How did the work of Dmitri Mendeleev differ from that of John Newlands in the development of the periodic table?

Answer:

[tex]n=0.033mole[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Initial volume [tex]V_1=0.40L[/tex]

Final Volume[tex]V_2=5.0L[/tex]

Work [tex]W=210J[/tex]

Temperature [tex]T=300k[/tex]

Generally the equation for Ideal gas is mathematically given by

[tex]W=nRTIn\frac{V_2}{V_1}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{W}{RTIn\frac{V_2}{V_1}}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{210}{8.32*300In\frac{5.0}{0.4}}[/tex]

[tex]n=0.033mole[/tex]

Answer:

a. 2..86 b. 4.86 c. 10.7 d. 8.7

Explanation:

a. Determine a pH at which 50% of ClCH2COOH will be in a form that possesses a charge.

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,

pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA]

where [A⁻] = concentration of conjugate base (or charged form) and [HA] = concentration of acid.

At 50% concentration, [A⁻] = [HA] ⇒ [A⁻]/[HA] = 1

So, pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA]

pH = pKa + log1

pH = pKa = 2.86

b. Determine a pH at which pH more than 99% of ClCH2COOH will be in a form that possesses a charge.

Let x be the concentration of the acid. Since 99% of it should possess a charge, the basic concentration is 0.99x while the acidic concentration is remaining 1 % (1 - 0.99)x = 0.01x

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,

pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA] where [A⁻] = concentration of conjugate base (or charged form) = 0.99x and [HA] = concentration of acid = 0.01x.

pH = pKa + log0.99x/0.01x

pH = pKa + log0.99/0.01

pH = 2.86 + log99

pH = 2.86 + 1.996

pH = 4.856

pH ≅ 4.86

c. Determine a pH at which 50% of CH3CH2NH+3 will be in a form that possesses a charge.

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,

pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA]

where [A⁻] = concentration of conjugate base and [HA] = concentration of acid.

At 50% concentration, [A⁻] = [HA] ⇒ [A⁻]/[HA] = 1

So, pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA]

pH = pKa + log1

pH = pKa = 10.7

d. Determine a pH at which pH more than 99% of CH3CH2NH+3 will be in a form that possesses a charge.

Let x be the concentration of the acid. Since 99% of it should possess a charge, the basic concentration is 0.01x while the acidic concentration is remaining 99 % (1 - 0.01)x = 0.99x (which possesses the charge).

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,

pH = pKa + log[A⁻]/[HA] where [A⁻] = concentration of conjugate base = 0.01x and [HA] = concentration of acid = 0.99x.

pH = pKa + log0.01x/0.99x

pH = pKa + log1/99

pH = 10.7 - log99

pH = 10.7 - 1.996

pH = 8.704

pH ≅ 8.7

Answer:

1. Participating in calcium homeostatis storage of calcium.

2. High capacity calcium (Ca) regulation and protection against herbivory

[tex]\large \boxed{\sf 2 \: functions \: of \: crystals \: are :- } [/tex]

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[tex] \sf \: \underline{ Calcium \: oxalate \: (CaOx) \: crystals} \: are \: distributed \: \\\sf among \: all \: taxonomic \: levels \\ \sf\: of \: photosynthetic \: organisms \: from \\ \sf \: small \: algae \: to \: angiosperms \: and \: giant \: gymnosperms .[/tex]

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[tex]\sf Bone \: is \: mostly \: made \: of \: \underline{mineral \: crystals} \: \\ \sf and \: the \: protein \: collagen. \: The \: mineral  \: crystals \: bone  \\ \sf\: provide \: strength \: and \: rigidity \: for \: the \: matrix \: upon \: \\ \sf \: and \: within \: which \: they \: are \: deposited.[/tex]

Answer:

O2(g) + 2H2O(l) --------> 2H2O2(aq) + 2e

Explanation:

An oxidation reaction reaction refers to a reaction in which electrons are lost. In this case, we are about to see the full balanced half-reaction for the oxidation of liquid water to aqueous hydrogen peroxide in basic aqueous solution.

The full equation is;

O2(g) + 2H2O(l) --------> 2H2O2(aq) + 2e

So, two electrons were lost in the process.

Answer:

are in the same orbital

Explanation:

Answer:

are in the same orbit

Explanation:

Answer:

6.214 degrees-mL/gdm

Explanation:

The specific rotation α' = α/LC where α = observed rotation, L = length of tube and C = concentration of solution.

