Consider the following instruction: OR( %1111_0000, AL ) ; After its execution, what will be true about the bits stored in AL?

Answer:

function Rectangle(width=1, height= 1 ) {

    this.width= width;

    this.height= height;

    this.getArea= ( ) = > {return width * height};

    this.getPerimeter= ( ) = >{ return 2( height + width)};

}

var rectangleOne= new Rectangle(4, 40)

var rectangleTwo= new Rectangle(3.5, 35.9)

console.log(rectangleOne.width, rectangleOne.height, rectangleOne.getArea( ), rectangleOne.getPerimeter( ) )

console.log(rectangleTwo.width, rectangleTwo.height, rectangleTwo.getArea( ), rectangleTwo.getPerimeter( ) )

Explanation:

This is a Javascript class definition with a constructor specifying arguments with default values of one for both width and height, and the getArea and getPerimeter methods.

Answer:

"Phishing" will be the correct approach.

Explanation:

Answer:

function isLeapYear( aYear ){

   var confirmYear=  year % 400 === 0 || (year % 100 !== 0 && year % 4 === 0);

   return confirmYear ? True : False;

}

Explanation:

The javascript function above requires an argument which is the year when it is passed, it is analyzed, counting the number of days in that year and a boolean value of true or false is dynamically assigned to the variable 'confirmYear'.

The ternary operator would logically select the right value, which is outputted to the user. To test the function, use the console to call the function with an argument.

console.log( isLeapYear( 1999 ) );

Answer:

Explanation: The operating system simply acts as the communication interface between the user and the components if a computer including it's hardware. The reasons why an operating system is pivotal in leaching and learning includes :

In most cases, teaching and learning requires the use of application programs or softwares which could be the program to be learnt or that which is used to aid learning. Irrespective of the type of application program, it's installation and usage depends and is made possible with the help of an operating system. Programs used for video sessions during teaching, writing programs and document editors all require an operating system in other to aid installation and ultimately function.

Answer:

The programming language is not stated; however, I'll answer using Python programming language (See attachment for proper format)

tuition = 10000

rate = 0.04

for i in range(1,15):

tuition = tuition + tuition * rate

if i <= 10:

print("Year "+str(i)+" tuition:",end=" ")

print(round(tuition,2))

if i == 14:

print("Tuition 4th year after:",end=" ")

print(round(tuition,2))

Explanation:

The first 2 lines initializes tuition and rate to 10000 and 0.04 respectively

tuition = 10000

rate = 0.04

The next line iterates from year 1 to year 14

for i in range(1,15):

This line calculates the tuition for each year

tuition = tuition + tuition * rate

The next 3 lines prints the tuition for year 1 to year 10

if i <= 10:

print("Year "+str(i)+" tuition:",end=" ")

print(round(tuition,2))

The next 3 lines prints the tuition at the 4th year after year 10 (i.e. year 14)

if i == 14:

print("Tuition 4th year after:",end=" ")

print(round(tuition,2))

Answer:

C++ PROGRAM

Explanation:

Answer:

Here is the C++ program:

#include<iostream>  // to use input output functions

using namespace std;     //to identify objects like cin cout

void StartChar(string str)  {  // function that takes a word string as parameter and returns the first letter of that word in capital

   int i;  

   char c;

   do  //start of do while loop

   {

   for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {  //iterates through each character of the word str

       if(str.length()>25){  //checks if the length of input word is greater than 25

           cout<<"limit exceeded"; }  //displays this message if a word is more than 25 characters long

      c = str.at(i);   // returns the character at position i

       if (! ( ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) || ( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) ) ) {  //checks if the input word is contains characters other than the alphabet

            cout<<str<<" is not a word!"<<endl; break;}  //displays this message if user enters characters other than the alphabet

        if (i == 0) {  //check the first character of the input word

           str[i]=toupper(str[i]);  //converts the first character of the input word to uppercase

           cout<<str<<" starts with letter "<<str[i]<<endl;  }  // prints the letter that the word starts with in capital letter

   }   cout<<"Enter a word: ";  //prompts user to enter a word

      cin>>str;   //reads input word from user

}while(str!="#");   }    //keeps prompting user to enter a word until the user enters #

int main()   //start of the main() function body

{ string str;  //declares a variable to hold a word

cout<<"Enter a word: "; //prompts user to enter a word

cin>>str; //reads input word from user

   StartChar(str); }  //calls function passing the word to it

Explanation:

The program prompts the user to enter a word and then calls StartChar(str) method by passing the word to the function.

