Compare the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with respect to (i) Ionization enthalpy (ii) basicity of oxides (iii) solubility of hydroxide

Explanation:

a+b =ab

answer

ab added all

is give answer

Answer:

1. An independent variable is manipulated, or changed. The dependent, or responding variable, changes based on the independent variable. The dependent variable is examined.

2. It is a controlled experiment.

Explanation:

In a controlled experiment all variables are kept the same, except for the one being tested, which is called the experimental variable , or independent variable . This group is the experimental group . The group that is not affected by the experimental variable is the control group .

Very often a graph will be used to analyze the results of the experiment. The independent/experimental variable is placed on the x-axis and the dependent variable is placed on the y-axis. The dependent variable is what is measured as a result of the application of the experimental variable.

A variable that is independent is altered. Based on the independent variable, the responding variable, or dependent variable, alters. Examining the dependent variable. The experiment is carefully controlled.

In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and experimental sciences, there are dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables get their name because, during an experiment, their values are investigated under the presumption or requirement that they are dependent on the values of other variables due to some law or rule.

A variable that is independent is precisely what it sounds like. It is a stand-alone variable that is unaffected by the other variables you are attempting to assess. Age, for instance, could be an independent variable.

When doing an experiment, the independent variable is what you alter, and the dependent variable is what changes as a result of that change. This is an easy way to conceive of independent and dependent variables.

Thus, based on the independent variable, the responding variable, or dependent variable, alters.

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Answer:The plates are not fixed but are constantly moving atop a layer of solid and molten rock called the mantle. The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. ... A hotspot is a place in the middle of a tectonic plate where hot magma rises.

Explanation:

Answer: The following information should be included;

What is the difference between the greenhouse effect, climate change and global warming?

What proof do we have that climate change is happening?

Why is it happening?

Answer:

-85 °C

Explanation:

O and S are in the same group( Group 16). Since S is below O it's atomic mass is higher than O. So molar mass of H2S is higher than H2O. The strength of Vanderwaal Interactions ( London dispersion forces) increases when the molar mass increases. However, only H2O can form H bonds with each other. This is because electronegativity of O is higher than S and therefore H in H2O has a higher partial positive charge than H of H2S.

H bond dominate among these 2 types of forces so the strength of attractions between molecules is higher in H2O than H2S. Therefore more energy should be supplied for H2O to break inter

molecular forces and convert from solid to liquid state than H2S. So mpt of H2O must be higher than that of H2S.

Taking into account the definition of enthalpy of a chemical reaction, the quantity of heat released when 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned is 4,707.74 kJ.

The enthalpy of a chemical reaction as the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction when it occurs at constant pressure. That is, the heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction.

The enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present.

In this case, the balanced reaction is:

CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O(g)

and the enthalpy reaction ∆H° has a value of -802 kJ/mol.

This equation indicates that when 1 mole of CH₄ reacts with 2 moles of O2, 802 kJ of heat is released.

When 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned, then you can apply the following rule of three: if 1 mole of CH₄ releases 802 kJ of heat, 5.87 moles of CH₄ releases how much heat?

[tex]heat=\frac{5.87 molesof CH_{4}x802 kJ}{1 mol of CH_{4} }[/tex]

heat= 4,707.74 kJ

Finally, the quantity of heat released when 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned is 4,707.74 kJ.

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Explanation:

the investigation lasts for 7 days.

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Answer:

Using Hess's law we found:

1) By adding reaction 10.2 with the reverse of reaction 10.1 we get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)   ΔH  (10.3)

2) The ΔHsoln must be subtracted from ΔHneut to get the total change in enthalpy (ΔH).    

The reactions of dissolution (10.1) and neutralization (10.2) are:

KOH(s) → KOH(aq)   ΔHsoln    (10.1)

KOH(s) + HCl(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)     ΔHneut     (10.2)

1) According to Hess's law, the total change in enthalpy of a reaction resulting from differents changes in various reactions can be calculated as the sum of all the enthalpies of all those reactions.      

Hence, to get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)    (10.3)

We need to add reaction 10.2 to the reverse of reaction 10.1

KOH(s) + HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq) + KOH(s)

Canceling the KOH(s) from both sides, we get reaction 10.3:

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  → H₂O(l) + KCl(aq)    (10.3)

2) The change in enthalpy for reaction 10.3 can be calculated as the sum of the enthalpies ΔHsoln and ΔHneut:

[tex] \Delta H = \Delta H_{soln} + \Delta H_{neut} [/tex]

The enthalpy of reaction 10.1 (ΔHsoln) changed its sign when we reversed reaction 10.1, so:

[tex] \Delta H = \Delta H_{neut} - \Delta H_{soln} [/tex]

Therefore, the ΔHsoln must be subtracted from ΔHneut to get the total change in enthalpy ΔH.

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Answer:

heat the solution

Explanation:

i think

Answer:

The way to make a supersaturated solution is to add heat, but just a little heat won't do the job. You have to heat the water close to the boiling point. When the water gets this hot, the water molecules have more freedom to move around, and there is more space for solute molecules between them.

Answer:315 - 282 = 173?

