Brace Corporation uses direct labor-hours as the cost driver in its normal costing system. Brace budgeted that it would use 21,600 direct-labor hours during the year. At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for the year were 20,400 hours, the actual manufacturing overhead for the year was $506,920, and Brace had $20,440 of underapplied overhead. The budgeted manufacturing overhead must have been: Round to the nearest dollar.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

total estimated overhead costs for the period= $515,095.2

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the allocated overhead:

Under/over applied overhead= real overhead - allocated overhead

20,440 = 506,920 - allocated overhead

allocated overhead= $486,480

Now, we can determine the predetermined overhead rate:

Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base

486,480= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate*20,400

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= 486,480/20,400

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= $23.847 per direct labor hour

Finally, the estimated overhead for the period:

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

23.847= total estimated overhead costs for the period/21,600

total estimated overhead costs for the period= 21,600*23.847

total estimated overhead costs for the period= $515,095.2


Related Questions

The East Company manufactures several different products. Unit costs associated with Product ORD105 are as follows: Direct materials $92 Direct manufacturing labor 32 Variable manufacturing overhead 12 Fixed manufacturing overhead 32 Sales commissions (2% of sales) 26 Administrative salaries 6 Total $200 What is the percentage of the total variable costs per unit associated with Product ORD105 with respect to total cost

Answers

Answer:

81%

Explanation:

Variable cost per unit = Direct material + Direct manufacturing labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Sales commission

Variable cost per unit = $92 + $32 + $12 + $26

Variable cost per unit = $162

Total cost per unit = $200

Percentage of variable cost per unit to Total cost per unit = Variable cost per unit/Total cost per unit = 162/200 = 0.81 = 81%

If Congress votes to increase spending and taxes by the same amount, what is the effect on employment and interest rates

Answers

Answer:

a. Increase / Increase

Explanation:

Since in the question it is mentioned that there is an increase in taxes and government spending so it represents the positive stimuls as it occurs because the government incurrent all the revenue for the public welfare due to which there is a rise in the government expenditure that boost the aggregate demand also the GDP value would be rise because of the multiplier effect

Therefore the employment level and the rate of interest would also increased

Answer:

The correct answer was increase / no change

Explanation:

Just took the test

Magix Productions orders new equipment for the company. The new equipment costs $50,000 and will help the company to save $10,000 annually. What is the average rate of return of the equipment?
A. 15 percent
B. 20 percent
C. 35 percent
D. 40 percent

Answers

Answer:

B. 20 percent

Explanation:

The computation of the average rate of return of the equipment is shown below:

= Average net profit or savings ÷ average investment

= ($10,000 ÷ 2) ÷ ($50,000 ÷ 2)

= $5,000 ÷ $25,000

= 20%

hence, the average rate of return of the equipment is 20%

We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come

And, the same is to be considered

The money demand function for an economy is given by (M/P)d = (0.6Y)/(i1/2). If output is 1,000 units, the nominal interest rate is 9%, and the money supply is $1,200, the price level is _____.

Answers

Answer:

$0.6

Explanation:

Nominal interest rate (i) = 9% = 0.09

Output (Y) = 1,000

Money supply(M) = 1,200

==> (M/P)^d = (0.6Y) / i^(1/2)

==> 1200/P = 0.6*1000 / 0.09^(1/2)

==> 1200/P = 600 / 0.3

==> 1200/P = 2000

==> 1200 = 2000 * P

==> P = 1200/2000

==> P = $0.6

Therefore, the price level is $0.6

Two major concerns of Management Accounting are:
a. Controlling and Executing.
b. Controlling and Investigating.
C. Planning and Controlling.
d. Planning and Investigating.

Answers

C




Hope this helps




Hope

Mark, a project manager for a bottling company, has a $500,000 budget. As of today's date, $100,000 has been spent on the project. What is the project's actual cost?
a. $500,000
b. $400,000
c. $250,000
d. $100,000

Answers

B. 400,000

Because you do 500,000 minus 100,000 to get the answer and which the answers is 400,000
So the project actual cost 400,000

A firm has a return on equity of 16 percent. The total asset turnover is 1.5 and the profit margin is 9 percent. The total equity is $3,500. What is the net income?

