An electrolytic cell is a cell in which an electric current drives a no spontaneous reaction.
What is electrolytic cell?
Any apparatus in which excess electricity is changed into chemical energy or conversely is an electrolytic cell. Such a cell normally includes two electrodes, which can be metal or electrical conductors, kept apart from one another and in interface with an electrolyte (q.v. ), which is commonly an ionic compound that has been dissolved or fused.
For instance, water can be electrolyzed to create gaseous oxygen and gaseous hydrogen with the use of an electrolytic cell.
Electrical energy is transformed into chemical energy in an electrolytic cell. Electricity is generated in this situation as a result of a spontaneous redox reaction. Electricity must be provided to start the redox reaction because it is not spontaneous.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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Balance the reaction for the combustion of heptane:
?C7H16+?O2??CO2+?H2O
Enter the four coefficients in order, separated by commas (e.g., 1,2,3,4), where 1 indicates the absence of a coefficient.
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion reaction of heptane is:
[tex]C_7H_16+11O_2\longrightarrow 7CO_2+8H_2O[/tex]
What is the balanced chemical equation?The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each type of element is equal on the reactant, as well as the product side of the equation, is known as a balanced chemical equation.
From the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the elements on either side of the equation must be equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Given the combustion reaction of heptane can be represented as:
[tex]C_7H_16+11O_2\longrightarrow 7CO_2+8H_2O[/tex]
Therefore, the coefficients required to balance the chemical equation are 1, 11, 7, and 8.
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Produces pyruvate. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. The overall equation for the reaction is acetyl coa is the main form in which carbon compounds enter the.
The Glycolysis produces pyruvate.
What is pyruvate?
Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule which is the end product of glycolysis, the first step in the breakdown of glucose for energy. It is also the starting point for the Krebs cycle, the second stage of cellular respiration. Pyruvate is formed from the cleavage of the six-carbon sugar molecule, glucose, and is then further oxidized to form acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. The enzymes responsible for pyruvate production are known as pyruvate kinases and are found in most eukaryotic cells. Pyruvate is an important molecule in the production of energy within the cell, as it acts as both a source of energy and a precursor to other metabolic pathways. Additionally, pyruvate is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, and other biomolecules. Pyruvate is also used in the fermentation process to produce lactic acid and ethanol.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme is part of the multienzyme PDC, which catalyzes the physiologically irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and is often referred to as a 'gatekeeper' in the oxidation of carbohydrate.
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What mass of magnesium bromide is formed when 1 g of magnesium reacts with 5g of bromine.
The 5.76 grams of MgBr₂ produced from the reaction of bromine and magnesium.
Balanced chemical equation
Mg + Br₂ ⇒MgBr₂
Number of moles of Mg and Br₂ present
n(Mg) = 1/24.3 = 0.0412 mol
n(Br₂) = 5/159.8 = 0.0313 mol
Checking the limiting reagent in the reaction.
Magnesium and Bromine react in 1:1 ratio
Then Limiting reagent will be bromine. The values of bromine will be used to calculate amount of magnesium bromide(Molar mass =5.76g).
0.0313 x 184.1 = 5.76 grams.
Hence, 0.0313 mole of bromine will produce 5.76 grams of magnesium bromide.
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predict the major product for the reaction shown.
The product of the reaction is m-nitrobenzaldehyde, option B.
What is m-nitrobenzaldehyde?M-nitrobenzaldehyde, also known as meta-nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound that contains a nitro-group which is meta substituted to an aldehyde. It is soluble in water at 2.34 mg/ml and a temperature of 25° C. It is also soluble in ethanol, benzene and slightly in ether. M-nitrobenzaldehyde production process is prepared by nitration.
The carboxylic group is meta directing and has an ortho-para deactivating group therefore, during nitration of benzaldehyde, meta position gains an attachment from the nitro group forming m-nitrobenzaldehyde as product.
