an ideal otto cycle with argon as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 540 and 2350 r. account for the variation of specific heats with temperature. the properties of argon are cp

Cindy's proposal is unsolicited, the indirect approach.

The inquiry method is characterized as a scholar-centered technique, this is, through this methodology the pupil is capable of constructing their personal way of studying. In this way, the scholar can expand hypotheses, talk with colleagues, and argue standards thru realistic experimental activities.

Inexperienced solvents are environmentally pleasant solvents, or bio solvents, which can be derived from the processing of agricultural crops. Using petrochemical solvents is the key to most people of chemical procedures but now not without intense implications on the environment.

Conceptual techniques: mastering through experience. Gaining knowledge through summary conceptualization by developing techniques and theories. Studying via lively experimentation. Learning via reflective commentary.

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The equation to use Hfusion to calculate the energy needed to melt a mass of solid is Grams solid × mol/g × H fusion

what is Hfusion?

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to turn 1 g of solid into a liquid without causing a change in temperature.

1Kg×1/H fusion ×g/mol solid

Numerous everyday household products have been produced using the heat of fusion technique, which has numerous other uses. Melting ice into water is the most typical application of the heat of fusion. Manufacturing is where you'll find the great majority of instances of heat of fusion in use. The following examples have been in use for many centuries and are still refined today. Heat of fusion is a necessary step in the production of things such as coins, glass, forged metal, and household goods made from blow-molded plastic.

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Neither zinc(Zn) nor cobalt(Co) can be used as an inactive material. Both Zn and Co are active elements and they actively take part in the reactions.

Electrodes are defined as conductors that are used to make electrical contact with a non-metallic part of the circuit. Electrodes are of two types - reactive electrodes and inert electrodes

Reactive electrodes- These are the electrodes which take part in the reaction and can dissolve in the electrolyte. Examples are copper electrode, zinc electrode.

Inert electrodes - These electrodes do not take part in the reaction. Examples are carbon electrode etc.

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The balance equation is [tex]Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag[/tex]

Balanced equation means that the number of atoms in the reactant side and the number of atoms in the product side is equal.

Let's check whether the given equation is balanced or not.

[tex]Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag[/tex]

Reactant Side     Product Side

Cu = 1                  Cu = 1

Ag = 2                 Ag = 2

N = 2                    N = 2

O = 6                    O = 6

From the above equation we can say that all the atoms in the product side and reactant side are equal so this is a[tex]Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag[/tex] balanced chemical equation.

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Question:

Write the balance chemical equation for this statement:

Aqueous silver nitrate reacts with solid copper to form a cupric nitrate solution and silver crystals.

The catalytic triad of serine, glutamic or aspartic acid, and histidine is present in serine esterase's

What is catalytic triad?
A trio of coordinated amino acids known as a catalytic triad can be found inside the active site of certain enzymes. The most typical catalytic triads in enzymes are those in hydrolase and transferase. A typical motif for producing a nucleophilic stains for covalent catalysis is an acid-base-nucleophile triad. A charge-relay network is formed by the residues to polarise as well as activate this same nucleophile, which then attacks the substrate and forms a covalent intermediate that is hydrolyzed to start releasing the product but also regenerate free enzyme. The amino acid serine or cysteine is the nucleophile most frequently, but threonine and even selenocysteine can occur.

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The initial pressure in the 50.0L bulb is 2.75 atm.

According to Boyle's law in a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.  

V ∝ 1/P  

PV = constant.

It is given to us, Initial volume(V) = 250L and Final volume(V') = 50.0 L

Say final pressure is P', that implies initial pressure P = P'- 2.20

Now, according to the concept of Boyle's law, PV = P'V'

⇒P' = PV/V'

⇒P' = (P'-2.20)*250 / 50

⇒P' = 2.75 atm

So, the initial pressure in the 50.0L bulb is 2.75 atm.

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The orbital diagram of the eight electron atom is shown in the image attached.

The Hund's rule states that the electrons that are found in atom must be filled singly first before pairing can occur. In this case we are dealing with an atom that has a total of eight electrons.

In looking at the orbital diagram, we are going to observe that the five orbitals would first be filed then we would now start to pair the orbitals until we fill in all of the eight electrons as shown in the image attached.

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Answer:

We have an electron that has six electrons, and there are two electrons that singly occupy the 2p orbitals. According to Hund's rule, electrons arise singly in an atom before pairing occurs.

Explanation:

Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature is 29,191.25 J.

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without changes in its physical state (phase change). In other words, when heat added or removed from a substance causes a temperature change in it without affecting its molecular structure, it is called sensible heat.

