Starbucks Malaysia uses several promotion strategies to attract customers. The promotion is the primary tool used to attract potential customers and to increase sales. Promotions make the product or service more attractive to the target audience.
Some of the popular sales promotion strategies used by Starbucks Malaysia are given below:
1. Discounted price: Starbucks Malaysia offers discounted prices on various products to attract customers. The customers can purchase products at a lower price than the usual price. This strategy helps Starbucks to attract price-sensitive customers.
2. Coupons and Vouchers: Starbucks Malaysia offers coupons and vouchers to customers. These vouchers can be redeemed at Starbucks stores for free or discounted products. This strategy helps Starbucks to attract new customers and retain existing customers.
3. Loyalty programs: Starbucks Malaysia has a loyalty program that rewards customers for their purchases. Customers can earn points for their purchases and redeem them for free products. This strategy helps Starbucks to retain customers and increase customer loyalty. Starbucks Malaysia also offers seasonal promotions to attract customers during festive seasons.
For example, during Christmas, Starbucks Malaysia offers Christmas-themed drinks and merchandise. In conclusion, Starbucks Malaysia uses several promotion tools to attract customers. Starbucks uses the promotion strategy to create brand awareness and attract potential customers.
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A robbery takes place and printing plates are stolen. Businessman Keerti goes to a hotel owner, Vikram claiming to have been behind the robbery. He offers Vikram €1.5 billion in counterfeit currency in exchange for €500 million real banknotes. Vikram agrees and borrows the €500 million from a billionaire Armaan, who has been his friend for years & is also a maternal cousin, 7 generations removed . It is then revealed that Keerti never stole the printing plates, and was conning Vikram. Now, unable to return Armaan's money, Keerti is forced to give Armaan control of five hotels that he owns in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Assuming that the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is applicable, address: whether there is a contract between Keerti and Vikram? Give reasons for your answer.
(B) Pitying at the state of Vikram, Arman decides to enter into an arrangement with him. They decide that Vikram’s son (Colin) and Arman’s daughter (Raya) will be married to each other. As per the arrangement, the first child that Colin and Raya will bear shall inherit all the business of Vikram and Arman, when the child turns 21 years old. Until then, the couple will remain as care-takers of the entire business. When the couple’s first and only child, Jaya turns 21, Colin refuses to give away his father’s share of the business as inheritance. Colin wants his son from his first marriage to inherit the ancestral business. He argues that the arrangement between Vikram and Arman does not stand. Jaya has sued her father Colin. Colin is arguing that –
Jaya does not have cause of action because she is not a party to the contract between Vikram and Arman.
There was undue influence in the creation of the contract between Arman and Vikram.
Argue on behalf of Jaya on the aforesaid two points. You are required to support your argument with relevant cases and illustrations.
(C) With the ongoing court case, Jaya is extremely stressed. This takes a toll on her as she has to confront her father and brother not only in the court room but also in their home estate. The tension at the work place and at home drives her to seek professional help from Maximus, a well-known therapist in the city. Jaya starts talking to Maximus about how she isn't interested and doesn't feel appropriate as this is her family. A part of her conscience hurts as she is going against her father, Colin and older half-brother Faiz. Maximus suggests that her inner peace is important over these materialistic gains and she has the strength to rise above this. Maximus suggests she may reconsider and withdraw from the legal battle. Jaya gets to know about a rumour that Maximus and Faiz have been dating each other over a year. She confronts Maximus at her next session, "If you do not deny it, I shall assume you do not know my older half-brother, Faiz". Maximus remains quiet and they proceed with the scheduled session. 02 weeks later, Maximus and Faiz meet at a charity event and begin courting each other. Over a couple of weeks, Jaya tells Maximus "What you had said earlier, about rising above all this materialistic gains, has been with me ever since and I will enter a new agreement to end this feud." Jaya draws up a new agreement stating that she is giving away the prospects of all her claims on the concerned ancestral property for her brother’s welfare and the peace of the family (written, registered, signed & sealed). After a couple of weeks, Jaya learns (from their chief butler running their home estate) about the relationship between Faiz and Maximus and that they are planning to enter into a civil partnership. She is furious. She has sued Faiz. She is claiming -
There is no contract as there is no consideration.
There is no contract because consent was not free. There was fraud.
Argue on behalf of Faiz to honour the contract. You are required to support your argument with relevant cases and illustrations.
There is no contract between Keerti and Vikram for the exchange of counterfeit currency for real banknotes. The transaction involves illegal activities and the exchange of counterfeit currency, which is against the law.
According to the Indian Contract Act, 1872, any agreement that is unlawful or against public policy is void. The offer and acceptance in this case are based on an illegal act, making it unenforceable. Keerti's deception and Vikram's involvement in the illegal further invalidate the possibility of a valid contract. Jaya has a cause of action and the contract between Vikram and Arman can be challenged on the grounds of undue influence. Undue influence occurs when one party takes advantage of their dominant position to influence the decisions of another party. In this case, Arman, who is in a dominant position as a billionaire and friend of Vikram, influences Vikram to enter into the arrangement for the marriage of Colin and Raya.
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In this module's reading, you learned about game theory and a specific game referred to as the prisoners' dilemma (See Ch. 17-2, pp. 342-343). Let's understand why this particular game is so popular as a way to analyze the market structure of Oligopoly. To match the two-person prisoners' dilemma, let's assume a simple, two firm case of oligopoly called Duopoly.
First, discuss the prisoners' dilemma game itself. Next, explain how it can be applied to the decisions that have to be made in an oligopoly. What specifically is the decision to be made by each seller in an oligopoly? How does each possible outcome in the prisoners' dilemma map into an outcome in an oligopoly? What do you think each seller's dominant strategy will be? Examine and discuss how the role of communication, specifically the lack of communication, can lead to an outcome that is worse for the players. (Of course, it is against U.S. law for the sellers to conspire to make the market less competitive!)
Can you think of other examples of how the prisoners' dilemma could be applied to business decision making? Discuss any other applications of a prisoners' dilemma game you find to be interesting, whether from the text or one you can think of on your own.
