When the actual cost of direct materials used exceeds the standard cost, the company must have experienced an unfavorable direct materials price variance.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The cost was bigger than they had budgeted for, so it was an unfavorable variance.
Members of the board of directors of have received the following operating income data for the year ended: May 31, 2018:
Members of the board are surprised that the industrial systems product line is not profitable. They commission a study to determine whether the company should drop the line. Company accountants estimate that dropping industrial systems will decrease fixed cost of goods sold by and decrease fixed selling and administrative expenses by $10,000.
Requirements:
1. Prepare a differential analysis to show whether Safety Point Safety Point should drop the industrial systems product line.
2. Prepare contribution margin income statements to show Safety Point's Safety Point's total operating income under the two alternatives: (a) with the industrial systems line and (b) without the line. Compare the difference between the two alternatives' income numbers to your answer to Requirement 1.
3. What have you learned from the comparison in Requirement 2?
Product Line
Industrial Household
Systems Total
Net Sales Revenue $340,000 $370,000 $710,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Variable 36,000 46,000 82,000
Fixed 250,000 69,000 319,000
Total Cost of Goods
Sold 286,000 115,000 401,000
Gross Profit 54,000 255,000 309,000
Selling and Administrative Expenses:
Variable 65,000 72,000 137,000
Fixed 45,000 22,000 67,000
Total Selling and Administrative
Expenses 110,000 94,000 204,000
Operating Income
(Loss) ($56,000) $161,000 $105,000
Question Completion:
Safety Point Company accountants estimate that dropping industrial systems will decrease fixed cost of goods sold by $50,000 and decrease fixed selling and administrative expenses by $10,000.
Answer:
Safety Point Company1. Differential Analysis, showing Safety Point Dropping the Industrial Systems Product Line:
Net Sales Revenue $370,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Variable 46,000
Fixed 269,000
Total Cost of Goods Sold 315,000
Gross Profit 55,000
Selling and Administrative Expenses:
Variable 72,000
Fixed 57,000
Total Selling and Administrative
Expenses 129,000
Operating Income (Loss) ($74,000)
2. Safety Point Company's Contribution Margin Income Statements for the year ended May 31, 2018, under the two alternatives:
Without With
Industrial Systems
Net Sales Revenue $370,000 $710,000
Variable costs:
Cost of Goods Sold 46,000 82,000
Selling and Administrative 72,000 137,000
Total Cost of Goods Sold 118,000 219,000
Contribution Margin 252,000 491,000
Fixed Expenses:
Cost of goods sold 269,000 319,000
Selling and Administrative 57,000 67,000
Total Fixed Expenses 326,000 386,000
Operating Income (Loss) ($74,000) $105,000
3. The comparison in requirement 2 shows that eliminating the Industrial Systems Product Line makes Safety Point Company unprofitable with an operating loss of $74,000. This loss cannot be compared to the total operating income of $105,000 which is made with the industrial systems. So, it is not the Industrial System Product line that is causing Safety Point Company to record a loss of $56,000. It is the fixed cost of $60,000 which cannot be eliminated with the elimination of the Industrial System product line that causes the loss and reduces total operating for the company.
Explanation:
a) Data:
Safety Point
Income Statement for the year ended May 31, 2018:
Product Line
Industrial Household
Systems Systems Total
Net Sales Revenue $340,000 $370,000 $710,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Variable 36,000 46,000 82,000
Fixed 250,000 69,000 319,000
Total Cost of Goods Sold 286,000 115,000 401,000
Gross Profit 54,000 255,000 309,000
Selling and Administrative Expenses:
Variable 65,000 72,000 137,000
Fixed 45,000 22,000 67,000
Total Selling and Administrative
Expenses 110,000 94,000 204,000
Operating Income (Loss) ($56,000) $161,000 $105,000
The firm has total fixed costs of $9 and a constant marginal cost of $3 per unit. The firm will maximize profit with a. 9 units of output. b. 15 units of output. c. 21 units of output. d. 30 units of output.
Answer:
b. 15 units of output.