Explanation:

Answer:

0.86

Explanation:

1mol of Zn has mass of 65.39g.The amount of Zn is 2.5g65.39g/mol=0.038mol.

The amount of H2 produced is the same as the amount of Zn consumed (0.038mol).

1mol of ideal gas will occupy 22.4L at STP.

The H2 will occupy 0.038mol×22.4L/mol=0.86L

.

As the solar nebula cooled METAL compounds are the first to condense from a gas to a solid. The solar nebula gave birth to the Solar system.

A solar nebula is a disc-shaped cloud of gases and grain dust, which gave birth to the Sun and planets of the Solar system, approximately 4.6 billion years ago.

The solar nebula is at the beginning a mixture of interstellar gases (hydrogen and helium) and dust grains.

As the solar nebula cools, heavy elements such as metals in the disk condensate into planetesimals.

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Answer:

ionic bond

Explanation:

Calcium gives its two valence electrons to oxygen and forms an ionic bond with oxygen. An ionic bond formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons from itself to its neighboring atom, and an ionic bond formed between the two atoms of the compound.

Waste is removed from the body in various ways. Kidneys filter out metabolic waste, excess fluid and eliminate it in the form of urine. Lungs exhale CO2 from the deoxygenated blood. The undigested solid waste is egested out from the large intestine. Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis. Organs of excretion make up the excretory system. They include the kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs.

Answer:

A mixture of chlorine gas (Cl2) and fluorine gas (F2):

✔ London dispersion forces

Explanation:

This problem is describe the mole-ratio composition of an allow composed by tin, lead and cadmium. Ratios are given as Sn:Pb 2.73:1.00 and Pb:Cd is 1.78:1.00, and we are asked to calculate the mass percent compositon of Pb in the allow.

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible realize that the following number of moles are present in the alloy, according to the aforementioned ratios:

[tex]2.73mol Sn\\\\1.00molPb\\\\\frac{1.00molPb*1.00molCd}{1.78molPb}= 0.562molCd[/tex]

Next, we calculate the masses by using each metal's atomic mass:

[tex]m_{Sn}=2.73mol*\frac{118.7g}{1mol}=324.05g\\\\ m_{Pb}=1.00mol*\frac{207.2g}{1mol}=207.2g\\\\m_{Cd}=0.562mol*\frac{112.4g}{1mol}=63.2g[/tex]

Thus, the mass percent composition of each metal is shown below:

[tex]\%Sn=\frac{324.05g}{324.05g+207.2g+63.2g} *100\%=54.5\%\\\\\%Pb=\frac{207.2g}{324.05g+207.2g+63.2g} *100\%=34.9\%\\\\\%Cd=\frac{63.2}{324.05g+207.2g+63.2g} *100\%=10.6\%[/tex]

So that of lead is 34.9 %.

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52

Explanation:

70x45÷60= 52

I hope this is helpful

When radioactive decay occurs, the original nucleus splits into daughter nuclei and the resulting nucleus is more stable than the original nucleus. The nucleus can be of a different element than the original.

Unstable nuclei often undergo radioactive decay. In a radioactive decay, the unstable nucleus is broken up into other nuclei. Usually, the nuclei formed during radioactive decay are smaller in mass compared to the original nucleus.

Also, the resulting nucleus is more stable than the original nucleus. The nucleus can be of a different element than the original.

The effect is that the nucleus changes into the nucleus of one or more other elements. These daughter nuclei have a lower mass and are more stable (lower in energy) than the parent nucleus.

Air resistance opposes the gravity in a falling object hence the object loses speed once it reaches terminal velocity.

According to the experiment of Galileo, in the absence of air resistance, all objects that are thrown down from the same height will hit the ground at he same time due to the effect of gravity.

We know that the air resistance makes the acceleration of object to become less than the acceleration due to gravity. So, air resistance opposes the force of gravity and causes falling objects to lose speed once they reach terminal velocity.

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Answer:

The answer is D - Air resistance opposes the force of gravity and causes falling objects to lose speed once they reach terminal velocity.

Ill explain why -, for example ,

When the paper is smooth, it exposes a large surface to the air beneath it which slows its descent. Once it is crumpled, the surface which comes in contact with the air is much smaller, allowing it to fall much faster.  At first, you probably thought the book would touch the ground first since it is heavier However, once the piece of paper was crumpled, they hit the ground at the same time! Funny, since it is the same piece of paper and the book is still heavier. It all comes down to form. I hope this helped u with the test !!

Answer:

dog dog im not gon hold u we kinda screwed

Answer:

i dont speak mexican

Explanation:

The volume of sulphuric acid, H₂SO₄ needed for the complete reaction with 72.2 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH is 5.31 L

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole in 72.2 g of NaOH. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass of NaOH = 72.2 g

Molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g/mol

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NaOH = 72.2 / 40

2NaOH + H₂SO₄ —> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of NaOH reacted with 1 mole of H₂SO₄.

Therefore,

1.805 mole of NaOH will react with = 1.805 / 2 = 0.9025 mole of H₂SO₄.