The function StartChar() takes that word string as argument.

do while loop starts. The for loop inside do while loop iterates through each character of the word string.

First if condition checks if the length of the input word is greater than 25 using length() method which returns the length of the str. For example user inputs "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa". Then the message limit exceeded is printed on the screen if this if condition evaluates to true.

second if condition checks if the user enters anything except the alphabet character to form a  word. For example user $500. If this condition evaluates to true then the message $500 is not a word! is printed on the screen.

Third if condition checks if the first character of input word, convert that character to capital using toupper() method and prints the first letter of the str word in capital. For example if input word is "Computer" then this prints the message: Computer starts with the letter C in the output screen.

The program keeps prompting the user to enter the word until the user enters a hash # to end the program.

The output of the program is attached.

Answer:

Following are the description of the given nodes:

Explanation:

The Multiple Access frequency - division facilitates control by granting every node a fixed time slot. Also, every slot seems to be identical in width. Its whole channel bandwidth is often used in every channel node. Compared to FDMA it takes more time.  

Time slot=3 frames for all the above scenario

Time interval = number of frames in first slot Time to send 1 frame number of images  

                      [tex]= 8 \times 3 \times 1 \\\\ = 8 \times 3 \\\\= 24 \ seconds[/tex]

Hope this is correct

HAVE A GOOD DAY!

Answer:

This function will return a character grade for every floating-point grade for every student in the class.

function grade( floatPoint ){

      let text;

      switch ( floatPoint ) {

        case floatPoint < 40.0 :

             text= " F ";

             break;

        case floatPoint == 40.0 :

             text= " P ";

             break;

        case floatPoint > 40.0 && floatPoint <= 50.0 :

             text=  " C ";

             break;

        case floatPoint > 50.0 && floatPoint < 70.0 :

             text=  " B ";

             break;

        case floatPoint >=70.0 && floatPoint <= 100.0 :

             text= " C ";

             break;

        default :

            text= "Floating point must be between 0.0 to 100.0"

      }

     return text;

}

Explanation:

This javascript function would return a character grade for floating-point numbers within the range of 0.0 to 100.0.

Answer:

Here are the methods:

a) count

def count(object, list):  

   counter = 0

   for i in list:

       if i == object:

           counter = counter + 1

   return counter

b) in : return True if the item is in the list

def include(object, list):  

   for i in list:

       if i == object:

           return True

   return False

c)  reverse

def reverse(list):

   first = 0            

   last = len(list)-1    

   while first<last:

       list[first] , list[last] = list[last] , list[first]

       first = first + 1

       last = last - 1

   return list

d) index: return -1 if the item is not in the list  

def index(object, list):

   for x in range(len(list)):

       if list[x] == object:

           return x

   return -1

e)  insert

def insert(object, index, list):

   return list[:index] + [object] + list[index:]

Explanation:

a)

The method count takes object and a list as parameters and returns the number of times that object appears in the list.

counter variable is used to count the number of times object appears in list.

Suppose

list = [1,1,2,1,3,4,4,5,6]

object = 1

The for loop i.e. for i in list iterates through each item in the list

if condition if i == object inside for loop checks if the item of list at i-th position is equal to the object.  So for the above example, this condition checks if 1 is present in the list. If this condition evaluates to true then the value of counter is incremented to 1 otherwise the loop keeps iterating through the list searching for the occurrence of object (1) in the list.

After the complete list is moved through, the return counter statement returns the number of times object (i.e. 1 in the example) occurred in the list ( i.e. [1,1,2,1,3,4,4,5,6]  ) As 1 appears thrice in the list so the output is 3.

b)  

The method include takes two parameters i.e. object and list as parameters and returns True if the object is present in the list otherwise returns False. Here i have not named the function as in because in is a reserved keyword in Python so i used include as method name.