Explanation:
information regarding sales price and quantity demanded is missing, so I looked it up (see attached file):
units sales revenue total costs profits
9 $216 $36 $180
15 $270 $54 $216
21 $252 $72 $180
30 $90 $99 ($9)
Cullumber Corporation had 312,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1, 2017. On May 1, Cullumber issued 29,700 shares.
(a) Compute the weighted-average number of shares outstanding if the 29,700 shares were issued for cash.
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding $
(b) Compute the weighted-average number of shares outstanding if the 29,700 shares were issued in a stock dividend.
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding $
Answer:
a. Issued for Cash = ($312,000 * 12/12) + ($29,700 * 8/12)
= $312,000 + $19,800
= $331,800
b. Issued in a stock dividend: Shares issued in the stock dividend are assumed outstanding from the beginning of the year
= ($312,000 * 12/12) + ($29,700 * 12/12)
= $312,000 + $29,700
= $341,700
Which of the following items would be a way to manipulate the cash flow from operating activities amount on the statement of cash flows?
a.
Adding depreciation back to net income to determine cash flow from operating activities.
b.
Including interest expense and tax expense in the calculation of cash flow from operating activities.
c.
Recording an item that should be recorded as an operating activity as an investing activity.
d.
The cash flow statement cannot be manipulated.
Answer:
C. Recording an item that should be recorded as an operating activity as an investing activity.
Explanation:
Hope it helped
. A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $0.75 at the end of the year. The required rate of return is rs = 10.5%, and the expected constant growth rate is g = 6.4%. What is the stock's current price
Answer:
The answer is $18.29
Explanation:
We have many formulas to arriving at the stock price but here we use Gordon growth model.
Formula for getting stock price is:
D1/r - g
Where:
D1 - is the next year dividend or expected dividend to be paid next.
r is the rate of return
g is the growth rate
$0.75/0.105 - 0.064
$0.75/0.041
$18.29.
Therefore, the stock's current price is $18.29
In determining whether a company's financial condition is improving or deteriorating over time, horizontal analysis of financial statement data would be more useful than vertical analysis.a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True.
Explanation:
In determining whether a company's financial condition is improving or deteriorating over time, horizontal analysis of financial statement data would be more useful than vertical analysis.
In Financial accounting, Horizontal analysis can be defined as an analysis and evaluation of a financial statement which illustrates or gives information about changes in the amount of corresponding financial statement items, benchmarks or financial ratio over a specific period of time. It is one of the most important technique that is used to measure how a business is doing financially. Hence, it is also referred to as the trend analysis.
Under the horizontal analysis of financial statement, we use the financial statements of two or more periods; earliest and latter periods.
Generally, the earliest is chosen as the base period while all other items on the statement for a latter period will be compared with the items on the statement of the base period.
Rent expense of $3,000 is allocated to Department A and Department B based on square footage. Department A has 5,000 square feet and Department B has 2,500 square feet.
The dollar amount of rent expense allocated to Department B is:_______
Answer:
$1,000
Explanation:
Calculation for the Dollar amount of rent expense allocated to department B
Using this formula
Expense allocated to Department B= Rent expense allocated to Department A and B* Department B square feet/Department A and Department B Square foot
Let plug in the formula
Expense allocated to department B =$3,000*2,500/5,000+2,500
Expense allocated to department B= $3,000 * 2,500 / 7,500
Expense allocated to department B =$7,500,000/7,500
Expense allocated to department B= $1,000
Therefore the Dollar amount of rent expense allocated to department B will be $1,000
A company has a net cash inflow from operating activities of $793,000, a net cash outflow of $58,000 from investing activities and a net cash inflow of $100,800 from financing activities. The company paid $128,000 in interest, $188,500 in income taxes, and $204,000 in cash dividends. Which of the following statements about the statement of cash flows is not correct?a. The statement of cash flows will show a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $838, 500. b. If the direct method is used, the $125,000 of interest paid and the $187,000 of income taxes paid will be reported in the cash flows from operating activities. c. The cash dividends of $201,000 paid will be reported as a cash outflow in the cash flow from investing activities section. d. Supplemental disclosures required for a company using the indirect method include the amount of interest and the amount of income taxes paid.
Answer:
Incorrect Statement about the Statement of Cash Flows:
c. The cash dividends of $201,000 paid will be reported as a cash outflow in the cash flow from investing activities section.