Answers

Answer:

the net income is $560

Explanation:

The computation of the net income is shown below;

Return on equity (ROE) = net income ÷ total equity

16% = net income ÷ $3,500

net income = $3,500 × 16%

= $560

hence, the net income is $560

We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come

And, the same is to be considered

In ________, salespeople are independent contractors who not only sell the product, but also recruit additional salespeople.

Answers

Answer:

Multi-level marketing.

Explanation:

A business organization that is run with multi-level marketing strategy typically has 3 sources of income:

- The amount of money that each person have to pay in order to gain the membership status.

- The amount of money that memberships owners have to pay to be a distributor of their product

- The amount of money that they get from the sales of their product.

Most multi-level marketing companies will provide their members with some sort of 'Reward' if they managed to convert other people into purchasing memberships to organization. So, the more their members convert other people, the more wealthy that members will be. This will create a hierarchy like within an organization where the members who bring the most memberships place at the top of the hierarchy.  

Mr. Gomez is a company president who inspires his workers to be their very best and achieve high accomplishments. He encourages them to trust their capabilities and be confident. Mr. Gomez is exhibiting:____________.
a. inspirational motivation
b. charisma
c. developmental value
d. managerial prowess

Answers

Answer:

c is the correct answer

There are different kinds of leaders. Mr. Gomez is exhibiting Charisma.

Charismatic authority is known to be a type of leadership created by the German sociologist Max Weber. It is an organization setting where leadership authority gets it power from the charisma of the leader.

This type of leadership is when a leader uses charismatic qualities to inspire followers. Example is Martin Luther King Jr.

learn more from

https://brainly.com/question/24862456

Tempo Company's fixed budget (based on sales of 16,000 units) for the first quarter reveals the following
FixedBudget
Sales (16,000 units X $211 per unit) 2184,000
Cost of goods sold
Direct materials 322,000
Direct labor 602,000
Production supplies 392,000
Plant manager salary 122,000 14,38,000
Gross profit 13,76,000
Selling expenses
Sales commissions 112,000
Packaging 210,000
Advertising 100,000 422,000
Administrative expenses
Administrative salaries 172,000
Depreciation-office equip. 142,000
Insurance 112,000
Office rent 122,000 548,000
Income from operations 406,000
(1) Compute the total variable cost per unit.
(2) Compute the total fixed costs.
(3) Compute the income from operations for sales volume of 14,000 units.
(4) Compute the income from operations for sales volume of 18,000 units.

Answers

Answer:

Part 1

Consider the incremental effects as follows

Sales (2,300 × $75)                              $172,500

Less Variable Costs ( 2,300 × $25)    ($57,500)

Contribution                                          $115,000

Less Fixed Costs                                  ($12,500)

Change in Operating Income             $102,500

Part 2

Consider the incremental effects as follows

Sales (2,300 × $75)                              $172,500

Less Variable Costs ( 2,300 × $25)    ($57,500)

Contribution                                          $115,000

Less Fixed Costs                                  ($12,500)

Change in Operating Income             $102,500

Part 3

Consider the incremental effects as follows

Sales (2,300 × $75)                              $172,500

Less Variable Costs ( 2,300 × $25)    ($57,500)

Contribution                                          $115,000

Less Fixed Costs                                  ($12,500)

Change in Operating Income             $102,500

The aggregate planning approach that lends itself to examining many solutions is:_________
A. the transportation method of linear programming.
B. graphical techniques.
C. the linear decision rule.
D. Bowman's management coefficients model.

Answers

Answer:

B. graphical techniques.

Explanation:

The graphical methods would be applied in the case when the facts are assessed in a quantitive way. Also it is a main part for the investigation that contains exploratory information

Therefore in the given situation, for examining many solutions under the aggregate planning approach the graphical techniques would be considered

hence, the correct option is B

On August 1, a $39,600, 8%, 3-year installment note payable is issued by a company. The note requires equal payments of principal plus accrued interest of $15,366.13. The entry to record the first payment on July 31 would include: Multiple Choice Debit to Cash of $15,366.13. Credit to Notes Payable of $15,366.13 Debit to Interest Expense of $3,168.00. Debit to Notes Payable of $15,366.13 Credit to Cash $12,198.13

Answers

Answer:

Debit to Notes Payable of $15,366.13

Explanation:

The Notes Payable are debited and Cash is Credited. This is done to show the decrease in the Liability and a decrease in Assets as a result of the repayment.