Mole of H₂SO₄ = 0.9025 mole

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.170 M

Volume = mole / Molarity

Volume of H₂SO₄ = 0.9025 / 0.170

Thus, the volume of H₂SO₄ needed for the reaction is 5.31 L

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Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the [H⁺] is 3.16×10⁻⁵ M and the solution will be acid.

First of all, pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

Similarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pH + pOH= 14

In this case, being pOH= 9.50, pH is calculated as:

pH + 9.40= 14

pH= 14 - 9.50

pH= 4.50

Replacing in the definition of pH the concentration of H⁺ ions is obtained:

- log [H⁺]= 4.50

Solving :

[H⁺]= 10⁻⁴ ⁵

[H⁺]= 3.16×10⁻⁵ M

The numerical scale that measures the pH of the substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14, being acidic solutions with a pH lower than 7, and basic those with a pH greater than 7. The pH = 7 indicates the neutrality of the solution.

In this case, the pH has a value of 4.50. So, the solution is acidic.

In summary, the [H⁺] is 3.16×10⁻⁵ M and the solution will be acid.  

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Yes according to reliable sources.

Answer:

Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O

The reactants are present in equimolar amounts, so there is no excess or limiting reactants.

(0.0500 L) x (0.600 mol/L HCl) x (2 mol H2O / 2 mol HCl) = 0.0300 mol H2O

(4.184 J/g·°C) x (50.0 g + 50.0 g) x (25.82 - 21.73)°C = 1711.256 J

(1711.256 J) / (0.0300 mol H2O) = 57042 J/mol = 57.0 kJ/mol H2O

Explanation:

Answer:

The key to understanding why ionic and covalent compounds have different properties from each other is understanding what's going on with the electrons in a compound. Ionic bonds form when atoms have different electronegativity values from each other. When the electronegativity values are comparable, covalent bonds form.

But, what does this mean? Electronegativity is a measure of how easily an atom attracts bonding electrons. If two atoms attract electrons more or less equally, they share the electrons. Sharing electrons results in less polarity or inequality of charge distribution. In contrast, if one atom attracts bonding electrons more strongly than the other, the bond is polar.

Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents (like water), stack neatly on each other to form crystals, and require a lot of energy for their chemical bonds to break. Covalent compounds can be either polar or nonpolar, but they contain weaker bonds than ionic compounds because they are sharing electrons. So, their melting and boiling points are lower and they are softer.

I hope this helps have a great day :)

Since gas molecules average velocity depends on temperature, oxygen molecules at 25°C are moving faster than oxygen molecules at 0 °C.

According to the kinetic theory of gases, the molecules of a gas are in constant random motion and collide frequently with each other and the walls of the container.

The average speed of gas molecules depends on temperature and molar mass as shown by the relation;

vrms = √3RT/M

The following statement are true among the options provided;

The following are false among the options provided;

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From the dilution formula, we have that at constant value of the solute, the volume of the solution is inversely proportional to the concentration.

The correct responses are;

Reasons:

The given parameters are;

The concentration of the KCl solution = 4% m/v

Taking the solution as solution of KCl

The volume of the solution in container 1 = Two times less than the volume of KCl solution.

[tex]V_{container \, 1} = \displaystyle \mathbf{ \frac{1}{2} \cdot V_{4\% \, solution}}[/tex]

The volume of the solution in container 2 = Two times larger compared to the volume of KCl solution.

[tex]V_{container \, 2} = \mathbf{\displaystyle 2 \times V_{4\% \, solution}}[/tex]

The volume of the solution in container 3 = Two times larger than the container two solution volume.

[tex]V_{container \, 3} = \displaystyle \mathbf{ 2 \times V_{container \, 2}}[/tex]

Therefore;

[tex]V_{container \, 3} = \displaystyle 2 \times 2 \times V_{4\% \, solution} = \mathbf{4 \times V_{4\% \, solution }}[/tex]

Part A Required:

a. To select the container that represent the dilution of the 4% solution to 2%

Solution:

The dilution formula is; C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂

Therefore;

[tex]\displaystyle V_1 = \mathbf{\frac{C_1 \cdot V_1}{C_2}}[/tex]

C₁ =4%, C₂ = 2%, we get;

[tex]\displaystyle V_1 = \frac{4 \cdot V_1}{2} = 2 \cdot V_1[/tex]

The volume of the container that represents a 2% dilution is container 2

which is filled with a solution of a volume two times larger compared to the

KCl solution.

Part B:

Required:

The container diluted to a 1% m/v KCl solution.

Solution;

Using the dilution formula, we have;

C₁ = 4%, C₂ = 1%

Therefore;

[tex]\displaystyle V_1 = \frac{C_1 \cdot V_1}{C_2}[/tex]

[tex]\displaystyle V_1 = \frac{4 \cdot V_1}{1} = \mathbf{4 \cdot V_1}[/tex]

The volume of the solution is four times the volume of the 4% KCl solution, which is equivalent to the volume in container 3.

Possible parts of the question are;

Select the container that represents the dilution of the 4% (m/v) KCl solution to obtain the solutions that follows;

Part A: a 2% (m/v) KCl solution

Part B: a solution that is a 1% (m/v) KCl solution

Please see attached drawings

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