Patients without a left ventricular or ventricular septal defect who have congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA).
RNA is single stranded, yet DNA is double stranded, why?To increase stability, DNA is double-stranded. RNA, on the other hand, is easily destroyed and can afford to be less stable, in part because of its single-stranded structure. The nucleic acid backbone's sugar component is another significant distinction between DNA and RNA.
If RNA had two strands, what would happen?Every live cell considers double-stranded RNA to be foreign and destroys it. When double-stranded RNA is found earlier than expected, RNA interference (RNAi) eliminates any mRNA that matches its sequence. The RNAi response is brought on by the nuclease Dicer, which breaks double-stranded RNA into short segments (siRNA).
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Describe two patterns of complex inheritance and explain how they are different from mendelian.
A male who is colorblind and blooms, as well as a male who is colorblind and a normal female, are two examples of complicated inheritance patterns. There are recessive and dominant genes, according to one of Mendelian's rules. Only the dominant allele will be present if they are combined and generate a heterozygote.
One of the Mendelian laws (the third) states that each gene has both a dominant and recessive allele, and that if these two alleles are inherited together and create a heterozygote (one from the mother, one from the father), only the dominant allele's characteristic will be displayed.
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early hominin species, such as ardipithecus ramidus and australopithecus afarensis, evolved during the late epoch.
The earliest hominin species (such as Australopithecus) evolved during the late Pliocene epoch.
The geologic period known as the Pliocene spans from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago. In the Cenozoic Era, it is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period.
The Miocene Epoch is followed by the Pliocene, which is then followed by the Pleistocene.
Despite being a brief epoch, the Pliocene saw enormous occurrences including the formation of ice caps, the drying of the Mediterranean, and the union of the Americas.
From a biogeographic perspective, this period is distinguished by the dramatically modernisation of animals.
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which of the following is not a step used by cytotoxic t cells to kill infected host cells? view available hint(s)for part e which of the following is not a step used by cytotoxic t cells to kill infected host cells? secretion of perforin secretion of granzyme activation of b cells recognition of infected host cell using its tcr
Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein is not the step used by cytotoxic t cells to kill infected host cells.
What are cytotoxic T cells?
One of the primary categories of immune cells made in your thymus are cytotoxic T-cells. Your helper T-cells trigger the cytotoxic T-cells when you are infected. CTLs work to combat the virus. A crucial component of your adaptive immunity are these T-cells.
Immune cells include cytotoxic T-cells. They eliminate virus-infected cells. Killer T-cells is another term for cytotoxic T-cells.
Cytotoxic One of the three primary cell types produced in your thymus are T-cells. In the front of your chest, there lies a little gland called the thymus. The other T-cell varieties consist of:
Helper T-cells, which stimulate the production of additional immune cells to combat infections.Regulatory T cells that, when necessary, inhibit other immune cells.Function of cytotoxic T cells:
A structure termed a CD8 receptor can be found on the surface of cytotoxic T cells. To determine when healthy cells are infected, the CD8 receptor interacts with molecules on cells known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules.The cytotoxic T-cells are activated when the CD8 receptor detects an infected cell. Cytotoxic T-cells produce chemicals that are intended to eradicate the infection.Hence, Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein is the correct answer.
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Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis by
a binary fission.
b chromosome condensation.
c. forming a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two.
d forming a cell plate across the middle of the cell.
- chromosome elongation.
a retiree, tired of minnesota winters, moves to tucson, arizona. he hopes the warm dry climate will ease his chronic respiratory problems. he soon experiences a new kind of weather, a massive dust storm. with which of the following fungi might he become infected? group of answer choices paracoccidioides brasiliensis coccidioides immitis histoplasma capsulatum blastomyces dermatitidis aspergillus fumigatus
In a massive dust storm, the retiree might become infected with b) Coccidioides immitis.