Given that α = 1.74, L = length of cell = 50 mm = 0.50 dm and C = m/V where m = mass of glyceraldehyde = 5.60 g and V = volume = 10 ml

So, C = m/V = 5.60 g/10 ml = 0.560 g/ml

Since α' = α/LC

substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

α' = α/LC

α' = 1.74/(0.50 dm × 0.560 g/ml)

α' = 1.74/(0.28 gdm/l)

α' = 0.006214 °mL/gdm

α' = 6.214 °mL/gdm

α' = 6.214 degrees-mL/gdm

Answer:

0 J

Explanation:

Applying,

ΔE = q+w................ Equation 1

Where ΔE = change in internal energy of the system, q = Heat of the system, w = work of the system.

Note: q is positive, while w is negative

From the question,

Given: q = 425 J, w = -425 J

Substitute these values into equation 1

ΔE = 425-425

ΔE = 0 J

Hence the change in internal energy of the system is 0 J

Answer:

0.17 g

Explanation:

Since the volume of gas collected is 132 mL, we need to find the number of moles of gas present in 132 mL.

So, number of moles, n = volume of gas, v/molar volume, V

n = v/V where v = 132 mL = 0.132 L and V = 22.4 L

So, substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

n = v/V

n = 0.132 L/22.4 L

n = 0.005893 mol

We then need to calculate the molar mass of CO, M = atomic mass of carbon + atomic mass of oxygen = 12 g/mol + 16 g/mol = 28 g/mol

Also, number of moles of gas, n = m/M where m = mass of CO and M = molar mass of CO

m = nM

m = 0.005893 mol × 28 g/mol

m = 0.165004 g

m ≅ 0.17 g to 2 significant digits

Answer:

Kc = [Zn²⁺] / [Cd²⁺]

Explanation:

Let's consider the spontaneous redox reaction between Cd²⁺ and Zn.

Cd²⁺(aq) + Zn(s) ⇄ Cd(s) + Zn²⁺(aq)

The equilibrium constant, Kc, is the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of products over the equilibrium concentrations of reactants each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. It only includes gases and aqueous species.

Kc = [Zn²⁺] / [Cd²⁺]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The molecule IF5 possesses five I-F polar bonds. However, the presence of polar bonds does not automatically imply that the molecule will be polar.

The geometry of the molecule is very important in determining the polarity of a compound. Since IF5 has a lone pair of electrons, the molecule is bent and as such there is a permanent dipole moment created in the molecule thereby making IF5 polar in nature.

Answer:

2.23M

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is calculated thus

Molarity = number of moles (n) ÷ volume (V)

According to this question, 4.11g of Zn metal was used in order to reach a volume of EDTA solution of 28.26 mL.

28.26mL = 28.26/1000

= 0.02826L

Using mole = mass/molar mass to calculate no. of moles of Zn

Mole = 4.11/65.4

mole = 0.0628mol

Molarity = 0.0628 ÷ 0.02826

Molarity = 2.23M

The concentration of the EDTA solution used is 2.23M

Answer:

3.00 L

Explanation:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

V₁ = 1.00 L

P₁ = (x) atm

P₂ = [tex]\frac{1}{3}[/tex] · (P₁) = [tex]\frac{x}{3}[/tex]

V₂ = unknown

(x atm)(1.00 L) = ( [tex]\frac{x}{3}[/tex] atm)(V₂)

divide both sides by ( [tex]\frac{x}{3}[/tex] atm)

( 1.00x )( [tex]\frac{3}{x}[/tex] ) = V₂

x cancels out

(1.00)(3) = V₂

V₂ = 3.00 L

First Reaction is a Decomposition reaction as a single reactant hets decompoesed to form two products.Second reaction is a Synthesis reaction as two Reactant reacts together to form one product.

Decomposition reactions are processes in which chemical species break up into simpler parts.

Usually, decomposition reactions require energy input.

Hence, First Reaction is a Decomposition reaction as a single reactant hets decompoesed to form two products.Second reaction is a Synthesis reaction as two Reactant reacts together to form one product.

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Answer:

(A) Slipping and breaking

(B) Clean and dry

(C) Cracks

Explanation:

This describes the process of unpacking a glassware for use.

You should set out support like a cork ring or clamp (these are simple machines that'll hold the glassware in place) before removing the glassware from a glassware kit; to place the glassware in and to stop it from slipping and breaking.

Thoroughly check that the glassware is clean and dry and that it does not have any cracks, before using it.

Answer:

Physical

Chemical

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are the forces that hold the molecules of a substance together in a particular state of matter. They decide the physical properties of a substance.

The intra molecular forces are the bond forces that hold atoms together in molecules. The nature of this bonding determines the chemical properties of substances.

Answer: Organic compounds ending with the name (-ene) indicate that the compounds contain double bonds in their molecules.