For example if list = [1,2,3,4] and object = 3

for loop for i in list iterates through each item of the list and the if condition if i == object checks if the item at i-th position of the list is equal to the specified object. This means for the above example the loop iterates through each number in the list and checks if the number at i-th position in the list is equal to 3 (object). When this if condition evaluates to true, the method returns True as output otherwise returns False in output ( if 3 is not found in the list). As object 3 is present in the list so the output is True.

c) reverse method takes a list as parameter and returns the list in reverse order.

Suppose list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

The function has two variables i.e. first that is the first item of the list and last which is the last item of the list. Value of first is initialized to 0 and value of last is initialized to len(list)-1 where len(list) = 6 and 6-1=5 so last=5 for the above example. These are basically used as index variables to point to the first and last items of list.

The while loop executes until the value of first exceeds that of last.

Inside the while loop the statement list[first] , list[last] = list[last] , list[first]  interchanges the values of elements of the list which are positioned at first and last. After each interchange the first is incremented to 1 and last is decremented to 1.

For example at first iteration:

first = 0

last = 5

list[0] , list[5] = list[5] , list[0]

This means in the list [1,2,3,4,5,6] The first element 1 is interchanged with last element 6. Then the value of first is incremented and first = 1, last = 4 to point at the elements 2 and 5 of the list and then exchanges them too.

This process goes on until while condition evaluates to false. When the loop breaks  statement return list returns the reversed list.

d) The method index takes object and list as parameters and returns the index of the object/item if it is found in the list otherwise returns -1

For example list = [1,2,4,5,6] and object = 3

for loop i.e.  for x in range(len(list)):  moves through each item of the list until the end of the list is reached. if statement  if list[x] == object:  checks if the x-th index of the list is equal to the object. If it is true returns the index position of the list where the object is found otherwise returns -1. For the above examples 3 is not in the list so the output is -1  

e) insert

The insert function takes as argument the object to be inserted, the index where the object is to be inserted and the list in which the object is to be inserted.

For example list = [0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6] and object = 3 and index = 3

3 is to be inserted in list  [1,2,4,5] at index position 3 of the list. The statement:

return list[:index] + [object] + list[index:]

list[:index] is a sub list that contains items from start to the index position. For above example:

list[:index] = [0, 1, 2]

list[index:] is a sub list that contains items from index position to end of the list.

list[index:] = [4, 5, 6]

[object] = [3]

So above statement becomes:

[0, 1, 2] + [3] + [4, 5, 6]

So the output is:

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]    

Answer:

ES LA  B

Explanation:

Answer:

Soft copy like audio

Hard copy e.g printouts

Explanation:

Answer:

Alphabetic character spacing based on the width of each letter in a font. ... Proportional spacing is commonly used for almost all text. In this encyclopedia, the default text is a proportional typeface, and tables are "monospaced," in which all characters have the same fixed width.

hope this answer helps u

pls mark me as brainlitest .-.

Answer:

H cannot update it because it is probably protected.

If you cannot click in the table of contents, it is probably because it is protected. To disable this protection, choose Tools > Options > OpenOffice.org Writer > Formatting Aids, and then select Enable in the Cursor in protected areas section. If you wish to edit the table of contents without enabling the cursor, you can access it from the Navigator.

Explanation:

. To update a table of contents when changes are made to the document:

Right-click anywhere in the TOC.

From the pop-up menu, choose Update Index/Table. Writer updates the table of contents to reflect the changes in the document.

You can also update the index from the Navigator by right-clicking on Indexes > Table of Contents1 and choosing Index > Update from the pop-up menu.

Answer:

Here is the Python and C++ program.

