As you read in this chapter, fungi have long formed symbiotic associations with plants and with algae. How may these two types of associations lead to emergent properties in biological communities

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Fungi show symbiotic association with algae and plants. With plants, they thrive as endophytes in a form of the symbiotic association. This symbiotic association results in the emergence of novel characteristics in the world of biology.  

The lichens function as a tool in finding the quality of air, as they grow in the environment containing good air quality. The tolerance towards heat is another characteristic. Some of the endophytes are witnessed in the plants, which grow in very hot conditions.  

At such conditions, no fungi or plant can thrive, however, in the symbiotic association, they possess the tendency to thrive. If one tries to separate them, it results in the death of both.    

Explanation:


Related Questions

Help meeee!!!!
Why is it necessary to check total aerobic microorganisms in microbiological quality control but not to test total anaerobic microorganisms?

Answers

Answer:

While many microbes are harmless to humans, others can cause serious problems. They can spoil food, introduce toxins, cause disease and lead to a host of other problems. The importance of microbiological testing is to quickly identify these contaminants and treat them before they do irreversible damage.

Explanation:

Aerobic bacteria are bacteria that can grow and live when oxygen is present.

Match the terms in column B to the descriptions in column A.

Column A:

1. Connects the larynx to the main bronchi
2. Includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes
3. Food passageway posterior to the trachea
4. Covers the glottis during swallowing of food
5. Contains the vocal cords
6. Indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit
7. Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax
8. Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood
9. Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
10. Pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung
11. Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity
12. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Column B:
a. alveolus
b. bronchiole
c. conchae
d. epiglottis
e. esophagus
f. hilum
g. larynx
h. palate
i. pharyngotympanic tube
j. parietal pleura
k. trachea
l. visceral pleura

Answers

Answer:

1. Connects the larynx to the main bronchi k. trachea

2. Includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes b. bronchiole

3. Food passageway posterior to the trachea. e. esophagus

4. Covers the glottis during swallowing of food d. epiglottis

5. Contains the vocal cords g. larynx

6. Indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit f. hilum

7. Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax j. parietal pleura

8. Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood a. alveolus

9. Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. i. pharyngotympanic tube

10. Pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung l. visceral pleura

11. Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity c. conchae

12. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity h. palate

Explanation:

1. The trachea is between the main bronchi and the larynx. It has semicircular rings of cartilage. The function of this organ is to conduct the air from the larynx to the primary/main bronchi.

2. After the primary (main), secondary, and tertiary bronchi, the terminal and the respiratory bronchioles come. They also conduct the air towards the alveoli so that the oxygen can enter the blood. The diameter of the bronchi terminal is smaller than the bronchi, and the diameter of the respiratory bronchi is smaller than the previous ones.

3 and 4. The esophagus is not part of the respiratory system. It is a tube that belongs to the digestive system since food has to pass through it to go to the stomach. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea, and the epiglottis closes the entrance to the larynx when we swallow to stop food from going to the lungs.

5. The vocal folds are in the larynx. This one is between the trachea and the pharynx. There are two types of vocal folds, the true and the false vocal folds. Both of them vibrate when air passes through them, allowing us to speak and make different tones.

6. The hilum is the lungs section where the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein enter the lung. It is an indention that is in the middle part of the lungs.

7 and 10. The pleura has two sides, the parietal one and the visceral one. The first one is in contact with the lungs and the second one with the thorax's walls. Between them, there is a space called the pleural cavity. The cavity has fluid that allows the movement of the two pleurae. As a result, the lungs can move and fill with air.

8. After the respiratory bronchioles, we have the alveolar duct. The alveolar ducts lead to alveolar sacs. The alveolar sacs has the alveolus. They are thin walls that are in contact with capillaries. When the air is there, the oxygen passes through the thin walls. Then it goes through the capillaries' walls and into the blood.

9. The pharyngotympanic tube is also known as the Eustachian tube. It connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. Its function is to regulate the pressure in the ear.

11. The conchae are in the nasal cavity. They are three projections in the nasal cavity, the inferior one, the middle one, and the superior. Their function is to increase the surface of the nasal cavity so that more air can enter with every inspiration. As they are projections, they modify the laminar airflow producing a turbulent flow.

12. The palate is between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. It has two parts, the soft palate, and the hard palate. The palate helps in the production of certain sounds and divides the nasal cavity from the mouth.

DNA is referred to as a______, meaning that it has
strands that are______together.

Answers

Answer:

molecule

wound

Explanation:

DNA is the chemical name for molecule. The strands wind together and form a double helix.