The prisoners' dilemma is a classic game in game theory that involves two players who have to make decisions that can either cooperate or defect. In the game, both players are individually better off defecting, but if both players defect, they both receive a worse outcome compared to if they had cooperated.
When applied to the decisions made in an oligopoly, the prisoners' dilemma highlights the strategic interactions between competing firms. In an oligopoly, each seller faces the decision of whether to cooperate by keeping prices high or defect by lowering prices to gain a larger market share.
The possible outcomes in the prisoners' dilemma map into outcomes in an oligopoly as follows:
If both firms cooperate and keep prices high, they achieve a stable equilibrium with relatively high profits for both.
If one firm defects by lowering prices while the other cooperates, the defector gains a larger market share and higher profits while the cooperating firm suffers lower profits.
If both firms defect and engage in price competition, they enter into a price war, resulting in reduced profits for both.
In an oligopoly, each seller's dominant strategy is typically to defect and lower prices. This is because they are individually better off by gaining a larger market share and potentially driving competitors out of the market. However, the outcome where both firms defect and engage in price competition is worse for both firms compared to if they had cooperated.
The lack of communication plays a significant role in leading to a worse outcome in the prisoners' dilemma. Without communication, firms cannot coordinate their actions and trust each other to maintain high prices. This leads to a scenario where both firms defect, resulting in a price war and reduced profits for both.
One example of how the prisoners' dilemma can be applied to business decision making is in the context of advertising. Consider two competing firms deciding whether to engage in aggressive advertising or minimal advertising. If both firms engage in aggressive advertising, they may attract more customers but also incur high costs. If both firms minimize advertising, they may save costs but potentially lose market share. The dominant strategy for each firm might be to engage in aggressive advertising, leading to a scenario where both firms incur high costs and potentially experience diminished profitability.
Another interesting application of the prisoners' dilemma is in environmental regulation. When firms face the decision of whether to comply with stricter environmental regulations or to ignore them, the individual incentives may lead to non-compliance. However, if all firms ignore the regulations, it leads to negative environmental consequences. This highlights the collective action problem and the need for coordinated efforts to achieve a better outcome for the environment and society as a whole.
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If the government thinks that the price a consumer has to pay for a good is too low, then which of the following would solve this problem?
a. A price floor or a subsidy
b. A price ceiling or an excise tax
c. A price ceiling or a subsidy
d. A price floor or an excise tax
e. None of the above will lower the price a consumer has to pay for a good
The government can use either a price floor or a subsidy to increase the price of a product. option a is the correct answer.
If the government thinks that the price a consumer has to pay for a good is too low, then the solution that would solve this problem is a price floor or a subsidy. Price floor is the minimum price at which a product can be sold in the market. This floor price is set by the government to keep the price above a certain limit and to ensure that the producers get a fair price for their product. When the government thinks that the price of a product is too low, it will set a price floor to increase the price of the product. This will result in an increase in the cost of production and in turn increase the price of the product to the consumers. A subsidy is another measure that the government can use to increase the price of a product. Subsidy is a direct payment from the government to the producer of a product. This payment is made to reduce the cost of production and increase the price of the product for the consumers.
Thus, the government can use either a price floor or a subsidy to increase the price of a product.
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Golden Eagle Company prepares monthly financial statements for its bank. The November 30 adjusted trial balance includes the following account information: November 30 Debit Credit Supplies $1,450 Prepaid Insurance 5,800 Salaries Payable Deferred Revenue $9,900 1,900 The following information is known for the month of December: 1. Purchases of supplies during December total $3,400. Supplies on hand at the end of December equal $2,950. 2. No insurance payments are made in December. Insurance cost is $1,450 per month. 3. November salaries payable of $9,900 were paid to employees in December. Additional salaries for December owed at the end of the year are $14,900. 4. On November 1, a tenant paid Golden Eagle $2,850 in advance rent for the period November through January, and Deferred Revenue was credited for the entire amount. Required: Show the adjusting entries that were made for supplies, prepaid insurance, salaries payable, and deferred revenue on December 31. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.)
Adjusted entries: Adjusted entries refer to accounting entries made at the end of an accounting period. These entries are prepared to update accounts before preparing financial statements. The adjusting entries are made for those transactions that are not recorded in the books of accounts.
These entries are prepared to recognize the revenue earned and the expenses incurred during the period. Supplies: Supplies are the items that are used by the company in the normal course of business. These items are recorded as assets in the company’s books of accounts. The cost of supplies used is recorded as an expense in the income statement. Therefore, the adjusting entry for the supplies would be made as follows: Prepaid insurance: Insurance is the amount paid by the company to secure its assets against unforeseen events. Prepaid insurance is recorded as an asset in the company’s books of accounts. The cost of insurance is recorded as an expense in the income statement. Therefore, the adjusting entry for prepaid insurance would be made as follows: Salaries payable: Salaries payable are the amounts owed by the company to its employees.
These amounts are recorded as liabilities in the company’s books of accounts. Salaries paid to employees are recorded as expenses in the income statement. Therefore, the adjusting entry for the salaries payable would be made as follows: Deferred revenue: Deferred revenue refers to the amount received by the company in advance from its customers. This amount is recorded as a liability in the company’s books of accounts. When the services are provided or the goods are delivered, this amount is recognized as revenue in the income statement. Therefore, the adjusting entry for deferred revenue would be made as follows: Conclusion: Thus, the journal entries for supplies, prepaid insurance, salaries payable, and deferred revenue would be as follows: Supplies, Expenses, Dr 900Supplies, Current Assets, Cr 900 Prepaid Insurance, Expenses, Dr 1450Prepaid Insurance, Current Assets, Cr 1450Salaries Expenses, Dr 24000Salaries Payable, Current Liabilities, Cr 24000Deferred Revenue, Current Liabilities, Dr 2850Revenue, Cr 2850
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Consider an investment of a private equity firm with an equity value at exit (2024) of $1800m and at entry (2018) of $600m. What is the internal rate of return (in %) of this PE firm? Please round your answer to one decimal place and provide your answer without a percentage sign (e.g. 30.6 instead of 30.6%).
The internal rate of return (IRR) of the private equity firm's investment is approximately 25.9%..
To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of the private equity firm's investment, we need to determine the rate of return that equates the present value of the investment's cash flows to zero.
