Answer: cutting
Explanation:
The example of sexual reproduction in plants, excluding other methods such as cutting, tissue culture, and cloning, is "sporulation."
Sexual reproduction in plants involves the fusion of male and female gametes, which leads to the production of seeds. Sporulation, on the other hand, is a form of asexual reproduction in plants. It involves the production of spores, which are specialized cells capable of developing into new individuals without the need for fertilization. Sporulation is commonly observed in ferns, mosses, and some fungi.
Cutting, tissue culture, and cloning are all methods of asexual reproduction in plants. Cutting involves taking a part of a plant, such as a stem or leaf, and inducing it to develop roots and grow into a new individual. Tissue culture refers to the process of growing plant tissues in a laboratory setting, often from small explants, and encouraging their development into complete plants. Cloning, similarly, involves the replication of an individual plant by taking a piece of tissue and propagating it to create genetically identical copies.
In summary, while cutting, tissue culture, and cloning are examples of asexual reproduction in plants, sporulation is a distinct process that occurs in certain plants and fungi, involving the production of spores rather than the fusion of gametes.
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Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below and on your knowledge
of Earth science. The diagram represents the expansion of a portion of the universe from its
origin until the present. The timeline represents billions of years. Letter X indicates two
celestial objects.
Timeline (billion years ago)
Present T
5-
10-
Origin of
Universe
15-
1. Two pieces of evidence that support the theory that the universe is expanding are the
A) red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
B) red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background
radiation
C) blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of nuclear fusion
D) blue shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background
radiation
polestial objects labeled X are
The two pieces of evidence that support the theory of the expanding universe are the red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background radiation.
The correct answer is option B.
1. Red shift of light from distant stars: The observation of redshift in the light coming from distant galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Redshift occurs when the light waves from an object moving away from an observer are stretched, causing a shift towards longer wavelengths. This phenomenon is consistent with the Doppler effect, where the wavelength of light appears to stretch as the source moves away. The redshift of light from distant stars indicates that galaxies are moving away from us and from each other, supporting the idea that the universe is expanding.
2. Existence of cosmic background radiation: The discovery of cosmic background radiation further supports the theory of the expanding universe. Cosmic background radiation is a faint, uniform microwave radiation that permeates the entire universe. It is believed to be residual radiation from the Big Bang, the initial event that is thought to have initiated the expansion of the universe. The presence of cosmic background radiation provides strong evidence for the hot, dense early stages of the universe and its subsequent expansion.
Based on the information provided in the diagram, it is not possible to determine the identity or nature of the celestial objects labeled X. The diagram only represents the expansion of the universe over time and does not provide specific details about individual celestial objects.
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