The answers should be
1. Molecule

2. Wound

You are studying an enzyme that is inactivated by phosphorylation and create a mutant in which the threonine that is normally phosphorylated is replaced with glutamate. Predict the impact of this change on the activity of this enzyme. Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

always active  

Explanation:

Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that consists of the addition of phosphate groups to specific amino acids on the protein. Phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for proteins that are phosphorylated (i.e., in some situations phosphorylation acts to activate protein function, whereas in other situations phosphorylation can inactivate protein function). Phosphorylation modifies the three-dimensional structure of the protein, thereby affecting, for example, the accessibility of the active site of a phosphorylated enzyme to its substrate. Phosphorylation can occur only at the side chains of three amino acids: Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine. In this case, the enzyme is inactivated by phosphorylation on the Threonine residue, so it is expected that the mutant enzyme cannot be phosphorylated, remaining in an active state.

Select the statement about human impact on the environment that is FALSE. The number of humans engaging in a specific activity impacts the severity of the issue. Damaging the environment threatens human and ecosystem health. Pesticide and fertilizer use by humans is particularly damaging to the environment. Urban growth leads to increased waste, which leads to climate change.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is should be True

what is haemopoiesis??​

Answers

Haemopoiesis is from greek meaning “ to make. new blood” •

Explanation:

It refers to the formation of blood cellular. components.

When neuroscientists employ the term "nucleus", they are usually referring to:_____.
​a. a cluster of glial cells in the dorsal-medial CNS.
​b. a neural unit composed of anatomically and functionally related neurons.
​c. a group of homologous ganglia located either in the cortex or in the cerebellum.
​d. cognitively synchronized clusters of apical dendrites anywhere in the PNS.

Answers

Answer:

B. A neural unit composed of anatomically and functionally related neurons.

In a certain breed of dog, the alleles B and b determine black and brown coats respectively. However, the allele Q of a gene on a separate chromosome is epistatic to the B and b color alleles resulting in a gray coat (q has no effect on color). If animals of genotype B/b ; Q/q are intercrossed, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the progeny

Answers

Answer:

12 gray , 3 black, 1 brown

Explanation:

If Q allele of a gene on a separate chromosomes is epistatic to the B (black) and b (brown) color alleles, in cross between two animals with genotypes BbQq produces 12 gray coat color, 3 black coat color and 1 brown coat color animals.

                                        BbQq      x      BbQq

                                   Gray coat        Gray coat

                   BQ                  Bq                 bQ                 bq

   BQ    BBQQ(gray)  BBQq(gray)   BbQQ(gray)   BbQq(gray)

   Bq     BBQq(gray)   BBqq(Black)  BbQq(gray)   Bbqq(Black)

   bQ     BbQQ(gray)  BbQq(gray)   bbQQ(gray)   bbQq(gray)

   bq     BbQq(Gray)   Bbqq(Black)  bbQq(gray)    bbqq(brown)

So the phenotypic ratio is  Gray : Black : Brown

                                        =      12  :      3   :      1

How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs

Answers

Answer: Bacteria gain resistance to drugs because of mutations (permanent and random changes to their DNA) which means they have changed DNA coding, giving them the ability to resist the drug fighting them off. As a result, they survive and reproduce. Over time, more and more bacteria are generated as the DNA code for resistance is passed on over generations. This results in bacteria having the ability to resist drugs. This is particularly prevalent with antibiotics.

Bacteria develop drug resistance through genetic mutations, acquisition of resistance genes, production of inactivating enzymes, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation.

Bacteria can develop resistance to drugs through several mechanisms. One common way is through genetic mutations or acquisition of resistance genes. Mutations can occur in the bacterial DNA, leading to changes in the target site of the drug, rendering it ineffective. Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, allowing the recipient bacteria to acquire resistance traits.

Another mechanism is the production of enzymes that can inactivate the drug. Bacteria can produce enzymes, such as beta-lactamases, that break down antibiotics like penicillin, preventing them from functioning properly. Bacteria can develop efflux pumps that actively pump out drugs from their cells, reducing their concentration and effectiveness. This mechanism helps bacteria evade the lethal effects of antibiotics. Biofilm formation provides a protective environment for bacteria, making them less susceptible to drugs and immune system attacks.

To learn more about Bacteria follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/15490180

#SPJ2

The correct question is:

How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs?

What is a community?
1 all the animals that live in a habitat
2 a single species that lives in a habitat
3 all the species that live in a habitat
4 a population that lives in a single habitat

Answers

Answer:

3. All the species that live in a habitat.

A community is where all the species live in a habitat. Hence the correct option is 1.