The expression that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where:

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of sensible heat:

Q= 24.2 J/Kmol× 9.65 moles× 125°K

Solving:

Q= 29,191.25 J

Finally, the amount of energy needed is 29,191.25 J.

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Equations 1 & 2, Equations 2&3, and Equations 1&3 illustrate a favorable energetic coupling in a cell.

What is the non-spontaneous reaction?
A nonspontaneous reaction is one that under the specified conditions, does not favour the formation of products. A reaction needs to be endothermic, accompanied by the a drop in entropy, or both to qualify as nonspontaneous. The majority of the gases that make up our atmosphere are a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.

If G is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous and will need external energy. The reaction seems to be spontaneous and will happen on its own if G is negative.

Coupling of reactions-
Equations 1 and 2-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol
∆G total= -21.8kcal/mol( favourable reaction)
Equation 2&3-
∆G2=-14.8kcal/mol, ∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol
∆G total=-11.5kcal/mol(favourable)
Equations 3 and 4-
∆G3=+3.3kcal/mol, ∆G4= +7kcal/mol
∆G total=+10.3kcal/mol(unfavorable)
Equations 1 and 4-
∆G1=-7kcal/mol, ∆G4=+7kcal/mol
∆G total= 0(reaction will be in equilibrium)
Equations 1 and 3-
∆G total=(-7+3.3)kcal/mol
=-4.3 kcal/mol(favorable)

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Ionic bonding is expected in KF because in it one is metal and one is non-metal which is essential to form an ionic bond.

What is Ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that includes the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or among two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the number one interplay taking place in ionic compounds. It is one of the primary styles of bonding alongside with covalent bonding and metal bonding. Ions are atoms (or organizations of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that advantage electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make undoubtedly charged ions (called cations). This switch of electrons is thought as electrovalence in assessment to covalence.

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Acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). As a result, when they combine, they have a neutralization reaction that produces water and sodium chloride.

The pH rises to about 7 as a result of neutralization, which happens when a base and a base combine. It is a useful technique that is applied in daily life, for example when lime is added to acid soils to treat and relieve indigestion. Furthermore, neutralization results in an alkali's pH dropping to about seven.

Taking a base balances out our stomach's excess acid. Due to the formic acid in the ant sting, it can be painful. Using wet baking soda, which really is basic in nature, we can counteract this acid impact and lessen the agony brought on by the sting.

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Connect your responses to the atomic structures shown on the periodic table. Ionic distance. This is due to the fact that as you move to the right on the periodic table, the numbers get gradually smaller.

Its historical use to encourage filling in the gaps left the Mendeleev that led to the discovery of novel, interesting elements with numerous applications in daily life is where its greatest significance resides. Many of the metals and useful substances we now take for given would not have been found without it.

To sum up, the table is crucial because it is set up to offer a wealth of knowledge on elements and their interactions in a single, convenient reference. Even qualities of metals that are yet to be found can be predicted using the table.

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Answer:

It consist of glucose. To be specific, it had two molecules of glucose known as benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid.

Explanation:

Amygdalin is a white, bitter-tasting, water-soluble, glyosidic power, C20H27NO11, usually obtained from bitter almond seeds and the leaves of plants of the genus Prunus and related genera: used chiefly in medicine as an expectorant.  

Now let's go onto the others.

Glucose is a sugar, C6H12O6, having several optically different forms, the common dextrorotatory form (dextroglucose, or -glucose) occurring in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc., and having a sweetness about one half that of ordinary sugar, and the rare levorotatory from (laevoglucose, or -glucose) not naturally occurring.

The benzaldehyde molecule contains a total of 14 atom(s). There are 6 Hydrogen atom(s), 7 Carbon atom(s) and 1 Oxygen atom(s) A chemical formula of benzaldehyde can therefore be written as:C7H6O.

A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN, is called hydrocyanic acid. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, poisonous bas, HCN, having a bitter almond like odor: in aqueous solution it forms hydrocyanic acid.

Thank you,

Eddie

If a liquid is sealed in a container and kept at constant temperature, how does its vapor pressure change over time?

a. It continues to steadily increase.

b. It increases at first, then remains constant.

c. It increases at first, then decreases.

d. It continues to steadily decrease.

Answer

The vapor pressure of the container sealed with liquid will increase first and then it will remain constant when kept at constant temperature.

Explanation

The vapor pressure in the container containing liquid will increase at first then remain constant. This trend of vapor pressure follows because pressure and vapor is generated by heat. Since the heat container is constant as it is kept at a constant temperature the pressure changes accordingly to the temperature and will remain there unless it is released.

