeue(self):
#check self.head is equal to self.tail
if self.head == self.tail:
temp = self.head
self.head = -1
self.tail = -1
return self.data[temp]
#check self.head is equal to -1
if self.head == -1 and self.tail == -1:
#raise NotImplementedError
raise NotImplementedError
#check self.head is not equal to len(self.data)
if self.head != len(self.data):
result = self.data[self.head]
self.data[self.head] = None
self.head = self.head + 1
else:
# resetting head value
self.head = 0
result = self.data[self.head]
self.data[self.head] = None
self.head = self.head + 1
return result
#Implementation of resize method
def resize(self, newsize):
#check len(self.data) is less than newsize
assert (len(self.data) < newsize)
newdata = [None] * newsize
head = self.head
current = self.data[head]
countValue = 0
#Iterate the loop
while current != None:
newdata[countValue] = current
countValue += 1
#check countValue is not equal to 0
if countValue != 0 and head == self.tail:
break
#check head is not equal to
#len(self.data) - 1
if head != len(self.data) - 1:
head = head + 1
current = self.data[head]
else:
head = 0
current = self.data[head]
self.data = newdata
self.head = 0
self.tail = countValue - 1
#Implementation of empty method
def empty(self):
#check self.head is equal to -1
# and self.tail is equal to -1
if self.head == -1 and self.tail == -1:
return True
return False
#Implementation of _bool_() method
def _bool_(self):
return not self.empty()
#Implementation of _str_() method
def _str_(self):
if not (self):
return ''
return ', '.join(str(x) for x in self)
#Implementation of _repr_ method
def _repr_(self):
return str(self)
#Implementation of _iter_ method
def _iter_(self):
head = self.head
current = self.data[head]
countValue = 0
#Iterate the loop
while current != None:
yield current
countValue += 1
#check countValue is not equal to zero
#check head is equal to self.tail
if countValue != 0 and head == self.tail:
break
#check head is not equal to len(self.data) - 1
if head != len(self.data) - 1:
head = head + 1
current = self.data[head]
else:
head = 0
current = self.data[head
Explanation:-
Output:
Discuss why databases are important in accounting information systems. Describe primary and foreign keys, normalization and database cardinalities. Why are each important to the database design
Answer:
ensure integrity. primary key is unique key..foreign key is to connect 2 table.normalization to ensure you keep track on what you should do to create db..
8.7 LAB: Instrument information (derived classes)
Given main() and the Instrument class, define a derived class, StringInstrument, for string instruments.
Ex. If the input is:
Drums
Zildjian
2015
2500
Guitar
Gibson
2002
1200
6
19
the output is:
Instrument Information:
Name: Drums
Manufacturer: Zildjian
Year built: 2015
Cost: 2500
Instrument Information:
Name: Guitar
Manufacturer: Gibson
Year built: 2002
Cost: 1200
Number of strings: 6
Number of frets: 19
Answer:
Explanation:
Using the main() and Instrument class which can be found online. We can create the following StringInstrument class that extends the Instrument class itself. The only seperate variables that the StringInstrument class posses' would be the number of Strings (numStrings) and the number of frets (numFrets). Due to technical difficulties I have added the code as a seperate text file below.
Write a main function that declares an array of 100 ints. Fill the array with random values between 1 and 100.Calculate the average of the values in the array. Output the average.
Answer:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int avg = 0;
int sum =0;
int x=0;
/* Array- declaration – length 4*/
int num[4];
/* We are using a for loop to traverse through the array
* while storing the entered values in the array
*/
for (x=0; x<4;x++)
{
printf("Enter number %d \n", (x+1));
scanf("%d", &num[x]);
}
for (x=0; x<4;x++)
{
sum = sum+num[x];
}
avg = sum/4;
printf("Average of entered number is: %d", avg);
return 0;
}
what is the data type name for integer?
Answer:
the data type name for integer is int
Hope This Helps!!!
Explanation:
the integer data type ( int ) is used to represent whole numbers that can be stored within 32-bits. The big integer data type ( bigint ) is used to represent whole numbers that are outside the range of the integer data type and can be stored within 64 bits.The correct order to follow for a technology awareness strategy is ____________________. Group of answer choices
Answer:
a. Determine your needs
b. make the Assessments of the resources available to you,
c. do a ranking of the resources in order of their usefulness to you,
d. create or allow the time to make use of the resources.
Explanation:
technology strategy is a concept that gives the important elements of a department and how these elements can interact with each other in order to get the continuous value.
The correct order is to first determine what your needs are, then you carry out an assessment of all the resources that you have at your disposal, then you rank these resources from the most useful to the least and the last is for you to create the time that you would have to use these resources.
describe the evolution of computers.
Answer:
First remove ur mask then am to give you the evolutions
shooting phases in film and video editing
Answer:
Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and pre-production, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and an exhibition.
why concurrency control is needed in transaction.
And why Acid properties in transaction is important.
Explanation:
Concurrency Control in Database Management System is a procedure of managing simultaneous operations without conflicting with each other. It ensures that Database transactions are performed concurrently and accurately to produce correct results without violating data integrity of the respective Database.And The ACID properties, in totality, provide a mechanism to ensure correctness and consistency of a database in a way such that each transaction is a group of operations that acts a single unit, produces consistent results, acts in isolation from other operations and updates that it makes are durably stored.
Write a program that uses a stack to test input strings to determine whether they are palindromes. A palindrome is a sequence of characters that reads the same as the sequence in reverse; for example, noon.
Answer:
Here the code is given as follows,
Explanation:
def isPalindrome(x):
stack = []
#for strings with even length
if len(x)%2==0:
for i in range(0,len(x)):
if i<int(len(x)/2):
stack.append(x[i])
elif stack.pop()!=x[i]:
return False
if len(stack)>0:
return false
return True
#for strings with odd length
else:
for i in range(0,len(x)):
if i==int(len(x)/2):
continue
elif i<int(len(x)/2):
stack.append(x[i])
elif stack.pop()!=x[i]:
return False
if len(stack)>0:
return false
return True
def main():
while True:
string = input("Enter a string or Return to quit: ")
if string == "":
break
elif isPalindrome(string):
print("It's a palindrome")
else:
print("It's not a palindrome")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
State three advantages associated with the use of diskettes in computers
convert FA23DE base 16 to octal
kxjhdjshdjdjrhrjjd
snsjjwjsjsjjsjejejejd
s
shsjskkskskskekkes
slskekskdkdksksnsjs
djmsjs
s JM jsmsjjdmssjsmjdjd s
jsmsjjdmssjsmjdjd
HS shhsys
s
s
sujdjdjd s
sujdjdjd
syshdhjdd
Answer:
764217360
Explanation:
You've arrived on site to a WAN installation where you will be performing maintenance operations. You have been told the WAN protocol in use allows multiple Layer 3 protocols and uses routers that use labels in the frame headers to make routing decisions. What WAN technology is in use
Answer:
The answer is "MPLS".
Explanation:
The MPLS stands for Multiprotocol Label Switching. This packet switching method facilitates the generation of easier personal backbones using a less physical channel, which sends information from one source to its destination with labels rather than IP addresses. Many of these WAN services are sold through huge companies. It is also a technology for data transfer that boosts speed and regulates network traffic flow. The information is directed with this technology via a label rather than needing complicated surveys at every stop in a route cache.