A community is an ecological term that encompasses all the different species of organisms that coexist and interact within a specific habitat or geographic area. It includes plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that share the same environment and form intricate ecological relationships with each other.

These relationships can be competitive, predatory, symbiotic, or other forms of interactions that influence the dynamics and structure of the community. Understanding the composition and interactions within a community is vital in studying the biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and overall health of a given habitat.

Hence the correct option is 1.

To know more about community here

https://brainly.com/question/26964485

#SPJ2

For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately _____ml of CO2 to the alveoli.​

Answers

Answer:

For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately __4___ml of CO2 to the alveoli.

Answer:

4ml

Explanation:

For every 100ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 ml of CO2 to the alveoli.

Hope it is helpful....

¿Qué afirmación(es) es(son) correcta(s)?:
a) El dióxido de azufre de la quema de carbón en centrales
eléctricas protege contra la lluvia ácida.
b) Los óxidos de nitrógeno de las emisiones de combustión
provocan el aumento del pH en el agua de lluvia.
c) Una solución ácida de dióxido de carbono en agua de lluvia se
llama lluvia ácida.
d) El dióxido de azufre junto con los óxidos de nitrógeno son las
principales causas de la lluvia ácida.

Answers

Explanation:

jwjejeueuru4ibwsbbefbrvbrbebdbfhhdhdhdbdbdfbd3 eebdddd

Name one geographic region that has few or no fossil primates and explain why.

Answers

Answer:

Australia

Explanation:

Fossils are preserved remains (or mouldings) of ancient living things which are preserved in sedimentary rocks. Primate fossils are generally found along with other fossils, usually in ancient soils that contain information on the conditions under which they were formed. Primate fossils are generally found in tropical and subtropical regions (which represent the natural habitat in which these species live). Primates never lived in Australia, and therefore no fossil primates from this geographic area have been found.

Why should body temperature not be allowed to fluctuate too much? ​

Answers

Answer:

Because that can destroy the helpful enzymes in the body, and therefore cause a lot of problems or maybe cause death

Occurs in mitochondria.
Select one:
a. Both Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
b. Neither Photosynthesis nor Cellular Respiration
c. Photosynthesis
d. Cellular Respiration

Answers

Answer:

d. cellular respiration

Explanation:

mitochondria is where cellular respiration occurs, and photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, so d would be the most reasonable answer.

What variable should Anurag change in his experiment

Answers

Answer:

For geological carbon sequestration, the reaction of aqueous CO2 with silicate rock permits carbonate formation, achieving permanent carbon sequestration.A

Explanation:

Importances of bacteria to humans​

Answers

Answer:

Bacteria are very important to humans, both for good and for bad, due to their chemical effects and the role they play in spreading disease. In their beneficial effect, some bact

Some bacteria are used for the production of antibiotics which is useful to human

Is cell division a continuous process?

Illustrate with an example

Answers

Answer:

Cell division is the means of reproduction in unicellular organisms whereas it is the means of tissue growth and maintenance in multicellular organisms. ... In adults, cell divisions are involved in renewing old tissues rather than growth.,ya it is continuously processing

how much water was retained by soil C​

Answers

Answer:

we dont know sorry but i dont know

What is the function of the mitochondria?
A. Stores the cell's DNA
B. Builds proteins
C. Produces energy for the cell by respiration
OD. Stores the cell's glucose
Reset Selection

Answers

C. Mitochondria is like the power plant of the cell and produces its energy.

Answer:

Produces energy for the cell by respiration

Explanation:

The glucose obtained from food is broken down to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm. This pyruvic acid is broken down into oxygen, water and energy rich ATP molecules in the Mitochondria.

Please help me with these questions
I will mark the Brillianest​

Answers

Answer:

[tex] \pink{\qquad \boxed{\boxed{\begin{array}{cc} \maltese \: \: \: \bf \: see \: the \: picture \: \: \end{array}}}}[/tex]


What component of Earth's atmosphere exists entirely as a result of photosynthesis?
oxygen pas
n mas
O water vapor
O nitrogen gas
O carbon dioxide gas

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide

The last one is correct
Hope its help for your questions

The most basic organization level of life is a ____________. A. membrane B. tissue C. cell D. organ

Answers

[tex]Hello[/tex] [tex]There![/tex]

The answer is...

C. Cell.

Hopefully, this helps you!!

[tex]AnimeVines[/tex]

The meaning of ALARA in radiation?

