Congress adopted a law granting a state university $2.5 million to study the properties of snowflakes. An outraged taxpayer filed suit to challenge the appropriation. Which of the following is the best argument against this challenge?

a. The legislation is a valid exercise of the federal taxing and spending powers.
b. The federal court lacks jurisdiction to enjoin such expenditures voted by Congress, under the doctrine of separation of powers.
c. The taxpayer lacks standing to challenge the expenditure.
d. There is no diversity in this suit because the spending appropriation being challenged is federal, and the plaintiff is a citizen of the United States.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

CThe taxpayer lacks standing to challenge the expenditure.

DThere is no diversity in this suit because the spending appropriation being challenged is federal, and the plaintiff is a citizen of the United States.

Explanation:

The taxpayer doesn’t have the right to challenge any expenditure by the Congress as they represent a majority of the people already which means majority of the people are in support of the appropriation.

There is also no diversity in this suit because the spending appropriation being challenged is federal, and the plaintiff is a citizen of the United States.


Related Questions

in what 4 ways are natural resources beneficial to Ghanian.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Natural resources are resources that are not produce by human but are available in nature example is our water body such as river, lakes, ocean.

Ghana natural resources are gold, manganese, bauxite, industrial diamonds, timber, rubber, petroleum, silver and limestone.

This resources have amount for various changes that is found in the nation of Ghana.

Mining of Gold and bauxite that account for about 64.4 per cent of their export provides a source of employment security for the workers.

Exporting natural resources serves as a means for generating income for the government of Ghana which has help restructure their nation.

Improvement of livelihood of the people of Ghana as money flows and circulate

Natural resources makes a particular nation a source of attraction this leads to it development, new companies are constructed, importation of new technologies which help develops the country.

What would happen in a State if its citizens lack relevant knowledge, skills
and positive attitude?​

Answers

Answer:

The interpretation of the particular topic is outlined underneath in the subsection on explanatory.

Explanation:

When the previous folk is missing, the new generation in any mixture will possibly have the experience, ability, or perhaps a positive outlook on life, but it is proportional to the society. The basic explanation seems to be the attractiveness of someone using genetic defects to create genetic differences.In those other terms, if anything is missing for the old population, it appears to become something individuals don't want or require that which young people would look fine. But mainly relating to the structure of literacy and traditions.

Explain how productivity and specialization relate to you as you enter the free market.

Answers

Answer:

Productivity and specialization are both quite related to an entrance to the job market in a free market system.

Productivity is one of the most important viariables when entering the labor market. This is because wages depend mostly on the productivity of workers. The more productive you are, the higher your wage is likely to be.

Specialization is another important aspect. People who are highly specialized tend to be very educated and very productive, this means that a high degree of specialization is also predictive of a high wage.

What is the correct "term"for this definition? Half of the globe created by
the prime meridian or the equator. *

A: Longitude
B:Hemisphere
C:Equator

Answers

Answer:

B: Hemisphere

Explanation:

B. Hemisphere
Hope it helps!!

A vast ______ lies under the plateau in the Appalachian Plateau region.
A. Underground river
B.Underground river
C.coalfield
D.fault

Answers

Answer:

C, coalfield

Explanation:

Answer:

Coalfield

Explanation:

I took the test XD

Why safe drinking water is important

Answers

Water helps maintain balance of your body fluids

Answer:

Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries' economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction.Safe water is essential for human life. ... Each person on Earth requires at least 20 to 50 liters of clean, safe water a day for drinking, cooking, and simply keeping themselves clean. Polluted water isn't just dirty—it's deadly. Some 1.8 million people die every year of diarrhea diseases like cholera.

Explanation:

Kim found it increasingly frustrating to talk to her 76-year-old uncle about her life because she found herself having to make connections between each and every detail to help him understand what she was telling him, an indication that his __________________ was beginning to fail.

Answers

Answer:

Bottom up processing

Explanation:

Kim found it increasingly frustrating to talk to her 76-year-old uncle about her life because she found herself having to make connections between each and every detail to help him understand what she was telling him, an indication that his Bottom up processing was beginning to fail.