Coccidioides immitis is a fungus that lives in dry soil. In the scenario mentioned in the question, as the condition of the Tuscon, Arizona are warm and dry, hence in such areas the fungal species Coccidioides immitis will be residing.
In case of a dust storm, the Coccidioides immitis living in the soil will pass into the respiratory tract of the retiree and cause respiratory problems. the fungal infection can be serious as the person would not have been exposed to this fungus before.
The question will correctly be written as:
A retiree, tired of Minnesota winters, moves to Tucson, Arizona. He hopes the warm dry climate will ease his chronic respiratory problems. he soon experiences a new kind of weather, a massive dust storm. With which of the following fungi might he become infected? group of answer choices
a) paracoccidioides brasiliensis
b) coccidioides immitis
c) histoplasma capsulatum
d) blastomyces dermatitidis
e) aspergillus fumigatus
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classify the effector muscle involved in the response to the stretch reflex being tested by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.
Patellar reflex: Quadriceps femoris, Calcaneal reflex: Gastrocnemius and Soleus, Biceps reflex: Biceps brachii, Triceps reflex: Triceps brachii, Plantar reflex: Gastrocnemius, Soleus and Flexor digitorum longus.
A reflex is an uncontrollable movement that happens very instantly in reaction to stimuli. The reflex, which happens through a reflex arc, is an involuntary reaction to a stimulus that doesn't require or receive conscious cognition. Before an impulse reaches the brain, reflex arcs respond to it. examines descending motor pathways, motor nerves, synaptic connections in the spinal cord, and afferent nerves. Reflexes are suppressed by lower motor neuron lesions (such as those that damage the anterior horn cell, spinal root, or peripheral nerve) and are increased by upper motor neuron lesions. The amount of CNS damage may be determined by stimulating the abdominal reflex, which is done by massaging the belly.
The complete question is:
Classify the effector muscle involved in the response to the stretch reflex being tested by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.
(A). Patellar reflex:
(B). Calcaneal reflex:
(C). Biceps reflex:
(D). Triceps reflex:
(E). Plantar reflex:
The options are Quadriceps femoris, Soleus, Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Flexor digitorum longus.
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What type of mutation has occurred in the following example?
A.) frameshift mutation (due to deletion)
B.) nonsense mutation
C.) silent mutation
Use screenshot to answer. Which letter choice is correct? A, B, or C? Thank you
the type of mutation is frameshift mutation. Thus option A is correct.
what is frameshift mutation ?
A frameshift mutation is defined as the process of insertion or deletion of nucleotide base which are not multiples of three.
This is important type of mutation because a cell reads a gene's code in groups of three bases when making a protein.
It is caused by the addition or deletion of one or more base pairs in the DNA of a gene resulting in the translation in an unnatural reading frame from the position of the mutation to the end of the gene.
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The 150-million-year-old Archaeopteryx has many characteristics associated with birds, such as feathered wings. It also has characteristics associated with living reptiles. Which of the following characteristics is present in both Archaeopteryx and most living reptiles?wings supported by elongated fourth digitsclaws on the ends of each digit and a long bony tailthe presence of a beak with no teethlarge size and the ability to fly
The characteristics common to living reptiles and Archaeopteryx are: Long, bony tail and claws on the ends of each digit.
Archaeopteryx is the extinct species that belonged to the genus of bird-like dinosaurs. It is also known by the name Urvogel. Some of its characteristics are: a set of teeth, long bony tail, flat sternum, three claws on the wings, etc.
Claws are the arched narrow structures that emerge out from the digit of birds and reptiles. Claws are useful in the catching, holding and eating of food. They can also be used as protection from the enemies. Birds also used them for walking, perching, and swimming.
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miriadel has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. which of these is a key characteristic of their eating disorder?
As miriadel has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa that is a key characteristic of their eating disorder is that you either eat a lot or not.