Answers

Answer:

The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”.

what is osmolarity of mammalian urine?​

Answers

Answer:

The osmolarity of mammalian urine may vary over time. The osmolarity of mammalian urine varies little between species. Mammalian urine is always hyperosmotic to blood. The osmolarity of mammalian urine may vary over time.

Explanation:

I hope it will help you

Carnivore that feeds on primary consumers
Question 3 Multiple Choice Worth 3 points
(01.01 LC)
Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?

Answers

we need the options in order to answer

What would be most likely to happen if some of the proteins Ik one of the photo systems were to change shape due to a drop in cell pH?
A. A decrease in the formation of NADPH
B. An increase in the formation of NADP+
C. A decrease in chlorophyll production
D. An increase in sugar production

Answers

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

If some proteins in one of the photosystems undergo change in their shape due to a drop in pH of cell, they will not perform their activity. Due to this, there will be a decrease in the formation of NADPH ( that is less reduction of NADP due to blockage in the transport of electron).

List some Characteristic of fruits.​

Answers

Answer:

Quality factors for fruits include the following— maturity, firmness, the uniformity of size and shape, the absence of defects, skin and flesh color. Many of the same quality factors are described for vegetables, with the addition of texture-related attributes such as turgidity, toughness, and tenderness.

In this excerpt, a reader can conclude that Lizzie is playful based primarily on her

Answers

Answer:

based on Lizzie's words

Human being get energy from

Answers

Are you asking how humans get energy?
Any food they consume or sleep. Hope this helps
Other Questions
8a^3-36a^2+54a-27-64p^3 Uhm cell parts and functions Which best describes the relationship between the line thatpasses through the points (1, -6) and (3,-2) and the line thatpasses through the points (4,8) and (6, 12)?A. parallelB. same lineC. neither perpendicular nor parallelD. perpendicular what is meant by density A object of mass 200kg is pushed from rest by a force of 500N along a horizontal plane for 5.0 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the object A factory used 99.19 kilograms of tomatoes to make 7 batches of pasta sauce. What quantity of tomatoes did the factory put in each batch? Point T is on line segment SU. Given ST = 4x 4, TU = 4x 10, andSU = 5x + 1, determine the numerical length of TU.Answer: TU = 1. A consumer must decide between purchasing a new television or a new computer. What limited resource is responsible for this trade-off decision? A. The consumer has a different benefit from each possible product. B. The consumer has a limited amount of money available for purchases.2. What resources do consumers typically have in limited supply that forces them to make trade-off decisions in consumption?A. natural resources, land, and laborB. time, attention, and capitalC. time, money, and attentionD. money, labor, and capital Determine whether each sequence is a geometric sequence. If yes, then state the common ratio.5, 10, 15, 20,... 90units needed 8 units per case what's the #of cases & # of additional units A furniture store is having a sale on sofas and you're going to buy one. The advertisers know that buyers get to the store and that 1 out of 5 buyers change to a more expensive sofa than the one in the sale advertisement. Let X be the cost of the sofa. What is the average cost of a sofa if the advertised sofa is $250 and the more expensive sofa is $450 five fold health hazards prevalent in Nepal Start with the number 2380.Divide by 10,The 8 will end up in the _____ place. Spending more money on advertising will make the firms' demand increase shifting to the right (parallel). Therefore, the firms' demand become more elastic at every price level. Providing examples to support your answer. Question 6 of 10What happened as a result of Spain's early exploration of the New World?A. Spain worked with other European countries to set up colonies.B. Spain was able to establish colonies in large areas of bothcontinentsC. Spain was able to keep other European countries from settling inCanada,D. Spain developed good relations with the native populations.SUN If 16.4 grams of calcium nitrate is heated as shown in the reaction:2Ca(NO3)2 -> 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2. Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide produced at STP. please answer this!!! the persona's bag appears to be ............ Analyze one of three poems - "The Lady of Shalott" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson,Sonnet 50 by William Shakespeare, or "Grievance" by Amy Lowell - and then write anew poem that uses the same meter, rhyme scheme, and form as the one youanalyzed. Your original poem should be at least two stanzas long (about 8 lines), orexactly 14 lines if you're writing a sonnet.Your assignment should include the following elements: An introduction paragraph with a hook and a thesis statement about the theme ofthe poem you've chosen to analyze An analysis paragraph that describes the rhyme scheme and meter of yourchosen poem 8 - 10 annotations that go into detail about the poetic elements in your chosenpoem An original poem that follows the same form (sonnet, ballad, or free verse) as thepoem you've chosen to analyze ________=126Fill the blank pls I need it fast