The full question is:
Predict the major product for the reaction shown.
a. o-cyanonitrobenzene & p-cyanonitrobenzene
b. m-nitrobenzaldehyde
c. o-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid & p-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
d. m-cyanonitrobenzenesulphonic acid
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If the reaction of 150. G of ammonia with 150. G of oxygen gas yields 87. G of nitric oxide (no), what is the percent yield of this reaction?.
The percentage yield of the given reaction is 77.33%.
What is percentage yield?
Reactants frequently produce fewer product quantities than predicted by the chemical reaction's formula. The percentage of a theoretical yield that's been produced in a reaction is calculated using the percent yield formula. Working through a stoichiometry problem yields the theoretical yield, which is the ideal quantity of the final product. The actual yield is determined by calculating the volume of the product formed. We can determine the percentage yield by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield.
Moles is calculated by using the formula:
Moles of Ammonia:
Given mass of ammonia = 150g
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Moles of Oxygen
Given mass of oxygen = 150g
Molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
For the given chemical equation:
By Stoichiometry,
5 moles of oxygen reacts with 4 moles of ammonia.
So, 4.6875 moles of oxygen will react with = of ammonia
As, moles of ammonia required is less than the calculated moles. Hence, ammonia is present in excess and is termed as excess reagent.
Therefore, oxygen is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of products.
By Stoichiometry of the given reaction:
5 moles of oxygen gas produces 4 moles of nitric oxide
So, 4.6875 moles of oxygen gas will produce = of nitric oxide
Now, to calculate the theoretical amount of nitric oxide, we use equation 1: Molar mass of nitric oxide = 30 g/mol
Given mass of nitric oxide = 112.5 g
Now, to calculate the percentage yield, we use the formula:
Experimental yield = 87 g
Theoretical yield = 112.5 g
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the percentage yield of the given reaction is 77.33%.
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patterns of reactivity quick check
Reactivity decreases as you move from left to right. The farther to the left and down the periodic chart you move, easier it is for electrons to be given or taken away, hence resulting in higher reactivity.
What is the pattern of reactivity in periodic table?Reactivity decreases as we move down the column. As you learn more about the table, you will be able to find that this pattern is true for other families.
The atoms get bigger, as the atomic number increases. The chemical properties change slightly when compared to the element right above them on the table. The non-metal elements in Group 7 that are known as the halogens, get less reactive as you move to the down of the group.
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Which of the following types of infiltration techniques does one open up to by posting sensitive personal information and details about one's workplace on social networking sites? Password theft Social engineering Physical threats Phishing Virus infections
Social engineering types of infiltration techniques does one open up to by posting sensitive personal information and details about one's workplace on social networking sites.
What is the which means social engineering?
Social engineering is an assault vector that is predicated closely on human interplay and frequently includes manipulating human beings into breaking regular safety techniques and satisfactory practices to benefit unauthorized get entry to systems, networks or bodily places or for economic benefit.
Is social engineering a cybercrime?
Social engineering is a manipulation approach that exploits human blunders to benefit personal information, get right of entry to, or valuables. In cybercrime, these “human hacking” scams generally tend to trap unsuspecting customers into exposing data, spreading malware infections, or giving get right of entry to constrained systems.
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nh2ch2co2h lewis structure
The Lewis structure of the compound is shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is Lewis structure?We know that the Lewis structure shows us what a compound looks like. The two parts of the Lewis structure would include the symbol of the element as well as the electron dots that can be used to show the number of valence electrons. This is why we call the Lewis structire the Lewis dot structure of a compound.
We can see that the compound here has an amine group as well as a carboxylic group and the Lewis structure would tell us the number of electron pairs that we have on the valence shell of each of the atoms.
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If 3.45 l of a 0.35 m h3po4 to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 l, what is the concentration of the resulting solution
When 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
The concentration of H₃PO₄ can be calculated as follows:
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by simply mixing the solute with more solvent by adding water to the solution.
The formula (M1V1=M2V2) represents the dilution formula in chemistry.