According to the liquidity preference model, if the Federal Reserve increases the money supply, the equilibrium interest rate ________, and this leads to _________ in the quantity demanded of nonmonetary interest-bearing financial assets.
a) falls; an increase.b) falls; a decrease.c) rises; an increase.d) rises; a decrease.

Answers

Answer:

b) falls; a decrease

Explanation:

According to the liquidity preference model, if the Federal Reserve increases the money supply, the equilibrium interest rate falls and this leads to a decrease in the quantity demanded of non-monetary interest-bearing financial assets.

Liquidity preference model which is also the Keynesian theory of money demand, says that people need money for three major objective transaction motive, precautionary motive, and speculative motive.  The increase in money supply decreases interest rate and increases the quantity of money demanded and the decreases the quantity demanded of non-monetary interest-bearing financial assets.

Baker is single and earned $225,200 of salary as an employee in 2018. How much should his employer have withheld from his paycheck for FICA taxes? (Rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount)
A) $11,453
B) $10,861
C) $10,415
D) $15,892

Answers

Answer: $11,453

Explanation:

In 2008:

FICA-Social Security tax was payable at 6.2% of a limit of $128,400.

FICA-Medicare tax was payable at 1.45% of the total amount of $225,200.

Additional Medicare tax was payable on any amount in excess of $200,000 at 0.9%.

= (6.2% * 128,400) + (225,200 * 1.45%) + ( (225,200 - 200,000) * 0.9%))

= $11,453

Economies of scale are associated with:________
a. indivisible setup costs.
b. diminishing marginal productivity.
c. zero setup costs.
d. the short run.

Answers

Answer:

b. diminishing marginal productivity.

Explanation:

Economies of scale means that as total output increases, the average total cost per unit decreases. This continues until a point where marginal costs will start to increase as well as average total cost per unit. In other words, marginal productivity decreases as total output increases, and at one point it will become negative.

Lacy set her textbook under her chair in her business law class and then forgot to take it with her when she left the classroom. A janitor later discovered the textbook and gave it to the Dean of the Business College. In this situation:___________.a. the college is a constructive bailee, obligated to return the textbook to Lacy, and until it does, it is liable for harm to the property.b. the college is a bailee by agreement because holding items in a lost and found box is generally part of the college-student agreement when the student enrolls for classes.c. the college is responsible for the discovered textbook because in this situation, the college is subject to implied warranties unless the college has disclaimed such warranties in the student handbook.d. this is a bailment for the sole benefit of the bailee.

Answers

Answer:

a. the college is a constructive bailee, obligated to return the textbook to Lacy, and until it does, it is liable for harm to the property.

Explanation:

When a party comes into possession of a property not by contractual agreement, they are referred to as constructive bailee and are obligated to take care of the property till it is returned to the owner.

The bailee does not willingly take possession of the property, rather unforseen circumstances leads to them possessing it.

This is common when a person forgets his property in a place.

In the given scenario the college (Dean of Business College) became a constructive bailee when they recieved the misplaced textbook. So they are obligated to care for the textbook till it get back to Lacy or be held liable for any harm done

Define rivalry and excludability and use these terms to discuss the four categories of goods. Rivalry is the situation that occurs when

Answers

Answer:Rivalry is the situation where there is competition between markets on determining who gets the customer base or who wins the customers heart.

While excludability could be defined as a situation where goods are limited or exclusive to only customers who pay

Explanation:

Rivalry is the situation where there is competition between markets on determining who gets the customer base or who wins the customers heart.

Excludability could be defined as a situation where goods are limited or exclusive to only customers who pay

-A private good is both a rivalry and excludability good because it includes things such as: food, clothing, or a haircut.

-A public good is neither rival nor excludable, because their often supplied by the government such as national defense.

-A quasi-public good is excludable, including things such as cable, internet, or iPhones.

-A common resource is rival, including things such as forest land.