Python program:

gallons_paint=0.0  #declare and initialize gallons_paint  

wall_area = float(input())  #prompts user to enter wall area

gallons_paint = wall_area / 350  #formula to compute gallons of paint needed to cover the given square feet of walls

print(gallons_paint) #display the result

C++ program:

#include <iostream> //to use input output functions

using namespace std; //to identify objects like cin cout

int main(){ //start of main() function body

   float wall_area,gallons_paint=0; //declare variables

   cin>>wall_area; //reads input wall area from user

   gallons_paint=wall_area/350; //formula to compute gallons of paint needed to cover the given square feet of walls

   cout<<gallons_paint;} //print the result

Explanation:

The program prompts the user to enter the area of wall and stores the input value in wall_area

Suppose the user enters 250 as wall area

The the formula gallons_paint=wall_area/350; works as follows:

gallons_paint = wall_area/350;

                         = 250/350

                         = 0.71428

gallons_paint  = 0.71428

So the output is:

0.71428

The screenshot of the program along with its output is attached.

Answer:

Here is the JAVA program:

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException{ //the start of main() function body, it throws an exception that indicates a failed  attempt to open the file

Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file.txt")); //creates a Scanner object and a File object to open and scan through the file.txt    

coinFlip(input);    } //calls coinFlip method

public static void coinFlip(Scanner input) { //coinFlip method that accepts as its parameter a string input holding a file name

while(input.hasNextLine()) { //iterates through the input file checking if there is another line in the input file

Scanner scan = new Scanner(input.nextLine()); //creates a Scanner object

int head = 0; // stores count of number of heads

int count = 0; //stores count of  total number of tokens

while(scan.hasNext()) { //iterates through the sequence checking if there is another sequence in the input file

String token= scan.next(); // checks and returns the next token

if (token.equalsIgnoreCase("H")||token.equalsIgnoreCase("Heads")) { //compares H or Heads with the tokens in file ignoring lower case and upper case differences

           head++;                } //if a token i.e. any form of heads in file matches with the H or Heads then add 1 to the number of heads

           count++;            } //increment to 1 to compute total number of counts

double result = Percentage(head, count); //calls Percentage method passing number of heads and total counts to compute the percentage of heads

System.out.println(head + " heads " + "(" + result +"%)"); // prints the number of heads

if(result >= 50.00) { //if the percentage is greater or equal to 50

System.out.println("You win!");} //displays this message if above if condition is true

else //if the percentage is less than 50

{System.out.println("You lose!");}  }    } //displays this message if above if condition is false

public static double Percentage(int h, int total) { //method to compute the percentage of heads

double p = (double)h/total* 100; // divide number of heads with the total count and multiply the result by 100 to compute percentage

return p;    } } //returns result

Explanation:

The program is well explained in the comments mentioned with each line of the above code. I will explain how the method coinFlip  works.

Method coinFlip accepts a string holding a file name as its parameter. It opens that file and reads its contents as a sequence of tokens. Then it reads and scans through each token and the if condition statement:

if (token.equalsIgnoreCase("H")||token.equalsIgnoreCase("Heads"))

checks if the each token in the sequence stored in the file is equal to the H or Heads regardless of the case of the token. For example if the first token in the sequence is H then this if condition evaluates to true. Then the head++ statement increments the count of head by 1. After scanning each token in the sequence the variable count is also increased to 1.

If the token of the sequence is HeAds then this if condition evaluates to true because the lower or upper case difference is ignored due to equalsIgnoreCase method. Each time a head is found in the sequence the variable head is incremented to 1.

However if the token in the sequence is Tails then this if condition evaluates to false. Then the value of head variable is not incremented to 1. Next the count variable is incremented to 1 because this variable value is always incremented to 1 each time a token is scanned because count returns the total number of tokens and head returns total number of heads in the tokens.

Percentage method is used to return the percentage of the number of heads in the sequence. It takes head and count as parameters (h and total). Computes the percentage by this formula h/total* 100. If the result of this is greater than or equal to 50 then the message  You win is displayed otherwise message You lose! is displayed in output.

Answer:

The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.

The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.

In the middle of the chest, there is a long, flat bone known as the sternum or breastbone. It forms the front of the rib cage and is joined to the ribs by cartilage, assisting in the protection of the heart, lungs, and major blood arteries from harm. It is one of the longest and largest flat bones in the body, somewhat resembling a necktie. The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are its three regions.

Therefore, the sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.