Explanation:

Organic compounds are those molecules that contains carbon atoms (as their main element), hydrogen and oxygen which are usually present. The presence of numerous organic compounds is due to the following properties of carbon:

--> the exceptional ability of carbon atoms to catenate, that is, to combine with one another to form straight chains, branched chains or ring compounds containing many carbon atoms.

--> The ease with which carbon combines with hydrogen, oxygen, Nitrogen and halogens

--> The ability of carbon atoms to form single, DOUBLE or triple bonds.

The organic compound that has the name ending with -ene are known as the alkenes. The members of the alkene series are formed from the alkanes by the removal of two hydrogen atoms and the introduction of a DOUBLE BOND in the carbon chain. They are named after the corresponding alkanes by changing the -ane ending to -ene.

Note: the systematic name of a compound is formed from the root hydrocarbon by adding a suffix and prefixes to denote the substitution of the hydrogen atoms.

Answer:

41 g

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

Cr(NO3)3(aq)+Na3PO4(aq)=3NaNO3(s)+CrPO4(aq)

Number of moles of chromium nitrate = 37g/ 146.97 g/mol = 0.25 moles

1 mole of sodium phosphate reacts with 1 mole of chromium nitrate

x moles of sodium phosphate react as with 0.25 moles of chromium nitrate

x= 1 × 0.25/1

x= 0.25 moles

Mass of sodium phosphate = 0.25 moles × 163.94 g/mol

Mass of sodium phosphate = 41 g

endothermic absorbs heat

exothermic gives heat

a. endothermic

b. exothermic

c. endothermic

d. exothermic

a. Ice melting - endothermic

b. Water condensing on the surface - exothermic

c. Baking a cake - endothermic

d. The chemical reaction inside an instant cold pack - endothermic

e. A car using gasoline - exothermic

An exothermic reaction can be described as a thermodynamic chemical reaction that emits energy from the system to its surroundings usually in the form of light, heat, or sound.

While an endothermic reaction can be described as an opposite of an exothermic reaction where the energy gains in the form of heat. In exothermic chemical reactions, the bond energy is transformed into thermal energy.

In exothermic reactions, the reaction happens the form of the kinetic energy of molecules when the energy is released. The release of energy is due to the electronic transition of electrons from one energy level to another.

The burning of gasoline, and water condensation is also an exothermic reaction in which energy is released while ice melting and baking cake is an endothermic reaction.

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Answer:

2.772 seconds

Explanation:

Given that;

t1/2 = 0.693/k

Where;

t1/2 = half life of the reaction

k= rate constant

Note that decomposition is a first order reaction since the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of one reactant

t1/2 = 0.693/2.5 x 10-1 s-1

t1/2= 2.772 seconds

Answer:

pH= 1.9 then [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]

pH = 5.0 , [tex]CH_{3} COOH[/tex]

pH = 3.9 , HCOOH

As we know range left [tex]pH= pKa+/- 1[/tex]

Answer: Chemicals like acids and bases are harmful and must be neutralized before draining.

Explanation:

A strong acid or strong base is required to be diluted or neutralized before it is discarded in the drain as if is discarded without diluting and neutralization it can spill and splash from sink or drain and can harm people in chemistry lab, moreover the fumes of the discarded chemical on spilling can cause respiratory tract burning and can even cause fire hazard so it must be converted into less harmful form and then must be drained.  

Ethane consists of 6C−H bonds and 1C−C bond. Total number of bonds is 7. Each bond is made up of two electrons

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Answer:

1.00 M

Explanation:

Sn^2+ reacts with KMNO4 as follows;

5Sn^2+(aq) + 2MnO4^-(aq) + 16H^+(aq) ----> 5Sn^4+(aq) + 2Mn^+(aq) + 8H2O(l)

The number of moles of MnO4^- reacted = 42.1/1000 L × 0.145 mol/L

= 0.0061 moles

If 5 moles of Sn^2+ reacts with 2 moles of MnO4^-

x moles of Sn^2+ reacts with 0.0061 moles of MnO4^-

x= 5 × 0.0061/2

x= 0.015 moles

Since the volume of the Sn^2+ solution is 15.00mL or 0.015 L

number of moles = concentration × volume

Concentration = number of moles/volume

Concentration= 0.015 moles/0.015 L

Concentration = 1 M

Answer:

CH3OH < FCH2OH < F2CHOH < F3COH

Explanation:

Let us recall that, for a carboxylic acid, the dissociation of the acid yields;

RCOOH ⇄RCOO^- + H^+

The ease of dissociation and release of the hydrogen ion depends on the nature of the group designated R.