All member states of the European Union apply a single set of tariffs, called the ____ tariff, on goods imported from outside the European Union

Answers

Answer:

Common Customs

Explanation:

A tariff is a form of tax levied on the import of goods and services. It is used to regulate the import of goods.

Tariffs are used to regulate imports as they increase the price of imports

****ECONOMICS****Which situation is an example of a person making use of credit?

A. A mechanic borrows money from a bank to buy a new set of
expensive tools.

B. A farmer changes the type of crops she grows to make a greater
profit.

C. An architect puts his weekly paychecks into a savings account at
a local bank.

D. A college student saves money in order to buy a cheap used car.

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Using credit is borrowing.

The situation that represents the example of using credit is borrowing some money for purchasing expensive tools.

The following information does not relate to the usage of credit:

When the types of crops vary for the highest profit. When the architect puts the weekly paychecks at the local bank.And, when the college student saved the money for purchasing the cheap and used car.

Based on the above information we can conclude that the situation that represents the example of using credit is borrowing some money for purchasing expensive tools.

Learn more: brainly.com/question/23020158

According to Miller and Modigliani, in a world without taxes or the possibility of bankruptcy, the value of a firm with debt is.:_____

Answers

Answer:

the same as the value of a firm without debt.

basic premise is:

V levered = V unlevered

Explanation:

The Miller and Modigliani theory was developed for a tax free world. Its application on normal everyday life and reality is limited. Markets are not efficient and decisions are not always rational. It is a very good model form a theoretical point of view, but theory is not the same as reality.

Assuming that an investor requires a 10% annual yield over the next twelve years, how much would she be willing to pay for the right to receive $20,000 at the end of year 12?

Answers

Answer:

the present value is $6,372.62

Explanation:

The computation of the amount that willing to pay is shown below

As we know that

Future value = Present value × (1 + rate of interest)^number of years

$20,000 = Present value × (1 + 0.10)^20

$20,000 = Present value × 3.13842837

So, the present value is

= $20,000 ÷  3.13842837

= $6,372.62

hence, the present value is $6,372.62

We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come

And, the same is to be considered

Benet Company has budgeted the following unit sales:
2019 2020
Quarter Units Quarter Units
1 1105,000 1 4120,000
2 190,000
3 260,000
4 375,000
The finished goods inventory on hand on December 31, 2018 was 21,000 units. It is the company's policy to maintain a finished goods inventory at the end of each quarter equal to 20% of the next quarter's anticipated sales. Prepare a production budget for 2019.

Answers

Answer:

Benet Company

Production Budget for 2019:

                                          Quarter   Quarter     Quarter   Quarter

                                                1               2               3              4

Ending inventory           38,000      52,000        75,000       24,000

Units Sold                    105,000     190,000     260,000     375,000

Units available for

 production                 143,000    242,000     335,000     399,000

Beginning Inventory     21,000       38,000       52,000       75,000

Units produced          122,000     204,000     283,000     324,000

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

     2019                  2020

Quarter Units        Quarter Units

1           105,000       1        120,000

2           190,000

3          260,000

4          375,000

Ending inventory

December 31, 2018 = 21,000

Quarter 1, 2019 =       38,000 (190,000 * 20%)

Quarter 2, 2019 =     52,000 (260,000 * 20%)

Quarter 3, 2019 =     75,000 (375,000 * 20%)

Quarter 4, 2019 =     24,000 (120,000 * 20)

Production Budget for 2019:

                                          Quarter   Quarter     Quarter   Quarter

                                                1               2               3              4

Ending inventory           38,000      52,000        75,000       24,000

Units Sold                    105,000     190,000     260,000     375,000

Units available for

 production                 143,000    242,000     335,000     399,000

Beginning Inventory     21,000       38,000       52,000       75,000

Units produced          122,000     204,000     283,000    324,000

Studies have shown that the single greatest factor preventing travelers from taking a group tour is their aversion to airline travel.