M1V1=M2V2
3.45 L x 0.35 M = M2 X 10.00 L
M2 = 3.45 L x 0.35 M
10.00 L
M2 = 0.1207 M
Therefore, when 3.45 L of a 0.35 M H₃PO₄ to be diluted to a volume of 10.00 L, The concentration of H₃PO₄ resulted is 0.1207 M
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If an element has an atomic number of 15 then (a) the atomic mass must also be 15 (b) the atom has 15 electrons (c) there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell (d) the atom has 15 neutrons (e) the atom must have only one orbital
Answer:
if an element has atomic number of 15 then the atom has 15 electrons also.
Option (b)
Explanation:
remember the atomic number of an element is also the number of protons of that element, we know that protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge and electrons have a negative charge.
we also know that an element is atomically neutral, meaning it overall has no charge, this is because the positive proton attracts a negative electron and hence their charges cancel off.
this is why in all elements, the atomic number(proton number) will always be equal to the electron number.
Note the neutron number cannot be predicted this way, as far as I know, the neutron purpose is mainly to add Mass to the atom so that it can be more stable, though often times the neutron number is similar to the proton number also. You're not required to learn off atomic masses as far as I know because it will be given to you in the exams
how is the HFusion used to calculate the mass of solid that 1kJ of energy will melt?
The equation to use Hfusion to calculate the energy needed to melt a mass of solid is Grams solid × mol/g × H fusion
what is Hfusion?
The heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to turn 1 g of solid into a liquid without causing a change in temperature.
1Kg×1/H fusion ×g/mol solid
Numerous everyday household products have been produced using the heat of fusion technique, which has numerous other uses. Melting ice into water is the most typical application of the heat of fusion. Manufacturing is where you'll find the great majority of instances of heat of fusion in use. The following examples have been in use for many centuries and are still refined today. Heat of fusion is a necessary step in the production of things such as coins, glass, forged metal, and household goods made from blow-molded plastic.
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which one of the equation pairs illustrates a favorable energetic coupling in a cell? (i.e. one reaction releases sufficient energy to drive the other to completion). select all that apply.
Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.
What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.
If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.
Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)
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A 250-L tank is evacuated and connected to a 50.0-L bulb filled with compressed argon. After they are joined, the pressure in the bulb falls to 2.20 atm. If the temperature remains at 25 °C throughout the process, what was the initial pressure in the 50.0-L bulb?
The initial pressure in the 50.0L bulb is 2.75 atm.
What is Boyle's Law?According to Boyle's law in a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
V ∝ 1/P
PV = constant.
It is given to us, Initial volume(V) = 250L and Final volume(V') = 50.0 L
Say final pressure is P', that implies initial pressure P = P'- 2.20
Now, according to the concept of Boyle's law, PV = P'V'
⇒P' = PV/V'
⇒P' = (P'-2.20)*250 / 50
⇒P' = 2.75 atm
So, the initial pressure in the 50.0L bulb is 2.75 atm.
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h3no lewis structure
Answer:
It is attached below.
Explanation:
The Lewis structure for H₃NO, also known as ammonia oxide or nitroxyl is given in the image.
Count the total number of valence electrons:
Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.
Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons.
Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons.
Total valence electrons = (3 × 1) + 5 + 6 = 14
Determine the central atom:
In this case, nitrogen (N) is the central atom, as it is less electronegative than oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H).
Connect the atoms with single bonds:
Place a single bond (represented by a line) between nitrogen (N) and each hydrogen (H). This accounts for 3 electrons.
Distribute the remaining electrons:
Place the remaining 11 electrons as lone pairs around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule. In this case, nitrogen (N) will have a lone pair, and oxygen (O) will have a lone pair.
Each line represents a single bond, and the lone pairs are represented by pairs of dots or dashes. The hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom, and the oxygen atom has a lone pair.
Hence, the Lewis structure is in the image.
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How Many Carbonyl Groups Are Generated Upon Treatment Of The Molecule Below With Ozone, Followed By Zinc Metal And Water? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 E) 8
The answer will be E if the query is correct. Following the treatment of the molecule below with ozone, zinc metal, and water, eight carbonyl groups are produced.
Exactly what is a carbonyl group?