Explanation:
Cash dividends of $201,000 will be reported as a cash outflow in the financing activities section and not the investing activities section.
Statement of Cash Flows is broadly divided into three, the operating, investing, and financing activities sections. The operating activities section show the cash flows from the normal business of the enterprise. The investing activities section shows the acquisition and disposal of investments made by the company in cash. While, the financing section shows the inflow and outflow of cash resulting from the funding of the business by stockholders and noncurrent creditors.
Someone offers to buy your car for four, equal annual payments, with the first payment coming 2 years from today. If you think that you could sell your car to another purchaser for an immediate payment of $9,000 and the interest rate is 10%, what is the minimum annual payment that you would accept from this buyer?
Answer:
4i8484884858585848484i
Yan Yan Corp. has a $5,000 par value bond outstanding with a coupon rate of 4.6 percent paid semiannually and 21 years to maturity. The yield to maturity on this bond is 4.1 percent.
What is the price of the bond?
Answer:
Price of the bond = $4,122.36
Explanation:
The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).
Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV
The value of bond for Yan Yan Corp. be worked out as follows:
Step 1
PV of interest payments
Semi annul interest payment
= 4.6% × 5,000 × 1/2 = 115
Semi-annual yield = 4.1%/2 = 2.05 % per six months
Total period to maturity (in months) = (2 × 21) = 41 periods
PV of interest =
115 × (1- (1+0.0205)^(-21)/0.0205)=1,946.47
Step 2
PV of Redemption Value
= 5000 × (1.0205^(-41) = 2,175.89
Step 3:Price of the bond
Total present Value = 1,946.47 + 2,175.89 = 4,122.36
Price of the bond = $4,122.36
Ms. Ray is age 46 and single. Her employer made a $2,730 contribution to her qualified profit-sharing plan account, and she made the maximum contribution to her traditional IRA. Compute her IRA deduction if:
a. Ms. Ray's $50,000 salary is her only income item.
b. Ms. Ray's S64,250 salary is her only income item.
c. Ms. Ray's $64,250 salary and S 7,970 dividend income are her only income items.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Telecom Systems can issue debt yielding 7 percent. The company is in a 30 percent bracket. What is its aftertax cost of debt
Answer:
After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%
Explanation:
The after tax cost of debt is the rate of debt after deducting the benefit from tax savings due to interest payments required by the debt which are deductible before calculating tax. The after tax cost of debt is somewhat an effective cost of debt. It is calculated using the following formula,
After tax cost of debt = Cost of debt * (1 - tax rate)
After tax cost of debt = 0.07 * (1 - 0.3)
After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%
If bookstore ABC Books determines it is going to sell books at its profit-maximizing price of $15 in a market facing monopolistic competition, calculate total profit for the store
ABC Books Revenue and Cost
Quantity Price Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost
0 $26 $0 $325
10 $23 $230 $23 $365 $4
20 $20 $400 $17 $425 $6
30 $18 $540 $14 $505 $8
40 $16 $640 $10 $605 $10
50 $14 $700 $6 $725 $12
60 $12 $720 $2 $865 $14
Answer: $35
Explanation:
Profit will be the Total Revenue less the total costs involved with selling the goods.
Total Revenue at $16 is $640.
Total Cost at $16 is $605.
Profit = 640 - 605
= $35
Note; Your question has $15 as the maximizing price which is not available in the table. It might be a typo so I attached the question.
A 70-year old client wants to invest in U.S. Treasury securities. When performing the suitability determination, the client informs the registered representative that he is looking for after-tax income, liquidity, and to avoid market risk. The registered representative should be LEAST concerned with the:
Answer: client's age
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that a 70-year old client wants to invest in U.S. Treasury securities and that when performing the suitability determination, the client informs the registered representative that he is looking for after-tax income, liquidity, and to avoid market risk.
The client's age should be the least the registered representative should be concerned about. Rather, the representative should be concerned with the coupon of the recommended treasury securities and the tax bracket of the client for tax purposes.