"There is no reason to show you are paying attention (nods, small verbal affirmations, etc) if you are indeed ___________."

Answers

"if you are indeed paying attention" probably

which stratgy makes the most sense when cost pressure are intesne and demands for local resosiveness is limited

Answers

Answer:

Global standardization

Explanation:

Global Standardization strategy is a form of business strategy which involves a strategic objective of achieving a low-cost strategy on a global scale, where by the strategy employs cost advantage to support aggressive pricing in global markets.

Hence, Global standardization strategy makes most sense when cost pressures are intense and demands for local responsiveness are limited

A supply schedule shows how prices affect the
O O O O
quality of a good.
overall economy of a country.
quantity of a good supplied by a producer.
unemployment rate.

Answers

Answer:

C) Quantity of a good supplied by a producer.

The price of any product and its availability in the market gets affected by the quantity of the supplied goods that are done by the producer. Hence, Option C is correct.

Who is a producer?

Whenever any product or a project is found and launched by someone, there are various things that they have to do like arrangement of the finance, appointing the writers for content writing, and a director who will provide guidance or direction for the success of the project, a creative team for covering the market and also look after marketing, and many more such things that a person has to do.

The person who performs all these tasks is known as the producer. There are Executive producer, Associate producer, and Producer types of the producer. For instance, the duty of the film producer starts right from selecting the script, coordinating writing, directing, editing, and arranging to finance, and many more.

Therefore, Option B is correct.

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Ryan, a young adult, has just moved away to college but still relies on his parents for financial support. Ryan is at which stage of the recentering process?

Answers

Answer:

da boi be at stage 2

Ryan is at stage one (1) of the recentering process with self-direction and reliance.

What are the stages of the recentering process?

Transitioning from adolescent to emerging adulthood (Stage 1), emerging adulthood proper (Stage 2), and transitioning out of emerging adulthood into young adulthood (Stage 3) are all stages of recentering.

As a result, Ryan's situation is defined by remaining rooted in his family of origin yet being expected to be self-reliant and self-directed.

For more information about recentering process, refer below

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Which of the following activities meets the federal definitions of research?

Answers

Answer:

Hello, you did not enter the answer options, but I can help you by showing that the federal research definitions refer to the collection of test scores from elementary school to assess the effectiveness of an experimental program to teach reading.

Explanation:

Research is a term that can reach several different meanings and definitions, depending on the organ that conceptualizes it and its positioning within a system. In general, we can say that research is an activity that aims to discover new things within a science, however, the federal definition of research conceptualizes it as being the collection of test scores from elementary school to assess the effectiveness of a experimental program to teach reading.

A boss who says he or she likes your ideas while rolling his or her eyes would lead you to believe that he or she: lacks confidence in your suggestions. is paraphrasing your ideas. is reading your verbal cues. is being empathetic.

Answers

Answer:

Lacks confidence in your suggestions

Explanation:

The boss most likely is being sarcastic, as emphasized by rolling eyes. If they were confident in your suggestions. they would have more encouraging body language.

If they were paraphrasing your ideas, they would probably use hand gestures.

If they were reading your verbal clues the reaction would not be eye rolling, rather an intent look.

They, of course would not be empathetic, as there would be more of an understanding look on their face.

Define Chalcolithic Age

Answers

Answer:

The Chalcolithic was an archaeological period which  copper predominated in metalworking technology. Hence it was the period before it was discovered that by adding tin to copper one could create bronze, a metal alloy harder and stronger than either component.

Explanation:

Answer :-Chalcolithic age was a transition period from the stone age to the metal age.In addition to the stone tools, the people of this period made copper tools as well.Ancient forms of Urban settlement existed on this site.The major remnants discovered here are the ruins of dwellings.The huts were built using mud-bricks.The residues of the wheat and barley have been discovered here.Pictures were drawn on the walls of huts.

Hope it helps

Which is NOT true of Jefferson’s presidency?