A double bond connecting a carbonyl carbon atom and a carbonyl oxygen atom makes up a carbonyl group. Two of the six valence electrons that the carbonyl oxygen atom has are shared with the carbonyl carbon atom. Two sets of electron lone pairs make up the four valence electrons that are still present.
How many different kinds of carbonyl groups exist?
Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, esters, lactones, amides, and lactams are examples of compounds that include carbonyl groups..
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why is sulfur bigger than oxygen
Answer:
sulfur is bigger than oxygen because the number of protons that are present in oxygen is 8, while the total number of protons of sulfur is 16 this clearly states that the size of sulfur is lager because of the higher number of protons and more filled orbitals.
How would an increase in temperature affect evaporation?
F) it would end evaporation
G) it would speed up evaporation
H) it would slow down evaporation
J) temperature does not affect evaporation
Answer:
G) It would speed up evaporation.
Explanation:
As the temperature increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.
all tissues consist of two main components,. mention them
All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.
how many atomic orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital? explain. the bonding of three incorrect: your answer is incorrect. atomic orbital(s) on two correct: your answer is correct. different atom(s) will give rise to one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital
There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.
Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.
Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.
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a chemistry student is given of a clear aqueous solution at . he is told an unknown amount of a certain compound is dissolved in the solution. the student allows the solution to cool to . at that point, the student sees that a precipitate has formed. he transfers the liquid to a clean new beaker and throws away the precipitate. the student then evaporates the water from the liquid in the new beaker under vacuum. it weighs . using
The Solubility cannot be calculated.
Solubility indicates the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent at a certain temperature. Such a solution is called saturated. Divide the mass of the compound by the mass of the solvent and multiply by 100g to calculate the solubility in g/100g.
The solubility of ionic solutes does not always increase with increasing temperature. In exothermic solution reactions, solubility can decrease with increasing temperature. The number of moles of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution does not represent the solubility of the solution. They dissolve more readily and solubility increases with increasing temperature.
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hi
i need help with this
The dissociation equations are shown as;
a) [tex]HCl ------ > H^+ + Cl^-[/tex]
b) [tex]H C_{2} H_{3}O_{2} ---- > C_{2} H_{3}O_{2} ^- +H^+[/tex]
C) [tex]NH_{4} ----- > NH_{3} + H^+[/tex]
D) [tex]C_{6} H_{5} NH_{3} ^+ ------- > C_{6} H_{5} NH_{2} + H^+[/tex]
E) [tex][Al(H_{2} O)_6}] ^{3+} ------ > Al^{3+}[/tex]
What is dissociation?The term dissociation has to do with the procedure by which a substance can be broken up into its components. The components of a substance are those that have to come together so as to form the compound.
When the compound is to be broken up, the components that came together to make up the compound can broken up and then we have the original compounds tat we have at the start of the reaction. In this case, the decomposition equations have been shown with the exclusion of water.
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radium-224 has a life-life of 3.66 days. what was the mass of the original sample of radium-224 if 0.0500 g remains after 7.32 days?
Answer: 0.2 g
Explanation:
Describe the orbital diagram of an atom with eight electrons. Explain how this orbital diagram demonstrates Hund's rule.
The orbital diagram of the eight electron atom is shown in the image attached.
What is Hund's rule?The Hund's rule states that the electrons that are found in atom must be filled singly first before pairing can occur. In this case we are dealing with an atom that has a total of eight electrons.
In looking at the orbital diagram, we are going to observe that the five orbitals would first be filed then we would now start to pair the orbitals until we fill in all of the eight electrons as shown in the image attached.
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Answer:
We have an electron that has six electrons, and there are two electrons that singly occupy the 2p orbitals. According to Hund's rule, electrons arise singly in an atom before pairing occurs.
Explanation:
2) Ionic bonding is expected in which of these compounds?
A) [tex]\mathrm{Cl}_2[/tex]
B) [tex]\mathrm{KF}[/tex]
C) [tex]\mathrm{OF}_2[/tex]
D) [tex]\mathrm{HF}[/tex]
E) [tex]\mathrm{H}_2[/tex]
Ionic bonding is expected in KF because in it one is metal and one is non-metal which is essential to form an ionic bond.