Given:
Equity value at exit (2024) = $1800 million
Equity value at entry (2018) = $600 million
We can set up the following equation to solve for the IRR:
0 = -Entry Value + Exit Value / (1 + IRR)^(Number of years)
0 = -$600 million + $1800 million / (1 + IRR)^6
Solving this equation for IRR will give us the internal rate of return.
IRR ≈ 25.9%
Therefore, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the private equity firm's investment is approximately 25.9%.
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Currently there are three major green house gas producers in the city: X, Y, and Z. X produces 50 units, Y produces 35 units and Z produces 25 units. Each firm can reduce emissions, but the technolgy is costly. It would cost X $20 to reduce emissions by one unit, it would cost Y $35 to reduce emissions by one unit, and it would cost Z $50 to reduce emissions by one unit. Government has determined that socially acceptable level of pollution is 75 units but has no information on firm's emission mitigation costs. It allocated 25 emission permits to eachforms (75 in total) and let them trade permits any way they want. Assuming there is no gvernment corruption and no transaction cost in trading emissions, what will be the market price per unit of emission and what will be the levels of emmisons at all three firms? Assuming the government does not interfere in the market of emission permits, will the market equilibrium be socially efficient?
The market price per unit of emission will be $35, and the emission levels will be X: 25, Y: 35, Z: 15. The market equilibrium is socially efficient.
In a market with no government interference, the market price per unit of emission will be determined by the marginal cost of reducing emissions. The firm with the lowest cost, Y, will reduce emissions until the marginal cost equals the market price, resulting in 35 units. X and Z will then trade their remaining permits, as X's cost to reduce emissions is lower than Z's. X will reduce emissions by 25 units, while Z will reduce emissions by 10 units. The market price will be set by Y's cost, at $35 per unit. The total emissions will be 75 units, meeting the socially acceptable level of pollution. Thus, the market equilibrium is socially efficient.
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tests of the additions to the expense accounts is an example of tests of controls over .
Tests of the additions to the expense accounts are an example of tests of controls over financial reporting.
Tests of controls are performed to assess the effectiveness of internal controls within an organization. They aim to ensure that the company's financial reporting is reliable, accurate, and compliant with relevant regulations and policies. In this case, conducting tests of the additions to the expense accounts involves examining the controls in place for recording and classifying expenses. This can include reviewing supporting documentation, verifying proper authorization, and ensuring that expenses are accurately recorded and allocated to the appropriate accounts. By performing these tests, auditors or internal control assessors can evaluate the strength and effectiveness of the control procedures related to expense account additions, helping to identify any weaknesses or potential risks that may exist.
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Suppose a closed economy has an aggregate consumption function given by C = 50+ 0.50Yd and generates $2000 output and income in equilibrium. Suppose also that the government spends 450 and imposes a lump-sum tax of 50. What is the level of intended investment? (round your answer to the nearest whole value)
In a closed economy, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which equals output Y is determined by adding the four components of expenditure which are;
Consumption (C), Investment (I), Government spending (G), and Net exports (NX).In a closed economy, Savings (S) equal Investment (I) so S = I.
The aggregate consumption function is expressed as C = 50 + 0.50Yd where Yd is disposable income.C = 50 + 0.50Yd ---(1)
Given output and income, Y = 2000 dollars.
Substituting Y in equation (1);C = 50 + 0.50(2000) = 50 + 1000 = 1050 dollars .The government spends G = 450 dollars and imposes a lump-sum tax of 50 dollars.
Taxes T = 50 dollars and disposable income Yd are related by the formula ;T = -tYd where t is the tax rate (0 ≤ t ≤ 1) and the negative sign indicates that taxes reduce disposable income. In this case, the lump-sum tax of 50 dollars is independent of disposable income so the tax rate is;t = T/Yd = 50/2000 = 0.025.
Substituting t in the above equation;50 = -0.025YdSolving for Yd, we get;Yd = -50/(-0.025) = 2000 dollars.
Substituting Yd in the consumption function ;C = 50 + 0.50(2000) = 1050 dollars
Since S = I, we can obtain the level of intended investment ;S = Y - C - G = 2000 - 1050 - 450 = 500 dollars
So, the level of intended investment is $500.
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1. How would you future proof you supply chain as a Supply Chain Manager?
2. How would you develop digital capabilities in your workforce? (For example, you can say you'd introduce some skills training, offer a professional development budget for digital training, etc.)
1. Future-proofing the supply chain as a Supply Chain Manager involves implementing strategies and initiatives to ensure its resilience, flexibility, and efficiency in the face of evolving market dynamics and potential disruptions. Here are some key steps to consider:
a. Enhanced Visibility and Data Analytics: Implement advanced technologies, such as IoT devices and real-time data analytics, to gain end-to-end visibility into the supply chain. This enables proactive monitoring, identification of bottlenecks, and data-driven decision-making.
b. Diversification and Redundancy: Assess and diversify the supplier base to reduce dependence on a single source. Establish strategic partnerships and alternative sourcing options to mitigate risks and maintain continuity in the event of disruptions.
c. Agile and Collaborative Relationships: Foster collaboration and open communication with suppliers, logistics partners, and other stakeholders. Develop agile contracts and flexible agreements that allow for quick adaptations to changing market conditions.
d. Sustainability and Resilience: Integrate sustainable practices into the supply chain, including responsible sourcing, green logistics, and circular economy initiatives. Evaluate and enhance the resilience of critical supply chain nodes, such as distribution centers and transportation routes, to withstand potential disruptions.
e. Scenario Planning and Risk Management: Conduct scenario planning exercises to identify potential risks and develop contingency plans. Regularly review and update risk management strategies to address emerging threats, such as geopolitical instability or natural disasters.