Repeated episodes of ingesting abnormally massive quantities of meals in a single sitting. Feeling a lack of manipulate in the course of bingeing — such as you can not forestall ingesting or can not manipulate what you eat. Forcing your self to vomit or workout an excessive amount of to hold from gaining weight after bingeing.
The man or woman frequently engages in both self-precipitated vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, strict weight-reduction plan or fasting, or lively workout to save you weight gain. 4. A minimal common of binge-ingesting episodes every week for at the least three months.
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Which of these are commonly used to cleave peptide bonds in polypeptides?
- 2-mercaptoethanol (β-ME)
- dansyl chloride
- iodoacetate
- sodium dodecyl sulfate
- trypsin
The most often utilised enzyme to break peptide bonds in polypeptides is trypsin.
D is the ideal choice.
What is a common method for breaking peptide bonds?Enzymatic cleavage is frequently used to selectively hydrolyze peptide bonds. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin are examples of proteases that are frequently utilised in the hydrolysis of proteins. Trypsin cleaves at Arg and Lys (Phe and Leu).
How are the peptide bonds broken?Acid hydrolysis can cleave peptide bonds in a non-specific manner or can be used specifically by a variety of proteolytic enzymes that have an affinity for the bonds between particular amino acid residues.
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TRUE/FALSE. he walls of lymphatic capillaries are composed of endothelium. lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable. fluid flows in one direction in lymphatic capillaries. lymphatic capillaries are dead-end tubes.
The walls of lymphatic capillaries are composed of endothelium. lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable. fluid flows in one direction in lymphatic capillaries. lymphatic capillaries are dead-end tubes.
TRUE
What is lymphatic capillaries?
Lymphatic capillaries (CAP-uh-lair-eez), also called lymphatic capillaries, are small blood vessels found throughout the body. A capillary is a small tube with an inner diameter as thin as a hair.
Lymphatic capillaries are similar to capillaries, but larger in diameter and closed at both ends. Unlike capillaries, fluid in lymphatic capillaries can flow, but cannot drain through the cell wall. It can only move forward.
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what is the complete hemoglobin molecule composed of
The complete hemoglobin molecule is composed of the following below:
Polypeptide chains (globins)Heme groupsIron ions.What is Hemoglobin?This is referred to as a type of protein which is present in the red blood cells of almost all organisms and it comprises of heme groups and iron ions which ensures that it functions adequately in the body system.
It has a very high affinity for oxygen and is responsible for binding and transporting it to different parts of the body such as the brain, legs etc so as to prevent cell death which makes it a very important compound in the circulatory system.
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Iron acts as a __________ to many enzymes involved in making amino acids, collagen, hormones, neurotransmitters, and more.
Numerous enzymes that produce amino acids, collagen, hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances also require iron as a cofactor. Iron is a crucial mineral that keeps the body's tissues oxygenated, protects against infections, and functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes.
For the creation of blood, iron is crucial. Hemoglobin, enzymes a component of your blood's red blood cells, and myoglobin, a component of your body muscles, enzymes , both contain around 70% of the iron in your body. Your blood's hemoglobin helps carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues.
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catabolic pathways _____.
include converting complicated molecules into smaller ones through a process known as degradation.
What is the catabolic route used for?Nutrient molecules are broken down into useable forms by catabolic pathways (Food: A, B, C) (building blocks).In the this process, energy would either be released as heat or is stored into usable energy for later use.
What sort of catabolic route is that?The breakdown of food by several enzymes so it can be taken by small bowel is an illustration of a catabolic response.
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The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes the survival of offspring by producing
a. few offspring with high levels of parental care
b. few offspring with low levels of parental care
c. many offspring with high levels of parental care
d. many offspring with low levels of parental care
The survival of offspring by producing few offspring with low levels of parental care.
Is it paternal or parental?Family law is complex, and it's important to understand the distinction between parental rights and paternal rights. Simply put, paternity is the determination of a child's father, while parental rights are given to the legal parents of the child.