Learn more about the breastbone here:

https://brainly.com/question/32917871.

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Answer:

total_owls = 0

num_owls_A = int(input())

num_owls_B = int(input())

total_owls = num_owls_A + num_owls_B

print("Number of owls:", total_owls)

Explanation:

Initialize the  total_owls as 0

Ask the user to enter num_owls_A and num_owls_B, convert the input to int

Sum the num_owls_A and num_owls_B and set it to the total_owls

Print the total_owls

avg_owls=0.0

num_owls_zooA = int(input())

num_owls_zooB = int(input())

num_owls_zooC = int(input())

num_zoos = 3

avg_owls = (num_owls_zooA + num_owls_zooB + num_owls_zooC) / num_zoos

print('Average owls per zoo:', int(avg_owls))

There is a problem while you are trying the calculate the average owls per zoo.

As you may know, in order to calculate the average, you need to get the total number of owls in all the zoos, then divide it to the number of zoos. That is why you need to sum num_owls_zooA + num_owls_zooB + num_owls_zooC and divide the result by num_zoos

Be aware that the average is printed as integer value. That is why you need to cast the avg_owls to an int as int(avg_owls)

Learn more about integer value on:

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The value of i is incremented by one then assigned to d

Answer:

line graph

Explanation:

the change in weight is linear

Answer:

Line Graph

Explanation:

Linear Weight change

Answer:

Here is the JAVA code:

public class Main{

public static int solution(int[] A) { //method that takes non-empty array A consisting of 0s and 1s

           int N = A.length; // number of 0s and 1s in array A

           int r = 0; //result of adjacency

           for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++;   )   { // iterates through A

               if (A[i] == A[i + 1])  //if i-th element of A is equal to (i+1)th element

                   r = r + 1;   }     //add 1 to the count of r

           if (r == N-1)   //for test cases like {1,1}

           {return r-1; }

           int max = 0; //to store maximum possible adjacency

           for (int i = 0; i <N; i++)   { //iterates through array

               int c = 0;

               if (i > 0)    { //starts from 1 and  covering the last

                   if (A[i-1] != A[i]) //checks if i-1 element of A is not equal to ith element of A

                       c = c + 1;    //adds 1 to counter variable

                   else

                      c = c - 1;   } //decrements c by 1

               if (i < N - 1)     {//starting with 0

                   if (A[i] != A[i + 1])  //checks if ith element of A is not equal to i+1th element of A

                       c = c + 1; //adds 1 to counter variable

                   else

                       c = c - 1;   }      //decrements c by 1        

               max = Math.max(max,c);   }  //finds the maximum of max and c

           return r + max;         } //returns result + maximum result

        public static void main(String[] args) {

   int[] A = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0}; //sample array to test the method

   System.out.println(solution(A));} } //calls the method passing array to it

Explanation:

The program works as follows:

A[] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0}

N = A.length

N = 6

The A has the following elements:

A[0] =  1

A[1] = 1

A[2] = 0

A[3] = 1

A[4] = 0

A[5] = 0

Program iterates through array A using for loop. Loop variable i is initialized to 0

if condition if (A[i] == A[i + 1]) checks

if (A[0] == A[0 + 1])

A[0] =  1

A[0 + 1] = A[1] = 1

They both are 1 so they are equal

r = r + 1;  

Since the above if condition is true so 1 is added to the value of r Hence

r = 1

At each iteration of the loop the if condition checks whether the adjacent elements of A are equal. If true then r is incremented to 1 otherwise not.

So after all the iterations value of r = 2

if (r == N-1) evaluates to false because r=2 and N-1 = 5

So program moves to the statement:

for (int i = 0; i <N; i++)

This loop iterates through the array A

if (i > 0) condition checks if value of i is greater than 0. This evaluates to false and program control moves to statement:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(0<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement

if (A[i] != A[i + 1])  which means:

if (A[0] != A[0 + 1]) -> if (A[0] != A[1])