Which of the following statements would best characterize someone who is not culturally competent in working with others from different cultures?a. The person varies the rate of their speaking.b. The person uses facial expressions when communicating.c. The person pays attention to verbal and non-verbal behavior.d. The person fills "silence" during conversations.
Answer: The person fills "silence" during conversations
Explanation:
Culture is simply regarded as people's way of life. The way if life include their food, the kind of music they listen to, their religion, language, their beliefs, values etc.
Someone who is not culturally competent in working with others from different cultures would usually be silent during conversations. This is because the person doesn't know much about the culture and can't really be involved in the conversation.
You are calculating the performance of your project. If the actual cost is $80,000, the planned value is $70,000 and the earned value is $65,000, what is the cost performance index?
Answer:
Cost performance index is 81.25%
Explanation:
Actual cost = $80,000
Planned value = $70,000
Earned value = $65,000
Cost performance index (CPI) is the ratio of earned value to actual cost and can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project.
CPI = EV / AC
= $65,000 / $80,000
= 0.8125
= 0.8125 x 100
= 81.25%
Companies Heidee and Leaudy are virtually identical in that they are both profitable, and they have the same total assets (TA), Sales (S), return on assets (ROA), and profit margin (PM). However, Company Heidee has the higher debt ratio. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?a. Company Heidee has a lower operating income (EBIT) than Company LDb. Company Heidee has a lower total assets turnover than Company Leaudy.c. Company Heidee has a lower equity multiplier than Company Leaudy.d. Company Heidee has a higher fixed assets turnover than Company Leaudy.e. Company Heidee has a higher ROE than Company Leaudy.
Answer:
Correct Answer:
e. Company Heidee has a higher ROE than Company Leaudy.
Explanation:
Return on Equity, (ROE) is a ratio that provides investors with insight into how efficiently a company and more specifically, its management team is handling the money that shareholders have contributed to it. That is, it measures the profitability of a corporation in relation to stockholders' equity.
Company Heidee has the higher debt ratio shows that the ROE is very high. This shows that the investors money in Company Heidee is well managed in the business.
g Mason Company paid its annual property taxes of $240,000 on February 15, 20X9. Mason also anticipates that its annual repairs expense for 20X9 will be $1,200,000. This amount is usually incurred and paid in July and August when operations are shut down so that machinery and equipment can be repaired. What amount should Mason deduct for property taxes and repairs in each quarter for 20X9?
Answer:
$360,000
Explanation:
The total cost would be estimated as the expense anticipated plus the property taxes paid previously.
Now
Total Cost = $240,000 Property Taxes paid + $1,200,000 Property repairs anticipated
= $1,440,000
Now we will distribute the annual cost over the four quarters which mean we will divide the total annual cost by 4.
Quarterly Expenses = $1,440,000 / 4 = $360,000
5. Kroger can use __________ gathered from ClickList orders to determine which products they should keep more or less of in stock.
Answer: Data analytics
Explanation:
Data analytics simply has to do withcanalyzing raw data to make conclusions about a particular information. Data analytics is used by organizations in order to optimize their business performance.
Kroger can use data analytics gathered from ClickList orders to determine which products they should keep more or less of in stock.
Following is information on two alternative investments being considered by Jolee Company. The company requires a 6% return from its investments. (PV of $1, FV of $1, PVA of $1, and FVA of $1). (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Project A Project B Initial investment $ (174,325 ) $ (152,960 ) Expected net cash flows in year: 1 41,000 44,000 2 60,000 53,000 3 72,295 68,000 4 87,400 81,000 5 59,000 30,000For each alternative project compute the net present value.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the net present value is presented in the attachment below:
For project A, the net present value is $91,771.53 and for project B, the net present value is $79,390.69
It is computed after considering the discounting factor that comes from
= 1 ÷ (1 + discount rate)^number of years
for year 1, it is
= 1 ÷ (1 + 0.06)^1
The same applied for the remaining years
In the Assembly Department of Hannon Company, budgeted and actual manufacturing overhead costs for the month of April 2017 were as follows.
Budget Actual
Indirect materials $14,200 $13,700
Indirect labor 19,100 19,900
Utilities 11,400 12,100
Supervision 4,600 4,600
All costs are controllable by the department manager.