Hence, the vapor pressure of the container containing liquid which is kept at constant temperature increases and remain constant.

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In order to secure reliable sources of rubber, tin, rice, scrap iron and liquid fuel, japan decided it must both seize much of southeast asia and attack united states pacific bases in hawaii and elsewhere

When first created, natural rubber, also known as caoutchouc or India rubber, is made of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, along with water and trace amounts of other organic compounds. The top two producers of rubber are Thailand and Indonesia. Elastomers are a category for different types of polyisoprene that are used as natural rubbers. At the moment, rubber is mostly obtained from rubber trees or other sources as latex. Making incisions in the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels is a process known as "tapping," which removes the latex, a sticky, milky colloid. The rubber created from the refined latex is then ready for industrial processing. Latex is allowed to coagulate in the collection cup in major areas.

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Hydrogen and helium are the lightest elements in the periodic table.

translational = 3

rotational = 2

vibrational = 1

Total = 6

Internal energy = 6N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₁ = 3 N kT

At the temperature of 1000K , helium  will have following degree of freedom

translational = 3

rotational = 0

vibrational =  0

Total = 3

Internal energy = 3N  x 1 /2 k T where N is no of molecules

E₂ = 3 / 2 N kT

Ratio =  E₁ / E₂

=  2

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There are two molecular orbitals are needed to form one bonding molecular orbital and one anti-bonding molecular orbital.

Bond orbitals Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed in bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed in anti-bonding orbitals.

Adding up the same number of atomic orbitals gives the same number of molecular orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine to form two molecular orbitals. An anti-bonding orbital is essentially the opposite of a bonding orbital. They form when atomic orbitals combine in ways that lead to almost destructive interference.

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Metallic bonding is described as a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions.

The strength of metallic bonding can be measured via the metal's enthalpy of vaporization.

The enthalpy of vaporization is described as the heat required to vaporize a material at constant pressure.

Metallic bonding is often described as an array of positive ions in a sea of electrons in which the metal is held together by the strong forces of attraction between the delocalized electrons and the positive ions.

The properties of metals that are a consequence of metallic bonding include:

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The Lewis structure of SiF₅ shows that there are 5 single bonds in the compound with no double bonds and the central silicon atom expands the octet since it is bonded with 9 electrons.

Silicon penta fluoride SiF₅ is a covalent compound formed by the sharing of electrons between silicon and fluorine. Silicon is 14th element and it have 4 valence electrons. Thus, it need 4 more electrons to attain octet.

Fluorine is 17th element  containing 7 valence electrons. Thus it needs 1 electron to attain octet. Each F shares their one valence electrons with silicon and Si thus exceeds octet by receiving 9 electrons. All the 5 bonds are single bonds.

The one extra pair of electron make the charge on the central atom. Thus the compound does not obey octet rule.

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The molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

The primary distinction between molar solubility and product solubility constant is that the former refers to the rate of dissolution of a substance per liter of a solution, while the latter refers to the dissolving of a solid in an aqueous solution.

We have, Ksp expression for the SrF₂ = 4.3×10⁻⁹

Ksp = [Sr²⁺] [F⁻]²

4.3 x 10⁻⁹ = (x) × (1.3 x 10⁻²)²

or, x = (4.3 x 10⁻⁹) / (1.3 x10⁻²)² M

or, x = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M

Molar solubility of SrF₂ in 1.3 x 10⁻² M of NaF is = 2.544 x 10⁻⁵ M.

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The first reaction in this case, the conversion of succinate to fumarate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The second reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation and involves the conversion of beta-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

Isocitrate's conversion to -Ketoglutarate in the third reaction falls under the category of oxidative decarboxylation.

The fourth reaction, a succinyl-CoA to succinate conversion, falls under the heading of substrate-level phosphorylation.

The fifth reaction, the transformation of L-Malate to oxaloacetate, falls under the dehydrogenation category.

The sixth reaction, the transformation of fumarate to L-malate, falls under the hydration category.

Redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions are all included in the eight steps of the citric acid cycle. Three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one GTP or ATP molecule are formed during each cycle turn and used later in the process of cellular respiration to create ATP for the cell.

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Reaction time time elapse between stimulation and the start of reaction to the stimulation.

A chemical reaction occurs when one or more chemicals combine to generate one or more new substances. An illustration of this is when iron plus oxygen combine to make rust. Vinegar with baking soda together result in the production of water, carbon dioxide, and sodium acetate. flammable or explosive items.