When R is is a highly electronegative element, the -I inductive effect causes the hydrogen to become less tightly held by the C-Cl bond.

As the number of electron withdrawing substituents increaseses, the acid ionizes much more and becomes stronger.CH3OH < FCH2OH < F2CHOH < F3COH

Hence, the order of decreasing acid strength is;

Answer:

Option C

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Difference in energy [tex]\delta E =3.49 * 10^{-17} J[/tex]

The Ground state Difference in energy at n=1

[tex]\delta E_g = 2.18 * 10^{-18} × Z^2[/tex]

Generally the equation for Difference in energy is mathematically given by

[tex]\delta E=\delta E_g[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]3.49 * 10^{-17} = 2.18 * 10^{-18} * Z^2[/tex]

[tex]Z^2=16[/tex]

[tex]Z=4[/tex]

Therefore

Charge on element Z Q_Z

[tex]Q_Z= Atomic\ no\. of\ element - No.\ of\ electrons\ of\ element[/tex]

[tex]Q_Z =4-1[/tex]

[tex]Q_Z=+3[/tex]

Option C

Answer:

a) C₆H₁₂O + 8.5 O₂ ⇒ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

b) Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3 Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ 3 BaSO₄ + 2 Fe(OH)₃

Explanation:

a) A combustion is a reaction of a compound with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The corresponding equation is:

C₆H₁₂O + O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + H₂O

We will start balancing C atoms by multiplying CO₂ by 6 and H atoms by multiplying H₂O by 6.

C₆H₁₂O + O₂ ⇒ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Then, we get the balanced equation by multiplying O₂ by 8.5.

C₆H₁₂O + 8.5 O₂ ⇒ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

b) This is a double displacement reaction of the general structure:

Salt 1 + Base 1 = Salt 2 + Base 2

The corresponding equation is:

Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ BaSO₄ + Fe(OH)₃

First, we will balance Fe atoms by multiplying Fe(OH)₃ by 2 and S atoms by multiplying BaSO₄ by 3.

Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ 3 BaSO₄ + 2 Fe(OH)₃

Then, we will get the balanced equation by multiplying Ba(OH)₂ by 3.

Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3 Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ 3 BaSO₄ + 2 Fe(OH)₃

Answer:

a.[tex]\bold{C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\rightarrow 6CO_{2}+6H_{2}O}[/tex]

△H=−72 kcal

The energy required for production of 1.6 g of glucose is [molecular mass of glucose is 180 gm]

b.

[tex]\bold{Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}+3Ba(OH)_{2}\rightarrow 3BaSO_{4}+2Fe(OH)_{3}}[/tex]

The iron(III) ions and chloride ions remain aqueous and are spectator ions in a reaction that produces solid barium sulfate.

Answer:

Explanation:

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Answer :  The work done for path A and path B is -685.3 J and -478.1 J  respectively.

Explanation :

To calculate the work done for path A :

First we have to calculate the moles of the gas.

where,

= initial pressure of gas  = 2.57 atm

= initial volume of gas  = 3.42 L

n = moles of gas  = ?

R = gas constant = 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K

T = temperature of gas  = 298 K

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

According to the question, this is the case of isothermal reversible expansion of gas.

As per first law of thermodynamic,

where,

= internal energy

q = heat

w = work done

As we know that, the term internal energy is the depend on the temperature and the process is isothermal that means at constant temperature.

So, at constant temperature the internal energy is equal to zero.

The expression used for work done will be,

where,

w = work done on the system = ?

n = number of moles of gas  = 0.359 mole

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/mole K

T = temperature of gas  = 298 K

= initial volume of gas  = 3.42 L

= final volume of gas  = 7.39 L

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get :

Thus, the work done of path A is, -685.3 J

To calculate the work done for path B :

The formula used for isothermally irreversible expansion is :

where,

w = work done

= external pressure = 1.19 atm

= initial volume of gas = 3.42 L

= final volume of gas = 7.39 L

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get :

Thus, the work done of path B is, -478.1 J

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Number of moles = reacting mass/molar mass

Number of moles of CaCl2•2H2O = 1.50 g/147.02 = 0.0102 moles

From the equation;

Na2CO3 + CaCl2•2H2O -> CaCO3 + 2NaCl + 2H2O

We can see is 1:1

1 mole of Na2CO3 reacts with 1 mole of CaCl2•2H2O

x moles of Na2CO3 reacts with 0.0102 moles of CaCl2•2H2O

x = 1 × 0.0102 moles/1

x = 0.0102 moles of Na2CO3

Mass of Na2CO3 = 0.0102 moles of Na2CO3 × 106g/mol = 1.08 g of Na2CO3