Why is parental important in human?The importance of parenting arises from its role as a buffer against adversity (such as poverty or delinquent influences) or mediator of damage (as in child abuse). Parenting usually involves biological parents but is not confined to them. Carers, teachers, nurses, and others fulfil parenting tasks with children.
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If two organisms belong to the same family what other taxonomic groups have in common.
If two creatures belong to the same family, they also share the following taxonomic groups: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, and order. A taxonomy system divides organisms into taxa. They are related if they belong to the same taxonomic group.
Both creatures would share the following classifications: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, and Order. Consider it a Kingdom hierarchy in taxonomic group. which organisms are dispersed according to each group and finally segregated or separated in the final taxonomic group groupings.
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The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to
Remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract.
Remove microorganisms from body cavities.
Kill microorganisms.
Remove microosganisms from the lower respiratory tract.
Transport immune system cells through the body
The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to Remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract.
What influences the mucociliary escalator?
Effective mucociliary clearance relies upon on a variety of things including the numbers of cilia, and their shape specially their height, and the first-rate of the mucus produced those desires to be maintained at an accurate humidity, temperature, and acidity.
What occurs if ciliary muscle mass is weakened?
Reason for disorder of presbyopia is slow weakening of ciliary muscle mass which decreases the power of the attention lens and the capacity of eye lens to cognizance on close to via way of means of in addition to a long way off items is reduced.
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choose all the regions of the cns that the parasympathetic division of the ans arise from. multiple select question. lumbar spinal cord cervical spinal cord sacral spinal cord brain thoracic spinal cord
The regions of the Central nervous system that the parasympathetic division of the automated nervous system arise from are the sacral and spinal cord regions.
What is central nervous system (CNS)?The central nervous system (CNS) is defined as part of the nervous system that is made up of mainly the following:
the brain, the spinal cord, and the neurons (or nerve cells).The central nervous system has a primary function in the body which is to regulate the body physiological processes.
The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system which functions mainly to counteract the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
The parasympathetic nervous system is described as originating in the craniosacral region, that is, from the brainstem and also the sacral plexus.
Therefore, the parasympathetic division of the automated nervous system arise from the sacral and spinal cord regions.
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TRUE/FALSE. when testing waterways for contamination with fecal matter which pathogen is often used as an indicator species
When testing waterways for contamination with fecal matter E.coli is often used as an indicator species.
Define pathogen.
Virulence, the degree to which the disease symptoms are severe, is used to describe a pathogen, which is an organism that causes disease in its host. Viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically varied organisms, make up the diverse group of organisms known as pathogens.
Bacteria known as Escherichia coli, or simply E. coli, are present in the environment, food, and intestines of both humans and animals. There are many different types of E. coli bacterium. While the majority of E. coli strains are not harmful, there are those that can. Some strains of E. coli can cause diarrhea, while others can cause pneumonia, respiratory disorders like flu, and urinary tract infections, among other illnesses.
Stool from people and animals can contaminate groundwater and surface water, including streams, rivers, lakes, and water used for crop irrigation. Even though municipal water supplies use ozone, UV light, or chlorine to kill E. coli, certain E. coli outbreaks have been connected to tainted water supplies.
Private water wells are more of a worry because many of them lack a means of water sanitization. The likelihood of polluted water is highest in rural areas. Some people have contracted E. coli after swimming in lakes or pools that were tainted with feces.
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transduction refers to conversion of
Answer:
one form of energy into another
Explanation:
Fault trees are an approach to hazard analysis that, for each identified hazard, break down that hazard to find how that hazard can occur.The hazard is placed at the root of the tree and the causes of the hazard are identified; Each of these causes is then further broken down and analysed until the fundamental software or hardware behavior that leads to these causes is identified.
Hazards are placed at the root of the tree and determining the cause of the hazard is the correct option for the following hazard analysis questions.