We know that

A[0] =  1

A[1] = 1

So this evaluates to false and else part is executed:

value of c is decremented to 1. So c=-1

max = Math.max(max,c) statement returns the max of max and c

max = 0

c = -1

So max = 0

value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 1

At next step:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(1<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement

if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:

if (A[1] != A[1 + 1]) -> if (A[1] != A[2])

A[1] = 1

A[2] = 0

So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed

c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So

c = -1 + 1

Hence

Hence c= 0, max = 0 and i = 2

next step:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(2<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement

if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:

if (A[2] != A[2 + 1]) -> if (A[2] != A[3])

A[2] = 0

A[3] = 1

So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed

c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So

c = 0 + 1

c = 1

Hence

The statement max = Math.max(max,c) returns the max of max and c

max = 0

c = 1

So max = 1

Hence  c= 1, max = 1 and i = 3

next step:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(3<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement

if (A[i] != A[i + 1]) which means:

if (A[3] != A[3 + 1]) -> if (A[3] != A[4])

A[3] = 1

A[4] = 0

So the statement evaluates to true and following statement is executed

c = c + 1; The value of c is incremented to 1. So

c = 1 + 1

c = 2

Hence

The statement max = Math.max(max,c) returns the max of max and c

max = 1

c = 2

So max = 2

Hence c= 2, max = 2 i = 4

next step:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(4<5) This evaluates to true and program control moves to statement

if (A[i] != A[i + 1])  which means:

if (A[4] != A[4+ 1]) -> if (A[4] != A[5])

A[4] = 0

A[5] = 0

So this evaluates to false and else part is executed:

value of c is decremented to 1. So c=1

max = Math.max(max,c) statement returns the max of max and c

max = 2

c = 1

So max = 2

value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 5

next step:

if (i < N - 1) which makes if(5<5) This evaluates to false

if (i > 0) evaluates to true so following statement executes:

if (A[i-1] != A[i])

if (A[5-1] != A[5])

if (A[4] != A[5])

A[4] = 0

A[5] = 0

This statement evaluates to false so else part executes and value of c is decremented to 1

Hence

max = 2

c = 0

So max = 2

value of i is incremented to 1 so i = 6

The loop breaks because i <N evaluates to false.

Program control moves to the statement:

return r + max;

r = 2

max = 2

r + max = 2+2 = 4

So the output of the above program is:

4

Answer:

def lesser_adjacent_num ( N ):

     N = int( N )

     while N == True:

            next = N - 1

            print if  next >= 0 ? next : break

Explanation:

The python function above called "lesser_adjacent_num" accepts an argument called "N" which is an integer. The function print the number "next" which is a number less than the N integer for every loop for the condition where N is not zero.

Answer:

Find the explanation below.

Explanation:

Asymmetric encryption is a system of communication in technology between two parties where keys which are variable values coined by an algorithm are used to encrypt and decrypt the messages between the sender and receiver. The two types of keys used in this process are the public and private keys. The public keys can be used by anyone to encrypt messages which are then sent to the receiver who decrypts the message using his private keys. The private keys on the other hand are only shared by the person who first set up the key. In sending messages this way, the receiver's public key is gotten from a public directory, and the message encrypted by the sender. The receiver can then decrypt the message using his private keys. But if the message is encrypted using a private key, it is decrypted by the receiver with a public key.

The one-way nature of this style of communication ensures data integrity and confidentiality since users are not required to disclose their keys and only the two parties can access the message. The two end users also preserve the right to authenticate the keys. The transport layer security protocol makes use of asymmetric encryption.

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Answer:

pie chart

Explanation:

pie chart shows percentage per item

Answer:

pie chart

Explanation:

The penalties for ignoring the requirements for protecting classified information when using social networking services are the same when using other media and methods of dissemination.

The penalties are the same because it does not matter what the medium used, the effect is that classified information and confidential details have been left unguarded and exposed.

When in hold of such information, it is not okay to leave it unguarded or exposed. A person who is found guilty of disclosure of classified materials would face sanctions such as:

Read more on https://brainly.com/question/17207229?referrer=searchResults

Answer:

a

Explanation:

because they need to protect the organization's information

Explanation:

Refactoring consists of improving the internal structure of an existing program's source code, while preserving its external behavior.