2. Developing digital capabilities in the workforce is crucial for organizations to thrive in the digital era. Here are some approaches to fostering digital skills and competencies:
a. Skills Training and Upskilling: Identify digital skills gaps within the workforce and provide targeted training programs to develop those skills. Offer both in-house training initiatives and external courses to enhance employees' proficiency in areas such as data analysis, digital marketing, automation, and artificial intelligence.
b. Professional Development Budget: Allocate a dedicated budget for employees to pursue digital training and certifications. Encourage them to stay updated with the latest industry trends and technologies through online courses, conferences, and workshops.
c. Cross-Functional Collaboration: Facilitate cross-functional collaboration and knowledge sharing among employees from different departments. Encourage the formation of digital-focused teams or communities of practice to foster learning and innovation.
d. Internal Digital Champions: Identify individuals within the organization who have advanced digital skills and appoint them as digital champions or ambassadors. They can mentor and support other employees in acquiring digital competencies and act as change agents within the organization.
e. Continuous Learning Culture: Foster a culture of continuous learning and experimentation. Encourage employees to embrace new technologies, provide opportunities for hands-on experience with digital tools, and recognize and reward digital innovation and initiative-taking.
By implementing these strategies, organizations can build a workforce equipped with digital capabilities, enabling them to adapt to technological advancements, drive digital transformation initiatives, and remain competitive in the digital age.
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Why should bond investors be cautious when relying on yield to
maturity? Is it an accurate measure of rate of return for investors
who might not hold their bonds to maturity?
Bond investors should exercise caution when relying solely on yield to maturity (YTM) as a measure of rate of return because it assumes that the bond will be held until maturity and that all interest payments will be reinvested at the YTM.
However, this may not reflect the actual experience of investors who may choose to sell their bonds before maturity or may not be able to reinvest the coupon payments at the same YTM.
There are several reasons why YTM may not accurately represent the rate of return for investors who do not hold their bonds to maturity:
Interest Rate Changes: YTM assumes a constant interest rate environment throughout the bond's life. In reality, interest rates can fluctuate, affecting the market value of the bond. If interest rates rise, the bond's market price may decrease, resulting in a lower rate of return for investors who sell the bond before maturity.
Reinvestment Risk: YTM assumes that all coupon payments will be reinvested at the same YTM. However, future interest rates may be higher or lower than the YTM, impacting the actual rate of return. If interest rates decline, investors may face challenges in finding similarly high-yielding reinvestment opportunities.
Call Provisions: Some bonds have call provisions that allow the issuer to redeem the bonds before maturity. If a bond is called, the investor may receive the call price, which can be different from the face value, leading to a different rate of return than the YTM.
Credit Risk: YTM does not consider the creditworthiness of the issuer. If the issuer's credit rating deteriorates, the market value of the bond may decline, affecting the investor's rate of return.
Given these factors, investors should consider other measures such as yield to call, current yield, and total return to assess the potential rate of return on their bond investments, especially if they do not plan to hold the bonds until maturity.
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Suppose that the equilibrium real federal funds rate is 4 percent and the target rate of inflation is 3 percent. Use the following information and the Taylor rule to calculate the federal funds rate target: Current inflation rate = 5 percent Potential real GDP = $14.65 trillion Real GDP = $1432 trillion The federal funds target rate is %. (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)
The Taylor rule is used to calculate the target rate of interest based on inflation, the equilibrium real federal funds rate, and other variables. It is a guideline for central banks to set interest rates.
In economics, the Taylor rule is a guideline that the central bank uses to set the target for the interest rate. It is formulated by Stanford University Professor John B. Taylor to enable the central bank to make decisions that are predictable and transparent. According to this rule, the target rate of interest is calculated based on inflation, equilibrium real federal funds rate, and other variables.
The Taylor rule is a standard tool for economists, analysts, and policymakers to monitor the central bank's decision-making process.The Taylor rule formula is used to calculate the target rate of interest. The equation is: Fed funds target rate = equilibrium real federal funds rate + current inflation rate + 0.5(inflation gap) + 0.5(output gap)Inflation gap is the difference between the current inflation rate and the target rate of inflation.
The output gap is the difference between the potential real GDP and the actual GDP. The equilibrium real federal funds rate is the level of the federal funds rate that is consistent with the long-term economic growth rate, inflation, and the optimal level of the federal funds rate. The Taylor rule equation provides a guideline for the central bank to make a decision on the target rate of interest.
In conclusion, the Taylor rule is a guideline for the central bank to set the target rate of interest based on inflation, equilibrium real federal funds rate, and other variables. The equation for the Taylor rule provides a framework for the central bank to make transparent and predictable decisions.
In this case, the calculation of the federal funds rate target is done using the Taylor rule formula. The federal funds rate target is 9.55%, rounded to two decimal places.
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This assignment is focused on Reverse Logistics. Think of the last time you returned an item to a supplier, either a to a retailer as a consumer, or as a business returning something to another business. 1. What was the reason for making the return? 2. What do you think the company would have done with your return if it had som market value, and why? Answer this question even if you feel your return had no market value. 3. What do you think the company would have done with your return if it had no market value, and why? Answer this question even if you feel your return had some market value. 4. What role did logistics play in your return process (both for you personally and f the company)?
Reverse logistics is the process of the return of goods from consumers or businesses back to the manufacturer or supplier. Reverse logistics is a process that is the opposite of traditional logistics. It deals with managing the logistics of returned products, such as products that have been rejected, recalled, or simply returned by customers.
1. What was the reason for making the return?
There can be several reasons for making returns. Some common reasons are product defects, damage in transit, incorrect quantity or delivery, or product recalls.
2. What do you think the company would have done with your return if it had some market value, and why?
If the returned item has market value, the company can sell it as an open-box or refurbished product. This would enable the company to recover some of the costs of the returned item and generate revenue.
Companies often sell returned products on their websites, through third-party websites, or through discount stores.
3. What do you think the company would have done with your return if it had no market value, and why?
If the returned item has no market value, the company may discard it. The company may also donate the item to charity or recycle it. This would depend on the company's policies and environmental practices.
4. What role did logistics play in your return process (both for you personally and for the company)?
Logistics played a crucial role in the return process. The company would need to determine the best logistics solution to get the item back to the manufacturer or supplier, while minimizing the cost of shipping. The customer would also need to arrange for logistics to return the item.
This can involve scheduling pick-ups, filling out shipping forms, and arranging payment for shipping costs.
Logistics also plays a significant role in the management of returned goods once they arrive at the manufacturer or supplier. They need to be inspected, tested, and evaluated to determine the best course of action.