True or False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

im not sure qwq

________ refers to the demand and availability of an occupation.

Answers

i think profession

Explanation:

so it can be right also wrong also

Suppose Rhonda owns and operates a surf shop. Last week, Rhonda ran a 30-percent off sale on all items in her shop and her revenues decreased by 35 percent. Everything else held constant, it can be concluded with certainty that Rhonda's customers' demand is:________.
A. price inelastic
B. price elastic
C. unit elastic

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price

revenue = price x quantity

if price decreased by 30% and total revenue decreased by 35%, then PED is inelastic

a will show you in an example

original price = $10

original quantity = 100

if PED was unit elastic

= 30% / -30% = -1, sales volume increased by 30%

total revenue went form $1,000 to $910

if PED was elastic

= 50% / -30% = -1.7, sales volume increased by more than 30%, lets say 50%

total revenue went from $1,000 to $1,050

if PEd was inelastic

= 10% / -30% = -0.33, sales volume increased by less that 30%, lets say 10%

total revenue went from $1,000 to $770

the more inelastic, the larger the decrease in total revenue

The demand of Rhonda's customers would be characterized as:

A). Price Inelastic

"Price Inelastic demand" is described as the demand in which the demand remains a little affected by a bigger change in the price of that product or commodity. In the given situation, the demand for the surf at Rhonda's shop would be considered price inelastic because, despite the 30% off, the revenue of her shop decreased. This implies that the surf exemplifies an essential item and its consumers are not much affected by the fall in the price.

Thus, option A is the correct answer.

Learn more about "Elasticity of Demand" here:

brainly.com/question/15654343

Net capital outflow measures the imbalance between the amount of a. foreign assets held by domestic residents and domestic assets held by foreign residents. b. foreign assets bought by domestic residents and the amount of domestic assets bought by foreigners. c. foreign assets bought by domestic residents and the amount of domestic goods and services sold to foreigners. d. None of the above is correct

Answers

Answer:

b) the imbalance between the amount of foreign assets bought by domestic residents and the amount of domestic assets bought by foreigners.

Explanation:

Net capital outflow can be regarded as net flow of invested funds in country abroad by a home country during a particular period of time. It should be noted that the Net capital outflow measures the imbalance between the amount of the imbalance between the amount of foreign assets bought by domestic residents and the amount of domestic assets bought by foreigners.

Monopoly firms face a. downward-sloping demand curves, so they can sell only the specific price-quantity combinations that lie on the demand curve. b. horizontal demand curves, so they can sell only a limited quantity of output at each price. c. horizontal demand curves, so they can sell as much output as they desire at the market price. d. downward-sloping demand curves, so they can sell as much output as they desire at the market price.

Answers

Answer:

Option d (downward..................................market price) would be the right approach.

Explanation:

The monopoly is attributed to the idea that an organization and therefore its distribution channels control one market or business. Monopolies may be called a social consequence of unlimited access competition and therefore are frequently further used to characterize an organization that had already absolute or relatively close market power.

Other options aren't connected to something like the situation in question. So the above alternative seems to be the right one.

When analyzing the Production Possibility Curve, what is the value of a good given up in order to produce more of another good?

Answers

Answer:

reschedule for next week and I will be there in a few minutes to

Your Boston-headquartered manufacturing company, Wruck Enterprises, obtained a 54-million-peso loan from a Mexico City bank last month to fund the expansion of your Monterrey, Mexico, plant. The exchange rate was 14 U.S. cents per peso when you took out the loan, but since then the exchange rate has dropped to 7 U.S. cents per peso. Has Wruck Enterprises made a gain or a loss due to the exchange rate change, and how much

Answers

Answer: 3.78 million dollars

Explanation:

Based on the information given in the question, the amount of money that Wruck Enterprises would pay when the exchange rate is 7 US cents per peso would be:

= 54-million × 7 cent

= 378,000,000 cent

= 3.78 million dollars

When the exchange rate was 14 U.S. cents per peso , the amount paid would have been:

= 54 million × 14 cent

= 756,000,000 cent

= 7.56 million dollars

Therefore, Wruck Enterprises made a gain of (7.56 million - 3.78 million) = 3.78 million dollars

In Maslow's hierarchy, managers must first ensure a person's _______ needs are fulfilled in order to have a motivated workforce.
a. esteemb. belongingnessc. physiologicald. sociale. self-actualization

Answers

Answer:

c. Psychological

Explanation:

Maslow's heirachy of needs states that people are driven to find a job or a means of livelihood because of various motivation factors. These needs must be satisfied before a person looks to obtain other less important needs.