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) explores how selected “top” faults (abnormal conditions) or fault events such as accidental/unwanted releases of hazardous materials can be resolved to their causes. Hazard analysis is defined as the process of gathering and interpreting information about the hazards and conditions leading to their existence in order to determine what is food safety related and must be addressed in the HACCP plan. Hazard analysis is used as the first step in the risk assessment process. The result of hazard analysis is the identification of different types of hazards. A hazard is a potential condition that may or may not exist.
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where would you find iron regulatory protein (irps)? group of answer choices cytosol nucleus mitochondria golgi apparatus
Similar to how iron is imported and transported within cells, mitochondrial iron import and transport are tightly controlled, careful processes intended to prevent undesired.
Which of these are hollow rods that help the cell form and are supported?The third main component of the cytoskeleton, microtubules, are hard, hollow rods with a diameter of around 25 nm. Microtubules are dynamic, constantly assembling and disassembling within the cell, much like actin filaments.
What form does the packaging and modification of proteins take?Figure 1: Proteins are modified and organized for transport within the cell by the Golgi apparatus. In cells, the Golgi apparatus and ER are frequently found together.
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what is the morphology of your bacteria labster
The morphology of the bacteria labster is referred to as a gram-negative bacillus and is denoted as option A.
What is Bacillus?This is used to describe an entire class of bacteria and it is characterized by the rod-shape which can be seen when they are observed under a microscope in the laboratory. They are involved in various purposes ranging from industrial uses to being causes of different types of diseases.
The bacteria which is referred to as labster is unicellular and microscopic in nature and it is also an example of a gram negative bacteria which is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the correct choice.
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The options are:
a) Gram-negative bacillus.
b) Gram-positive bacillus.
c) Gram-positive coccus.
d) Gram-negative coccus.
Anaerobic conditions will most likely be generated in a natural water system with?.
Anaerobic situations will maximum possibly be generated in a herbal water gadget with low degrees of dissolved oxygen (DO) this is infected through pollution with excessive biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values.
The required details for Anaerobic conditions in given paragraph
Anaerobic situations arise while the uptake or disappearance of oxygen is extra than its manufacturing through photosynthesis or diffusion through bodily shipping from the encompassing surroundings. Oxygen is typically fed on through microbial respiratory on account of the provision of natural material. Two examples of obligate anaerobes are Clostridium botulinum and the bacteria which stay close to hydrothermal vents at the deep-sea ocean floor. Aerotolerant organisms, which can't use oxygen for growth, however tolerate its presence. Facultative anaerobes, which could develop with out oxygen however use oxygen if it's miles present.
Most anaerobes require an surroundings with a low oxidation-discount potential (Eh gradient), which may be finished in affiliation with low pH, tissue destruction, byproducts from cardio bacterial metabolism, or low oxygen content.
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social monogamy is characteristic of: group of answer choices baboons chimpanzees orangutans gibbons
Social monogamy is characteristic of gibbons. Monogamy refers to a social group that includes adult men, adult women, and their offspring.
Is monogamy in mammals natural and why are gibbons called monogamous??Of course, monogamy exists in nature, as do women seeking multiple partners. But nature seems to be pushing things towards polygamy in our evolutionary branch. Only 9% of mammalian species are monogamous. Only 29% in primates. Male and female gibbons are considered monogamous. They mate for life, forming families that stay together until the offspring grow up and leave the home. A couple's bond is strengthened by the time they spend grooming each other.Is monogamy a very common social strategy for primates?Monogamous Family Groups: This group pattern is most common in humans, but rare in nonhuman primates. It occurs among small Asian apes and some New World monkeys and monkeys.
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Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?
It can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs.
It is a mechanism for increasing the rate of translation.
It increases the rate of transcription.
It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The processes that may facilitate the synthesis of proteins of diverse sizes and functions from a single mRNA accurately define alternative RNA splicing, hence option D is correct.