Answers

Answer:

wdym? I do not understand this question..... O

The Babylonians allowed Jeremiah to remain in the land of Judah, and he ministered there until he and his scribe Baruch were kidnapped by a faction of Jews and taken away as hostages to Egypt.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A

Explanation:

The Babylonians allowed Jeremiah to remain in the land of Judah, and he ministered there until he and his scribe Baruch were kidnapped by a faction of Jews and taken away as hostages to Egypt. It is true.

Who were the Babylonians?

The people of Babylon were called Babylonians. These people mainly focused on the god , although they worshipped other gods also, which are the seven deities: Enlil.

Basically, it was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state. Their cultural area is based in central-southern Mesopotamia. A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

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When his psychology teacher asks Billy what his plans after high school are, Billy just shrugs his shoulders and says, "I have not really thought about it much." Marcia would place Billy in a state ofGroup of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

Even without the options, it is possible to answer this question. Marcia would place Billy in a state of identity diffusion.

Explanation:

Psychologist James Marcia focused on the development of adolescents, refining Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. According to Marcia, adolescents go through four stages: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement. Identity diffusion is the state where the person does not have a social identity yet. The adolescent going through this state is not actively searching for an identity, not experimenting. This person is not, however, going through an identity crisis. They haven't simply begun searching for what can help them define themselves. That is why answering "I have not really thought about it" as well as saying they do not know something, just like Billy did, is quite common.

A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world. This type of research is called a ____ field study quasi-experimental study simulation study transported study

Answers

Answer:

The type of research is called a field study.

Explanation:

Which reason(s) might provide good cause for a Christian to "count it all joy" as James says to do in James 1:2-4?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

According to James 1:2-4 Christians should count it all joy when trials and temptation arises, when troubles comes and storm arose as in the case of the disciples on the boat this is because trials and temptation comes for a glory that is ahead, it works patience into believers life, endurance, longsuffering which are fruits of the spirit.

Trials should not be seen as evil but a time to be built up,strengthen spiritually hence, the Joy ahead should be the focus of a believer.

Given that the scripture emphasize that in the world there will be tribulation but as believers be of good cheer for Christ have overcome the world this is the testimony of a believe in distress and trials and that is why James an apostle admonish that believers should count it all Joy for the crown ahead.

Coercive power Question 15 options: a) usually relates to less compromise in one's partner than gentler kinds of power. b) create greater contentment in one's partner. c) usually relates to less resistance in one's partner than other kinds of power. d) usually a very helpful, productive way of influencing one's partner.

Answers

Answer:

a) usually relates to less compromise in one's partner than gentler kinds of power.

Explanation:

Coercive power involves the show of threats of punishments to people to enable obey certain instructions.

This form of power usually relates to less compromise in one's partner than gentler kinds of power. This is because of the fear of being punished in several ways as a result of things not being followed. In gentler kinds of Power, there are no much risks of punishments which results to compromise in a partner being more likely.

Inadequate training of raters can lead to a series of problems in completing performance evaluations. Discuss the potential problems.

Answers

Answer:

A performance evaluation is a review that companies make to measure the performance of their employees. Potential problems in completing performance evaluations when raters are not adequately trained are:

-The rater might not be objective.

-The rater can focus on one factor and is not able to identify the strong and weak points of an employee.

-The rater might not know the performance standards to be able to do a good evaluation.

-The rater doesn´t use low and high ratings which doesn't show the differences between employees.

-The rater might give high ratings that are not true to avoid problems with people.

-The rater might not be familiar with the dimensions that are evaluated.

Between which two types of judgments does a dialectical conversation move

Answers

Answer:

The two types of judgments does a dialectical conversation discussed below.

Explanation:

The term dialectic indicates the science or method of coming at the fact by using conversation including problems and solutions.

Think of your dialectical journal as a set of conversations with handbooks that you read. the method is meant to assist you to acquire a better knowledge of the handbooks we read and to utilize higher-level thinking abilities.

