Answer the following Critical Thinking Questions. Each answer is worth 5 points, for a total of 25 points.

A particular star is 20 pc away from the Earth, and its luminosity is 160 times the luminosity of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 4000 K. Its absolute magnitude is -0.66. The temperature of the Sun is 5800 K. Explain/show your work.

What is this star's parallax?
What is this star's spectral class?
What is the wavelength at which this star radiates the most energy?
What is this star's apparent magnitude?
What is this star's radius, in solar radii?

Answers

Answer 1
The distance to the star in parsecs is given as 20 pc.

Using the absolute magnitude (M) and apparent magnitude (m) relation, we can find the star's apparent magnitude:

m - M = -5 + 5 log(d)

where d is the distance to the star in parsecs.

Plugging in the values we have, we get:

m - (-0.66) = -5 + 5 log(20)

m = 3.34

Therefore, this star's apparent magnitude is 3.34.

The star's luminosity is 160 times that of the Sun.

Using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, we can find the star's radius:

L = 4πR²σT⁴

where L is the luminosity, R is the radius, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and T is the surface temperature.

We can write the ratio of the star's luminosity to that of the Sun as:

L/Lsun = (R/Rsun)²(T/Tsun)⁴

Plugging in the values we have, we get:

160 = (R/Rsun)²(4000/5800)⁴

Solving for R, we get:

R = 10.7 R⊙

Therefore, this star's radius is 10.7 times that of the Sun.

Using Wien's law, we can find the wavelength at which the star radiates the most energy:

λmax = 2.898 × 10⁶ / T

Plugging in the values we have, we get:

λmax = 724.5 nm

Therefore, this star radiates most of its energy at a wavelength of 724.5 nm.

The star's surface temperature is 4000 K.

Using the Harvard spectral classification system, we can find the star's spectral class based on its surface temperature:

O B A F G K M
50,000 10,000 7500 6000 5200 3700 2400

The star's surface temperature falls in the range of a K-type star.

Therefore, this star's spectral class is K.

Finally, we can use the definition of parallax to find the star's parallax:

p = 1/d

where p is the parallax in arcseconds and d is the distance to the star in parsecs

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