What is Ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or among two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the number one interplay taking place in ionic compounds. It is one of the primary styles of bonding alongside with covalent bonding and metal bonding. Ions are atoms (or organizations of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that advantage electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make undoubtedly charged ions (called cations). This switch of electrons is thought as electrovalence in assessment to covalence.
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Insoluble sulfide compounds are generally black in color. which of the following combinations could yield a black precipitate?
a.Na2S(aq)+KCl(aq)
b.Li2S(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)
c.Pb(CIO3)2(aq)+NaNO3(aq)
d.AgNO3(aq)+KCl(aq)
e.K2S(aq)+Sn(NO3)4(aq)
Answer:
the answer for the question is B and E
enthalpy of neutralization to be the most similar to that of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid
Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.
What happens in neutralization?The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.
Why does neutralization take place?Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.
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In the next three problems, we will attempt to solve the problem: What is the standard entropy change for the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature?C (s, diamond) +O2( g)→CO2
For the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature, the standard entropy change is 6.22 J/K mol.
The reaction is given as :
C (diamond) + O₂ -----> CO₂
At room temperature the value of S° is given as follows :
carbon, C = 2.38 J / Kmol
oxygen, O₂ = 205.2 J/Kmol
carbon dioxide, CO₂ = 213.8 J/Kmol
The standard entropy change is given as :
ΔS° = ∑S° product - ∑ S° reactant
ΔS° = ( 213.8 ) - ( 2.38 + 205.2)
ΔS° = 213.8 - 207.58
ΔS° = 6.22 J / K mol
The standard entropy change for the combustion of 1 mole of diamond at room temperature is 6.22 J / K mol.
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Produces pyruvate. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. The overall equation for the reaction is acetyl coa is the main form in which carbon compounds enter the.
Pyruvate is produced by the reaction of a glycolysis. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative of pyruvate to yield carbon dioxide and acetyl coa. Its reaction is given as
Pyruvate+CoA+NAD⁺→acetyl CoA+NADH+H⁺+CO₂
Acetyl CoA→Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis process is defined as the conversion of a glucose(C₆H₁₂O₆) into the pyruvate(CH₃COCO₂H). In the glycolysis reaction, high energy ATP molecules and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is created. The series of ten enzyme-catalyzed process makes up glycolysis.
One of the metabolic route which does not require is glycolysis(In anaerobic conditon, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid). It is occurred in various species, which tells us that it is old metabolic route.
Therefore, the glycolysis reaction produces pyruvate and its complete reaction is
Pyruvate+CoA+NAD⁺→acetyl CoA+NADH+H⁺+CO₂
Acetyl CoA→Citric acid cycle
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how might a natural disaster such as a forest fire affect the elements of the hydrosphere
Answer:
A fire could cause an increase in evaporation of water from surface water near the fire.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Wildfires can compromise water quality both during active burning and for months and years after the fire has been extinguished. Burned watersheds are prone to increased flooding and erosion, which can negatively affect water-supply reservoirs, water quality, and drinking-water treatment processes.
Wildfires can have immediate and long term effects on rivers, lakes, and streams. After burning vegetation, the ground's soil becomes hydrophobic and is unable to absorb any water. This creates what is known as stormwater runoff. Stormwater runoff is rainflow that travels over the surface of the ground.
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A substance has a half-life of 2. 045 minutes. If the initial amount of the substance was 132. 8 grams, how many half-lives will have passed before the substance decays to 8. 3 grams? what is the total time of decay?.
The total time of decay is 8.18 min.
The half life is the time to takes a substance to decay. so, we half to find out the number of half lives that have passed for initial amount of 132.8 g.
number of half -lives amount of substances in g
0 132.8
1 66.4
2 33.2
3 16.6
4 8.3
so. it will take 4 half -lives for the substance to decay to 8.3 g.
the total time decay = 4 × 2.045 = 8.18 min.
Thus, A substance has a half-life of 2. 045 minutes. If the initial amount of the substance was 132. 8 grams, half - life will have passed before the substance decays to 8. 3 grams. the total time of decay is 8.18 min.
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