Prepare a responsibility report for April for the cost center.
Answer:
HANNON COMPANY
Assembly Department
Manufacturing Overhead Cost Responsibility Report
For the Month Ended April 30,2017
Controllable Cost Budget$ Actual$ Difference$ Remark
Indirect materials 14,200 13,700 500 Favourable
Indirect Labor 19,100 19,900 -800 Unfavourable
Utilities 11,400 12,100 -700 Unfavourable
Supervision 4,600 4,600 0 None
Total 49,300 50,300 -1,000 Unfavourable
Velocity Company estimates the following for the next year, when common stock is expected to trade at a price-earnings ratio of 7. Earnings before interest and taxes $45 million Interest expense $5 million Effective income tax rate 30% Preferred stock dividends $10 million Common shares outstanding 2 million Common stock payout ratio 25% What is Velocity's approximate expected common stock market price per share next year?
Answer:
$63
Explanation:
The computation of the expected common stock market price per share for the next year is shown below:
Price earning ratio = Share price ÷ earning per share
where
Price earning ratio is 7
Earning per share is
= (Net income - preference dividend) ÷ number of common shares outstanding
= {($45 million - $5 million) × (1 - 0.30) - $10 million)} ÷ 2 million shares
= $9
Now placing these values to the above formula
So, the expected common stock market price is
= 7 × $9
= $63
If United Airlines acted as a "price leader" and all other airlines simply charged the same prices
that United Airlines charged, then could this action be illegal because it is a form of "silent collusion?"
A. There is no such term in microeconomics known as "tacit" or "silent collusion."
B. Matching the prices of the price leader firm is a good example of a competitive market.
C. The U.S. Anti-Trust Department has always considered this business behavior as suspicious
and it does consider this pricing strategy to be illegal.
D. The famous 1982 anti-monopoly IBM court case said that this pricing strategy within an
industry is legal as long as the firms fill out quarterly reports to keep the U.S. Anti-Trust
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The airline industry is an example of an oligopoly
An Oligopoly is when there are few large firms operating in an industry. While, a monopoly is when there is only one firm operating in an industry.
Oligopolies are characterised by :
price setting firms
product differentiation
profit maximisation
high barriers to entry or exit of firms
downward sloping demand curve
the action taken by the other airlines is known as tacit collusion.
Tacit collusion is when other companies adopt the price of the price leader
Tacit collusion is not illegal while the explicit collision is illegal.
The BRS Corporation makes collections on sales according to the following schedule: 40% in month of sale 55% in month following sale 5% in second month following saleThe following sales have been budgeted: Sales April $210,000 May $160,000June $150,000 Budgeted cash collections in June would be:______.a. $150,840.b. $158,000.c. $149,000.d. $150,000.
Answer:
Total cash collection= $158,500
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Cash collection:
40% in the month of sale
55% in the month following sale
5% in the second month following sale
Sales:
April $210,000
May $160,000
June $150,000
Cash collection June:
Sales in cash from June= 150,000*0.4= 60,000
Sales on account from May= 160,000*0.55= 88,000
Sales on account from April= 210,000*0.05= 10,500
Total cash collection= $158,500
The difference between total sales revenue and total cost of goods sold is the: A. Trade margin B. Gross marketing contribution C. Net marketing contribution D. All of the above
Answer:
A. Trade margin
Explanation:
The profit obtained from trading operations is known as gross profit or trade margin.This is calculated as sales less costs of goods sold.
The difference between total sales revenue and total cost of goods sold is the gross marketing contribution.
The following information is considered:
When the cost of goods sold is deducted from the sales revenue so the gross marketing contribution should come. Neither it is trade margin, nor net marketing contribution.In other words, the difference is called as gross margin.Therefore we can conclude that the correct option is B.
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Ford Motor Company is discussing new ways to recapitalize the firm and raise additional capital. Its current capital structure has a % weight in equity, % in preferred stock, and % in debt. The cost of equity capital is %, the cost of preferred stock is %, and the pretax cost of debt is %. What is the weighted average cost of capital for Ford if its marginal tax rate is %?