The first level of needs are the psychological needs. These have to be satisfied before an employee will look to other needs.

They include man's basic needs to live like food, shelter, and clothing.

After these are satisfied one can now focused on security needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self actualization.

Other Questions
find the value of x do 5 and 7 Read this excerpt from "One Flu over the Cuckoo's Nest."Scientists debated creating a killer virus to study in the lab. In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control proposed deliberately combining a deadly bird flu virus with a very contagious human flu virus to understand whether and how it might cause a worldwide outbreak, or "pandemic. Scientists said the lab experiments would help them understand what might already be happening naturally. . . .But other people thought such research was a terrible idea. What if these viruses escaped the lab by mistake? What if a government or terrorist organization wanted to use the viruses against their enemies?In 2013, two research groups outside the United States went ahead and conducted their own experiments. One group, led by Ron Fouchier of Erasmus University in the Netherlands, showed that the highly lethal mixed up flu virus could infect and kill ferrets. A few months later, a Chinese group led by Chen Hualan at Chinas Harbin Veterinary Research Institute showed the recombined virus could infect and kill guinea pigs. Both groups ran their studies before a worldwide ban on this type of research was put into place in 2012.One of the main ideas presented in this passage is the controversy over whether or not flu research is safe. What do these paragraphs suggest about the safety of such research?A worldwide ban on dangerous flu research was put into place in 2012, so the threat of people using flu viruses to attack others no longer exists.Since all of the information that could be learned from such research has already been discovered, scientists no longer need to create new flu viruses, and therefore the controversy is over.Although none of the deadly flu viruses made for research have been used by dangerous people, since that possibility still exists, the ban on the research might be important.The research has already resulted in the deaths of animals, so people who once thought creating and researching new flu viruses was important are no longer supporting it. Please help me with a math question ASAP!!! Will give BrainliestBelow is a screenshot of the problem Benet Company has budgeted the following unit sales: 2019 2020 Quarter Units Quarter Units 1 1105,000 1 4120,000 2 190,000 3 260,000 4 375,000 The finished goods inventory on hand on December 31, 2018 was 21,000 units. It is the company's policy to maintain a finished goods inventory at the end of each quarter equal to 20% of the next quarter's anticipated sales. Prepare a production budget for 2019. Describe the way a writer increases the tension in a story as the writer builds up to a climax. What is the output of y=6x11 when the input is 5? Which kinds of employment discrimination are prohibited under one body of law, but are permitted under the other body of law? Triangle abc is isosceles. Use straightedge and compass tools to construct the bisector angle abc How did the Age of Reason affect the role of the Church and much of the superstitionand fear that accompanied its power? Which of the following is a potential barrier to promoting health ? a : dental hygieneb: lack of medical facilities c: being vaccinated d: assessing health status Which of the following choices is the most important to do before starting an exercise program?A. see your doctorB. talk to your friends for adviceC. lift some weightsD. measure your body fatPlease select the best answer from the choices provided.ABCODMark this and retunSave and ExitNextSubmit A recipe for chicken noodle soup calls for 1 3/4 cups of chicken broth. Peggy wants to triple the recipe. How many cups of chicken broth will she need? The ratio in the table for distance covered in meters to time taken in hours is constant Distance Covered im81632d48Time Taken ihr.612 15 18Let d = distance covered in 15 hr.Let t = time taken to cover 8 m.Which table shows the correct values for t and d? type of energy found in bread Can someone help me please!! True or False? Taxes led to the clash between Texans and Mexico at the port of Anahuac. Which of the following is a reason why teeth are important to help identifyindividuals?01) Teeth are unique to each individual.02) Teeth are a source of DNA.O3 Teeth develop in all humans in a similar manner which can help determine anO4) All of the answer choices are correct.age range. What will happen when you run this program?num = 10while num > 0: print (num) a Syntax Error b Logical fallicy c Infinite loop d Definite loop 8. A skateboard ramp is 5ft tall and is 12ft from the base of the ramp to the end. What is the length from the top of the ramp to the end? what is an example of a topic for an informative essay about historcial events