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QUESTION 45 Why might random strategies be a good idea to implement? Why might random strategies work well? O They are better than dominant strategies They are easy to implement O They increase planning costs for the firm QUESTION 46 A government can impose an import quota or an equivalent tariff that achieves the same impact on trade. What is the key difference in the welfare outcomes of these two policy options? O The domestic quantity supplied is larger under the tariff policy O The domestic price is higher under the tariff policy O The domestic price is lower under the tariff policy The government captures some of the profits from foreign suppliers through the tariff revenue QUESTION 47 A monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium O will make negative profit will make zero prof O will make positive proft O Any of the above are possible i QUESTION 48 Coke and Pepsi are the only two producers of soft drinks. This market is not perfectly competitive because Osach company can significantly affect output Osach company has annual sales over $10 billion O Pepsi receives subsidies from the federal government O Coke and Pepsi are highly regulated
Question 45: Why might random strategies be a good idea to implement. Random strategies might be a good idea to implement as they help in shaking up the status quo while making the opponent unsure of what to do next.
This uncertainty helps in confusing the opponent while opening up new possibilities for the party employing the strategy. This also increases the probability of success for the party as the opponent's decision-making is compromised due to uncertainty. Therefore, random strategies work well as they introduce an element of surprise, and they might lead to an unexpected outcome.
Question 46: A government can impose an import quota or an equivalent tariff that achieves the same impact on trade. What is the key difference in the welfare outcomes of these two policy options?The government captures some of the profits from foreign suppliers through the tariff revenue is the key difference in the welfare outcomes of these two policy options. An import quota sets a limit on the total quantity of a product that can be imported. If an importer goes above the limit, then they have to pay a fee. Tariffs, on the other hand, are taxes on goods and services brought into a country. The imposition of tariffs causes foreign goods to become more expensive, and therefore, less competitive compared to domestically produced goods. The revenue from tariffs is typically generated by the government, and thus, the government captures some of the profits from foreign suppliers.
Question 47: A monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibriumA monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium will make a positive profit. In the long run, the monopolistically competitive firm will make zero profits, but it will not incur a loss. Monopolistically competitive firms have a downward sloping demand curve because they sell differentiated products. The profit-maximizing level of output for a monopolistically competitive firm occurs where Marginal Cost (MC) = Marginal Revenue (MR), but in the long run, the firm earns a normal profit.Question 48: Coke and Pepsi are the only two producers of soft drinks. This market is not perfectly competitive because Osach company can significantly affect output.Coke and Pepsi are the only two producers of soft drinks, and this market is not perfectly competitive because the Osach company can significantly affect output. Perfect competition requires a large number of small firms producing identical products with no barriers to entry. As there are only two producers of soft drinks, they have significant control over the market. Any decision they make will significantly affect the output, and there is no one else to challenge them. Therefore, this market is not perfectly competitive.
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Can you describe supply chain managment, choose a particular product and describe the issues faced by the supply chain, is it stable and describe the environment or social influence on it. Conclude and what further changes would you make in this particular supply chain. Attach a diagram if possible VERY IMPORTANT
The initial production stage to the final delivery of products to customers. It involves coordination and collaboration among various entities, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers.
Let's consider the supply chain of a global smartphone manufacturer. The supply chain for smartphones faces several issues. One significant challenge is the complexity of sourcing components from multiple suppliers, often located in different countries. This complexity can lead to delays in production if any of the suppliers face disruptions or fail to meet quality standards.
The demand for smartphones is highly volatile, with rapid technological advancements and changing consumer preferences. Forecasting demand accurately becomes crucial to avoid overstocking or shortages in the supply chain. The stability of the supply chain can also be influenced by environmental and social factors. For instance, environmental regulations and sustainability concerns can impact the sourcing and manufacturing practices of smartphone components.
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On the subject of the California Construction Cost Index (CCCI) we know that CCCI2016 = 6106. Suppose CCCI2018 = 6540 and CCCI2021 = 6724. What is the percentage of annual increase from 2016 to 2021?
a.1,778%
b.1,947%
c.None of the results are correct
d.2,008%
e.1.865%
The percentage of annual increase from 2016 to 2021 in the California Construction Cost Index (CCCI) can be calculated by comparing the CCCI values for those years.
The CCCI2016 is given as 6106, CCCI2018 as 6540, and CCCI2021 as 6724. To find the percentage increase, we need to calculate the difference between CCCI2021 and CCCI2016, divide it by CCCI2016, and multiply by 100.
The percentage increase can be calculated as follows:
Percentage increase = ((CCCI2021 - CCCI2016) / CCCI2016) * 100
Substituting the given values:
Percentage increase = ((6724 - 6106) / 6106) * 100
Percentage increase = (617 / 6106) * 100
Percentage increase ≈ 10.11
Therefore, the correct option is e. 1.865%, which represents the approximate percentage of annual increase from 2016 to 2021 in the California Construction Cost Index.
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Which of these statements is correct about Moods? Moods are more intense, compared with emotions. Moods are more fleeting than emotions. Moods always lack a contextual stimulus. A positive or negative mood can influence emotions.
The correct statement about moods is that a positive or negative mood can influence emotions.
Moods are considered as states of mind or feeling that last longer than emotions, which are fleeting feelings that arise in response to an event or thought. Moods can last for hours, days, or even weeks. A mood is a general feeling that is not tied to a specific event or stimulus.
Mood can be influenced by events, but it is not tied to a particular situation or stimulus.
An individual's emotions are fleeting feelings that arise in response to an event or thought. Emotions are short-lived and intense feelings that arise in response to a particular event or stimulus. Emotions can be either positive or negative, depending on the situation that caused them.
Positive or negative moods can influence emotions in the following ways:
A person with a positive mood will be more likely to experience positive emotions.A person with a negative mood will be more likely to experience negative emotions.
A person with a neutral or ambivalent mood may experience a range of emotions that are not necessarily positive or negative.
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Microport corporation net operating income for the year 2021 was $140 million and for the past two years Microportpaid 23% on corporate taxes. Net capital employed for the corporation was $110 million and weighted average costof the capital is 13%. Estimate how much Microport corporation added economic value in the year 2021?