You will find that it is a helpful way to prepare what you are studying and make yourself ready for the group discussion.

mrs lynn olsen is requesting the lab results of her husband, tim. She has a note, signed by him, giving his permission for her to have the records. Should you release the records to her? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

No it shouldn’t be released to her

Explanation:

Mrs lynn olsen is requesting the lab results of her husband, tim. She has a note, signed by him, giving his permission for her to have the records. This isn’t the protocol as a formal document by the hospital which contains the appended signature is what should be presented before medical records are released to third parties.

the textbook states that _________ is the foreground and _________ is the backdrop against which we can understand intercultural communication

Answers

Answer:

1. culture and communication

2. context and power

Explanation:

Intercultural communication often referred to as ICC, is a term that describes the study of communication in various cultures and societies, specifically in ways in which culture relates with communication.

In other words, ICC explains various process of communication and its characteristics including the problems that are associated with it, in a different cultural and social context which consist people of various background such as religion, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.

ICC has four interrelated components which includes:

1. culture

2. communication

3. context

4. power

Hence, the textbook states that CULTURE and COMMUNICATION is the foreground and CONTEXT and POWER is the backdrop against which we can understand intercultural communication

Intercultural communication, or ICC, is the study of communication between cultures and communities, with a focus on how culture influences communication.

So, the answer for blanks are:

 

1. culture and communication

2. context and power

About Intercultural communication:

To put it another way, ICC discusses numerous communication processes and qualities, as well as the difficulties that come with them, in a variety of cultural and social contexts that include people from various backgrounds such as religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.

The ICC is made up of four interconnected components:

1. customs

2. exchange of information

3. the situation

4. strength

For more information about Intercultural communication refer to the link:

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Who was the German leader that commanded troops across the Mediterranean to take control of Libya?

a.
Erwin Rommel

c.
Alfred Jodl

b.
Winston Churchill

d.
Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist


Answers

Answer:

Erwin Rommel commanded troops across the Mediterranean to take control of Libya.

Explanation:

I'm working on the U.S. Constitution and The Articles Of Confederation but what is the process to change this plan occurs?​

Answers

Answer:

Hey there!

The U.S used amendments to change the constitution.

Let me know if this helps :)

Who would argue that the physical changes of puberty cause substantial disruption and conflict inside the family system

Answers

Answer:

Option B = Anna Freud.

Explanation:

The woman named Anna Freud was born on the 3rd day of the month of December in the year 1895 in Vienna, Austria. Before her demise on the 9th day of the month of August in the year 1982 in London, United Kingdom, she was a psychoanalyst and contributed to the study of Psychology in children.

When Anna was still alive, she formed and developed many theories ( such as ego Psychology) and so many techniques that can aid in knowing more about Psychology of young ones. To Anna, every child is unique.

Hence, Anna Freud would be the one to argue that the physical changes of puberty cause substantial disruption and conflict inside the family system.

_______________ is a process of othering that constructs perceived cultural, religious, or social differences as natural and unchangeable.

Answers

Answer:

Cultural Racism is a process of othering that constructs perceived cultural, religious, or social differences as natural and unchangeable.

Explain 2 ways UDL can be an effective means for addressing the learning needs of both typical and atypical students.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a way of teaching that aims at given all the students an equal opportunity to learn and succeed.

UDL does not target kids who learn and think differently but helps address learning needs of all forms of students as it gives,

Multiple means of representing a subject given learners or students many ways of acquiring information and knowledge.

UDl provides diverse ways of expressing a subject such that what they know are made a new by demostrating it in a new way.

UDl provide different means of capturing students interests and attention, increase their motivation and profile solution even to difficult task.

Which statement accurately describes the European American population in the United States? A. European immigration declined as a result of the exclusion laws. B. European immigrants adjusted easily to American life because they all spoke the same language. C. European Americans enjoy the same kinds of food, clothing, and music. D. European Americans make up the largest segment of the population today

Answers

Answer:

D. European Americans make up the largest segment of the population today

Explanation:

European Americans make up the largest segment of the population today in the United States.

European Americans make one-third of the total population of the United States. There are several ancestry groups in the United States that include Irish Americans (10.0%), German Americans (13.9%), Italian Americans (5.2%),  English Americans (7.4%),  and Polish Americans (3%).

Hence, the correct answer is "D. European Americans make up the largest segment of the population today".

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