What is RNA splicing?An RNA subtype that is found in cells, mRNA molecules, which carry genetic material, is necessary for protein synthesis. They move data from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where proteins are made.
Because alternative splicing causes several forms of mRNA to be produced from a single pre-mRNA.
Throughout this process, exons are connected in a variety of ways, creating a vast range of mRNA combinations. This process produces a variety of proteins from a single pre-mRNA as a consequence.
Therefore, facilitating the synthesis of proteins of diverse sizes and functions from a single mRNA accurately defines alternative RNA splicing, hence option D is correct.
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Skeletal muscle tissue is found near the bones of the skeleton. These muscles are controlled by the nervous system and allow movement to occur. Smooth muscle tissue is predominantly found in the inner lining of many organs, such as the stomach and intestinal tract. Smooth muscle tissue allows organs to contract on their own. Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart. Cardiac muscle also contracts on its own, and it helps the heart beat properly. This information shows that.
Parts of living organisms are organized by their function is the function of Cardiac muscle also contracts on its own, and it helps the heart beat properly.
Myocardium, the middle layer of the heart, is made of cardiac muscle.. The main component of the heart is cardiac muscle tissue, or myocardium. The heart wall is composed of three layers: the inner endocardium, the outer epicardium, and a substantial layer of myocardium (also known as the visceral pericardium).
Adults should have a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute while at rest. An efficient heart and higher cardiovascular fitness are often indicated by a lower resting heart rate. An athlete who has received proper training, for instance, can have a typical resting heart rate closer to 40 beats per minute.
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DNA sequence analysis shows that whales _____ A. have almost identical genomes. B. have less sequence homology between them than horses and cows. C. have a mutation in their limb genes that prevents them from producing limbs at all. D. have more sequence homology with each other than they do with other mammals.
DNA sequence analysis shows that whales have almost identical genomes A.
What is DNA sequence analysis ?DNA sequence analysis can be defined as the process of subjecting a DNA, RNA sequence to any of a wide range of analytical methods to understand its features or evolution. Sequences analysis from different organisms can be compared for evolutionary analysis between species, DNA sequencing can reveal changes in a gene that may cause a disease. One of the common type of DNA profiling today for criminal cases and other types of forensic uses is called "STR" (short tandem repeat) analysis.
Therefore DNA sequence analysis can be used to reveal changes in a gene that may cause a disease.
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which symbol depicts an oxidizing reagent?
An oxidizing agent is usually denoted by the letters "ox" or "oxide". In chemical equations, this symbol is often used to denote substances or conditions that act as oxidizing agents and accept electrons from other species during redox reactions.
A chemical that aids in oxidation by taking electrons from another species is known as an oxidizing reagent (or oxidizing agent). The term "oxidation" describes a process when a substance loses electrons, increases its oxidation state, or experiences a chemical change where electrons are transferred to a different species. Typically, oxidizing agents are chemicals that are reduced during the process. They have a tendency to take up electrons, whatever causes them to take up electrons and become oxidized.
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In the Calvin cycle, ____ and ___ bring chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions. Here, the enzyme ____ catalyzes carbon fixation as a molecule of ____ from the _____ is attached yo a 5-carbon sugar called ____.
In the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH bring chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions for enzyme RUBISCO catalyzes carbon fixation as a molecule of carbondioxide from the atmosphere is attached to a 5-carbon sugar called RUBP.
What is Calvin cycle?Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms.
Calvin cycle is also called light-independent reactions or dark reactions because it does not require light to occur. The light dependent reaction produces ATP and NADPH that serves as energy carrier and electron carrier respectively.
The Calvin cycle occurs in three stages as follows:
In fixation, which is the first stage of the Calvin cycle, CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule.In the second stage called reduction, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P; then ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+, respectively.In the last stage of the Calvin Cycle, RuBP is regenerated, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed.Learn more about Calvin cycle at: https://brainly.com/question/3199721
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