Microport Corporation added economic value of $8.8 million in the year 2021. Economic value added (EVA) is the net profit generated by a company less the cost of capital invested in the business. This metric is used to evaluate whether a company is creating or destroying value.
To calculate EVA, we need to first calculate the cost of capital. Microport's weighted average cost of capital is 13%.We can then calculate the capital charge, which is the amount of capital that the company should be charged for the use of the capital. Capital charge = Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) x net capital employed.
Capital charge = 13% x $110 million = $14.3 million.Next, we can calculate the net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT), which is the profit earned by the company after taxes. NOPAT = Net operating income x (1 - tax rate). The tax rate is 23%. NOPAT = $140 million x (1 - 0.23) = $107.8 million.
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Please explain all of them with practical examples from the organizations within or outside of any country, your understanding of Strategic management skills.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT.
CULTURE IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
TYPES OF STRATEGIES.
Strategic management skills involve various aspects of the strategic management process, understanding the strategic management environment, and recognizing the role of culture in strategic management. It also encompasses different types of strategies used by organizations to achieve their goals and objectives.
Strategic Management Process: Strategic management skills refer to the ability to effectively navigate through the strategic management process, which includes environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation.
This involves identifying an organization's mission, setting objectives, conducting internal and external analyses, formulating strategies based on the analysis, implementing those strategies, and evaluating their effectiveness.
Strategic Management Environment: Strategic management skills involve understanding and analyzing the external environment in which an organization operates. This includes factors such as industry trends, market conditions, competitive landscape, technological advancements, and regulatory frameworks.
For example, an organization in the technology industry needs to closely monitor technological advancements and competitor strategies to stay competitive.
Culture in Strategic Management: Culture plays a crucial role in strategic management as it influences an organization's values, norms, and behaviors. Strategic management skills require recognizing the impact of culture on decision-making, strategy implementation, and organizational change.
For instance, an organization with a strong culture of innovation may prioritize disruptive strategies to stay ahead in the market.
Types of Strategies: Strategic management skills involve understanding and applying different types of strategies based on the organization's goals and competitive position. This includes growth strategies (such as market penetration, product development, and diversification), competitive strategies (such as cost leadership and differentiation), and stability strategies (such as maintaining the current market position).
For example, an organization pursuing a cost leadership strategy focuses on reducing costs to offer products at lower prices compared to competitors.
In summary, strategic management skills encompass proficiency in the strategic management process, understanding the strategic management environment, recognizing the role of culture, and utilizing different types of strategies. These skills are crucial for effectively managing an organization's resources and capabilities to achieve its long-term objectives in a dynamic business environment.
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Think about a recent situation at work or in school where you applied organizational behavior modification to increase or decrease someone’s motivation regarding a specific behavior. What specifically did you do? What was the result?
Organizational behavior modification (OBM) is the practice of applying behavioral science knowledge and methods to manage organizational behavior. It is an effective technique for improving the performance and efficiency of employees by modifying their behavior in the workplace.
OBM provides a structure for identifying and managing the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences that are related to employee performance and motivation.In my previous job, I had a colleague who was consistently coming late to the office, which resulted in a decrease in productivity for our team. To improve this behavior, I applied the principles of OBM to increase her motivation regarding punctuality.First, I identified the antecedents of her behavior by analyzing her routine. I found out that she had a habit of staying up late, which resulted in difficulty in waking up early. To address this issue, I suggested that she should follow a fixed sleep routine and set an alarm for the morning.Secondly, I specified the desired behavior by explaining the importance of punctuality in the workplace and how it impacts the team's productivity.
I also provided her with a flexible work schedule that allowed her to come in earlier or later if necessary.Finally, I provided positive consequences by acknowledging her efforts and progress. I praised her when she came to the office on time and gave her small incentives like a coffee or a snack to show my appreciation for her efforts.Over time, these interventions helped her develop a new habit of being on time, which improved her productivity and our team's output. The result of the OBM intervention was a significant increase in her motivation and punctuality.
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Moving to another question will save this response Question 1 of 16 Question 1 4 points us Kingdom Corporation has the following. -Preferred stock, $10 par value, 8%, 50.000 shares issued $500,000 -Common stock, $15 par value, 300,000 shares issued and outstanding $4,500,000 In 2020, The company declared and paid $30,000 of cash dividends In 2021, The company declared and paid $150,000 of cash dividend Required: How much is the TOTAL cash dividends that will be distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, assuming the preferred stock is Non-cumulative
The total cash dividends that will be distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, assuming cumulative, is $176,500.
The preferred stock has a par value of $10 per share and a dividend rate of 9%. This means that each share of preferred stock is entitled to a dividend of $0.90 per year. In 2020, the company declared and paid $30,000 of cash dividends. This is not enough to cover the full dividend of $45,000 that is owed to the preferred stockholders, so the preferred stockholders will receive a $0.60 per share dividend in 2021. The common stock has a par value of $15 per share and no dividend rate. This means that the common stockholders are not entitled to any dividends unless the preferred stockholders have been paid their full dividend.
In 2020, the company declared and paid $30,000 of cash dividends. This was enough to cover the full dividend of $45,000 that is owed to the preferred stockholders, so the common stockholders received no dividends.
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fill in the blank.
the adjusting entry to record depreciation debits and credits to_.
Depreciation of a building is a gradual reduction in the value of a building, equipment, or other fixed asset over time due to wear and tear, aging, or obsolescence. Option B is correct: Debit depreciation expense; credit accumulated depreciation
It is a crucial factor in determining the cost of goods sold (COGS) on an income statement. Since it is an expense, it is used in a company's net income calculations and ultimately affects its profitability. The adjusting entry to record the depreciation of a building for a period is as follows: Option B is correct: Debit depreciation expense; credit accumulated depreciation . Depreciation is a non-cash transaction that is used to expense the cost of an asset over its useful life. Since the asset's value is gradually reduced, it is shown as an expense on the income statement. On the other hand, the accumulated depreciation account on the balance sheet is used to track the total amount of the asset that has been depreciated to date. In order to record the depreciation of the asset for a given period, the depreciation expense account must be debited, while the accumulated depreciation account must be credited. This transaction increases the amount of depreciation expense on the income statement while also increasing the amount of accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet.