Chemical processes occur when atoms form or break chemical bonds. Products are the chemicals that are produced as a result of a chemical reaction, whereas reagents are the ingredients that initiate one.

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Answer: 0.2 g

Explanation:

The major organic product obtained by reaction of benzoyl chloride with dimethylamine, (CH3)2 NH is in the figure.

For an organic chemist, a natural product is one this is produced by a living organism. This definition encompasses many compounds already mentioned, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, all of which play an important and primary function in metabolic reactions.

The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, removal reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In natural synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules.

Exceptional chemical compounds used as fuels, insecticides and herbicides, diagnostics and medical devices, vitamins, perfumes, cosmetics, fabric and all styles of excessive-technology materials utilized in televisions, computers and other facts technology, and transportation and area machines are also the products of organic synthesis.

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Answer:

sulfur is bigger than oxygen because the number of protons that are present in oxygen is 8, while the total number of protons of sulfur is 16 this clearly states that the size of sulfur is lager because of the higher number of protons and more filled orbitals.

All tissues consist of two main components: cells and extracellular matrix, consisting of a gelatinous substance called ground substance and numerous different protein fibers.

The enthalpy of formation for C₃H₈ is -394,286 kJ/mol.

Definition of enthalpy of formation

Enthalpy of formation also known as the heat of formation and also called standard heat of formation, enthalpy of formation, or standard enthalpy of formation is the amount of heat absorbed or evolved when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements and each substance being in its normal physical state (gas, liquid, or solid).

The balanced chemical equation describing the heat of formation of C₃H₈.

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

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The volume of gas  is 32.84 L.

given that :

Volume V1 = 90 L

Temperature T1 = 39 °C

pressure P1 = 740 mmHg

Volume V2 = ?

Temperature T2  = 15 °C

pressure P2 = 780 mmHg

according to the ideal gas equation we get :

P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2

V2 = (P1 V1 T2) / P2 T1

V2 = ( 740 × 90 × 15 ) 780 × 39

V2 = 32.84 L

Thus, A ga balloon ha a volume of 90. 0 liter when the temperature i 39 °C and the pressure i 740. 0 mmHg. it volume be at 15. 0 °C and 780. 0 mmHg is 32.84 L

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The given statement is false, as a mole of horses contain 4 mole of horse legs.

The ratio of moles of molecules (or formula units) to moles of atoms can be used as a conversion factor. To create the conversion factor from this equation, write the magnitude on one side of the equal sign in the numerator of the fraction and the other magnitude on the denominator. Note that a second conversion factor can be created by interchanging the spelling of each quantity for the fraction bar. A conversion factor is an expression of the relationship between units used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing the value. The conversion factor (or unit factor) is always equal to 1, the numerator and denominator have the same value, and are expressed in different units.

Start with the number of horses in moles.

As every horse has has four legs. Use it as a conversion factor to convert the moles on the horse to the moles on the legs.

1 mol horse = 1 mol legs / 4 mol legs

1 mol horse × (4 mol legs / 1 mol legs) = 4 mol legs

4 mol legs ≠ 1 mol legs, so this is false.

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The membrane is not associated with any movement of the na or k across the cell membrane Because the concentration of Na+ is higher outside the cell than inside the cell by a factor of 10.

4A.

Initiated by Influx od Na+

When a nerve is stimulated, Na ions enter in to the axon increasing the positive ions inside the axon. This causes reversal of the potential across the membrane. This is called depolarization which travels alsong the length of the neuron. Such a potential difference carried is called action potential. So, it all srats with influx of Na ions.

4B.

Cells of Macula densa are located in the afferent arteriole.

The above is not the right statement. Macula densa are the modified epithelial cells present in the walls of the distal convoluted tubule. It is not present in the walls of the afferent arteriole. Macula densa is sensitive to Na ion concentration. Low Na ions stimulate the juxta glomerulus to release Reinn which increases the blood pressure in blood vessels.

4C.

It represents the driving pressure for blood flow.

Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Where 120 is systolic pressure and 80 is diastolic pressure. The mean arterial pressure indicates the over all blood flow int he cardiac cycle so that the amount of nutrients reaching a tissue can be estimated. It is the average blood pressure in the cardiac cycle in an individual.

4 D

Arteriole diameter.

When the diameter of arteriole increases, there is more blood flowing in to capillaries with force. Because of increased pressure in arterioles, the capillary blood pressure will also increase. Decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure will decrease blood pressure. Interstitial cell albumin levles will not affect the blood pressure in blood vessels. Less arteriole resistance, blood pressure will reduce.

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