Complete Question:
Ford Motor Company is discussing new ways to recapitalize the firm and raise additional capital. Its current capital structure has a 10% weight in equity, 25% in preferred stock, and 65% in debt. The cost of equity capital is 17%, the cost of preferred stock is 11%, and the pretax cost of debt is 9%. What is the weighted average cost of capital for Ford if its marginal tax rate is 40%?
Answer:
7.96%
Explanation:
We can calculate WACC using the formula:
WACC = Cost of equity * Equity %age / 100% +
After Tax Cost of Debt * Debt %age / 100% +
Cost of Preferred Stock * Preferred Stock %age / 100%
Here,
Cost of equity is 17%
Cost of preferred stock is 11%
Post tax cost of debt = Pre-Tax cost * (1 - Tax rate)
This implies,
Post tax cost of debt = 9% * (1 - 40%) = 5.4%
Equity weight is 10% weight in equity
Preferred stock weight is 25%
Debt Weight is 65%
By putting value in the formula given in the attachment, we have:
WACC = 17% * (10% / 100%) + 11% * (25% / 100%) + 5.4% * (65% / 100%)
WACC = 1.7% + 2.75% + 3.51%
WACC = 7.96%
balance sheet reports assets of $6900000 and liabilities of $2700000. All of Ivanhoe’s assets’ book values approximate their fair value, except for land, which has a fair value that is $410000 greater than its book value. On 12/31/21, Oriole Corporation paid $7030000 to acquire Ivanhoe. What amount of goodwill should Oriole record as a result of this purchase?
Answer: $2,420,000
Explanation:
Goodwill is the amount over the fair value of a company that it is purchased for.
Goodwill = Acquisition price - Net Assets
Net Assets = Assets - Liabilities
= (6,900,000 + 410,000) - 2,700,000
= $4,610,000
Goodwill = 7,030,000 - 4,610,000
= $2,420,000
On January 1, the listed spot and futures prices of a Treasury bond were 95.4 and 95.6. You sold $100,000 par value Treasury bonds and purchased one Treasury bond futures contract. One month later, the listed spot price and futures prices were 95 and 94.4, respectively. If you were to liquidate your position, your profits would be a Group of answer choices $125 profit. $1,060.50 loss. None of the options are correct. $125 loss. $1,062.50 profit.
Answer:
None of the options are correct.
Explanation:
We start by calculating the net change of the treasury bond position.
= $95,125 - $95,000
= $125
The long treasury bond position gains $125 after a month.
We will also calculate the net change of the treasury bond futures contract.
= $94,125 - $95,187.50
= -$1,062.50
Therefore, Net profits is;
= $125 - $1,062.50
= -$937.50
Suppose the country of Stan has fixed its exchange rate to the dollar. The official exchange rate is 0.50 U.S. dollars per rupee. Suppose market conditions are such that the actual equilibrium exchange rate is 0.25 U.S dollars per rupee.
1. You are a tourist in Stan. Something you wish to buy costs 100 rupees. What is the price at official exchange rates? ___________ Are products bought from Stan a good deal?
2. You are a tourist in Stan. Something you wish to buy costs 100 rupees. What is the price if you could buy at the equilibrium exchange rate?
3. Will foreigners want to demand Stan’s rupees to buy goods at the official rate? Explain.
4. Will people in Stan want to buy U.S. goods at the official exchange rates? Will they being supplying or demanding their rupees?
5. Will the monetary authorities in Stan have to buy up a surplus of their currency or sell their currency to meet a shortage of their currency to keep the exchange rate at 0.50 dollars per rupee?
Answer and Explanation:
1. At 0fficial exchange rate:
100 * 0.5 = $50
what I want to buy would be purchased at $50
at market exchange rate:
0.25 x 100 = $25
products bought from this place are not a good deal as I am paying more than the market exchange rate.
2. at equilibrium exchange rate:
100 x 0.25% = $25
the price is $25
3. from answers 1 and 2, I will not want demand Stan's rupees. the products are costly to get.
4. Stan's currency is obviously overvalued. the people from this country now has increased purchasing power so they can purchase goods in dollars, therefore they would be supplying their currency.
5. They will have to buy up the surplus of rupees so that they can easily keep up with maintaining the rupee at half a dollar.