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complete question: The adjusting entry to record the depreciation of a building for a period is:
a. debit depreciation expense; credit building
b. debit depreciation expense; credit accumulated depreciation
c. debit accumulated depreciation; credit building
d. debit building; credit depreciatin expense
"When workers have a relatively small quantity of capital to use in producing goods and services, giving them an additional unit of capital increases their productivity by a relatively large amount." This statement:
a. is an assertion that production functions have the property of constant returns to scale.
b. is consistent with the view that capital is subject to diminishing returns.
c. is inconsistent with the view that it is easier for a country to grow fast if it starts out relatively poor.
d. all of the above are correct
The statement "When workers have a relatively small quantity of capital to use in producing goods and services, giving them an additional unit of capital increases their productivity by a relatively large amount" is evaluated in terms of its consistency with certain economic concepts.
The options provided are analyzed to determine which one(s) accurately describe the statement. The statement suggests that an increase in capital leads to a relatively large increase in productivity when workers have limited capital. This concept aligns with the idea of diminishing returns to capital, where the marginal productivity of capital decreases as more units of capital are added.
Therefore, option (b) is consistent with the statement. On the other hand, option (a) is not accurate since constant returns to scale imply that increasing all inputs proportionally leads to a proportional increase in output. Option (c) is also not correct because the statement does not directly address the relationship between a country's starting point and its growth rate. Thus, the correct answer is option (b) only.
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National Income (GDP. GNP) 10/6 10 Repart 20 >/10. part HW
National income is the monetary value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a given time period. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are the two main measures used to calculate national income.
GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within the country during a particular period, while GNP is the market value of all final goods and services produced by the country's residents, whether they are located within the country or abroad.
GDP is calculated using the expenditure method, which adds up all the spending on final goods and services within a country during a given period. This includes spending by consumers, businesses, governments, and foreign buyers. GNP, on the other hand, is calculated using the income method, which adds up all the income earned by a country's residents from producing goods and services, whether they are located within the country or abroad.
In terms of which measure is better, it depends on the specific circumstances. For example, if a country has a lot of foreign investment and a large number of its residents working abroad, GNP may be a better measure of national income than GDP. However, if a country has a large number of foreign workers and is heavily reliant on exports, GDP may be a better measure.
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The Jones Company has just completed the third year of a five year MACRS recovery period for a piece of equipment it originally purchased for $298.000 a What is the book value of the equipment? b. If Jones sells the equipment today for $175,000 and its tax rate is 25%, what is the after-tax cash flow from selling it? Note: Assume that the equipment is put into use in year 1. a. What is the book value of the equipment? The book value of the equipment after the third year is $ (Round to the nearest dollar)
The book value of the equipment after the third year can be calculated by applying the MACRS depreciation method. The equipment has a five-year recovery period, and we need to determine the remaining book value at the end of the third year.
To calculate the book value of the equipment after the third year, we need to determine the accumulated depreciation over the first three years. In the MACRS depreciation method, the equipment is depreciated over a five-year recovery period using specific depreciation rates.
The MACRS depreciation rates for the five-year recovery period are as follows: 20%, 32%, 19.2%, 11.52%, and 11.52%. These rates are applied to the original cost of the equipment.
For the Jones Company's equipment, the depreciation expense for each year can be calculated as follows:
Year 1: $298,000 * 20% = $59,600
Year 2: $298,000 * 32% = $95,360
Year 3: $298,000 * 19.2% = $57,216
To find the book value after the third year, we subtract the accumulated depreciation from the original cost:
Book value after the third year = $298,000 - ($59,600 + $95,360 + $57,216) = $85,824
Therefore, the book value of the equipment after the third year is $85,824.
For part b, to calculate the after-tax cash flow from selling the equipment, we need to consider the tax implications. The company will incur a tax liability on the gain from the sale, which is the difference between the selling price and the book value.
The gain on the sale of the equipment is calculated as follows:
Gain = Selling price - Book value = $175,000 - $85,824 = $89,176
The tax liability on the gain is then determined by multiplying the gain by the tax rate:
Tax liability = Gain * Tax rate = $89,176 * 25% = $22,294
The after-tax cash flow from selling the equipment is the selling price minus the tax liability:
After-tax cash flow = Selling price - Tax liability = $175,000 - $22,294 = $152,706
Therefore, the after-tax cash flow from selling the equipment is $152,706.
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A firm reports net income of $403,100.00 for 2020. The firm has a dividend payout ratio of 24.00%. The firm currently has $939,825.00 in debt, and $1,813,500.00 in shareholder equity.
The firm pays 6.00% annual interest on their outstanding debt. The firm wants to maintain its debt to equity ratio.
If the firm wants to maintain its same debt-to-equity ratio, how much debt can the firm issue in the coming year IF the firm will not issue any new shares?
The firm can issue up to approximately $938,536.05 in debt in the coming year while maintaining its same debt-to-equity ratio if it does not issue any new shares.
To calculate the amount of debt the firm can issue while maintaining its debt-to-equity ratio, we need to find the equity value first. The equity value is equal to the total assets minus the total debt.
Equity Value = Total Assets - Total Debt
Equity Value = $1,813,500.00 - $939,825.00
Equity Value = $873,675.00
The firm can issue debt up to the amount that maintains the same debt-to-equity ratio. The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated by dividing the total debt by the equity value.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Equity Value
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = $939,825.00 / $873,675.00
Debt-to-Equity Ratio ≈ 1.074
To maintain the same debt-to-equity ratio, the firm can issue debt up to approximately 1.074 times the equity value.
Maximum Debt Issuance = Debt-to-Equity Ratio x Equity Value
Maximum Debt Issuance ≈ 1.074 x $873,675.00
Maximum Debt Issuance ≈ $938,536.05
Therefore, the firm can issue up to approximately $938,536.05 in debt in the coming year while maintaining its same debt-to-equity ratio if it does not issue any new shares.
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how do a mother and embryo exchange nutrients and waste products?
During pregnancy, the mother's body provides the embryo with nutrients and oxygen as well as removes waste products.
The following is a summary of how a mother and embryo exchange nutrients and waste products. A mother and an embryo exchange nutrients and waste products through the placenta. The placenta is a unique organ that develops during pregnancy and acts as a mediator between the mother's and the embryo's blood systems. Blood flows through the placenta, but the two blood systems are separated by the placental membrane.
However, nutrient and waste products can cross this membrane. The embryo obtains nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood through the placenta, while the mother obtains waste products from the embryo. The placenta acts as an exchange mechanism, allowing nutrients and oxygen to pass through while simultaneously allowing waste products to pass back to the embryo.
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On January 1, the home mortgage balance was $163,000 for the home owned by Kim Howard. The interest rate for the loan is 8.5 percent. Assuming that Kim makes the January monthly mortgage payment of $1956, calculate the following: (a) The amount of interest included in the January payment (round your answer to the nearest cent). (b) The amount of the monthly mortgage payment that will be used to reduce the principal balance. (c) The new balance after Kim makes this monthly mortgage payment. (a) Interest amount: (b) Principal reduction: (c) New balance: $ $ $ X S
(a) Interest amount: In order to calculate the amount of interest included in the January payment, the first step is to calculate the annual interest on the loan balance. Annual interest is calculated as the product of the loan balance and the interest rate.
Interest = Loan balance × Interest rate Interest = $163,000 × 8.5% = $13,855The monthly interest is found by dividing the annual interest by 12. Monthly interest = $13,855 / 12 = $1,154.58. The interest included in the January payment is the monthly interest rounded to the nearest cent. Interest amount = $1,154.58 rounded to the nearest cent = $1,154.57. Answer: (a) Interest amount = $1,154.57. (b) Principal reduction: The monthly mortgage payment is used to pay both the interest and reduce the loan balance. The amount used to reduce the principal balance is the difference between the monthly payment and the interest. Principal reduction = Monthly payment – Interest amount Principal reduction = $1,956 – $1,154.57 Principal reduction = $801.43. Answer: (b) Principal reduction = $801.43. (c) New balance: The new balance after the payment is the difference between the previous balance and the principal reduction. New balance = Previous balance – Principal reduction New balance = $163,000 – $801.43New balance = $162,198.57. Answer: (c) New balance = $162,198.57.
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a large international debt may result in growing levels of sales by home country factories that sell to the subsidiary in the indebted nation. decreased levels of foreign exchange available for importing components for local assembly..
A large international debt may result in decreased levels of foreign exchange available for importing components for local assembly. Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
When a country has a significant debt burden, it often faces challenges in managing its foreign exchange reserves. The debt repayment obligations can put pressure on the country's foreign exchange reserves, reducing the amount available for other purposes, such as importing components for local assembly.
Limited foreign exchange reserves make it difficult for businesses to access the necessary currency to import components from abroad. This can lead to a decrease in the levels of foreign exchange available for importing components, hindering the local assembly and production process. It can result in disruptions to the supply chain, delays in production, and potential shortages of finished goods.
In conclusion, a large international debt can have adverse effects on the availability of foreign exchange, impacting the ability to import components for local assembly.
This highlights the importance of managing debt levels effectively and ensuring the stability of foreign exchange reserves to maintain smooth business operations and economic growth. Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
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Complete Question:
A large international debt may result in?
a. reduction in the level of component production at the local level.
b. decreased levels of foreign exchange available for importing components for local assembly.
c. increased numbers of importers
d. growing levels of sales by home country factories that sell to the subsidiary in the indebted nation.
What are some ways to increase cash flow
What are a few things you can do to take advantage of tax
benefits?
There are several ways businesses can increase their cash flow. A few of them are listed below:1. Increasing prices: Even a small increase in price can improve cash flow significantly.2. Reducing expenses: Reviewing expenses and making cuts where possible can improve cash flow.
3. Offering discounts for early payment: This can encourage customers to pay quickly.4. Implementing better inventory management: This can reduce costs and free up cash that would otherwise be tied up in inventory.5. Improving credit terms: Offering longer payment terms to customers can help generate more sales, and hence cash flow.6. Negotiating with suppliers: Negotiating better payment terms with suppliers can help manage cash flow.A few things you can do to take advantage of tax benefits are:1. Claiming deductions: Claiming tax deductions on business expenses such as rent, wages, and depreciation can reduce taxable income.
2. Investing in assets: Investing in assets such as equipment and property can provide tax benefits such as depreciation and investment tax credits.3. Making charitable donations: Donations to registered charities can provide tax benefits through tax credits and deductions.4. Contributing to retirement plans: Contributing to a retirement plan such as an RRSP or 401(k) can provide tax benefits by reducing taxable income.5. Taking advantage of tax credits: There are several tax credits available to businesses for things such as research and development and hiring certain types of employees.
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On January 1, 2020, Pharoah Ltd. entered into a purchase commitment contract to buy 12,900 oranges from a local company at a price of $0.60 per orange any time during the next year. The contract provides Pharoah with the option either to take delivery of the oranges at any time over the next year, or to settle the contract on a net basis for the difference between the agreed-upon price of $0.60 per orange and the market price per orange for any oranges that have not been delivered. As at January 31, 2020, Pharoah Ltd. did not take delivery of any oranges, and the market price for an orange was $0.55.
Assuming that Pharoah Ltd. follows IFRS, how should Pharoah Ltd. account for this purchase agreement if it fully intends to take delivery of all 12,900 oranges over the next year? Prepare any required journal entries at January 1 and January 31.
Pharoah Ltd. should account for this purchase agreement by using the forward contract accounting method. The journal entries required for January 1 and January 31, 2020, respectively, are given below.
January 1, 2020:At the inception of the purchase commitment contract, there will be no entry recorded in the books of Pharoah Ltd. January 31, 2020:
There will be an entry recorded by the company at the end of the reporting period (January 31, 2020), to account for the changes in the fair value of the contract. The fair value of the contract is the difference between the current market price of oranges and the price agreed in the contract.
The journal entry is given below: Account, Debit, Credit Loss on purchase commitment contract ($0.60 – $0.55) × 12,900= $6,450 Accounts Payable $6,450Note:Since the price of oranges has fallen, Pharoah Ltd. has incurred a loss on the purchase commitment contract. The loss of $6,450 is recognized in the profit and loss statement.
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