Because of the largely minor difference in electronegativity, the covalent bond is also referred to as nonpolar.
Ionic bonds versus polar covalent bonds: which is more polar?Any covalent bond involving atoms of various elements is polar, albeit the level of polarity varies considerably.While certain relationships between various elements are substantially polar, others are merely mildly polar.Because electrons are transferred rather than shared, ionic bonds can be thought of as having the highest degree of polarity.
What distinguishes an ionic link from a polar covalent bond?One or even more electrons are transferred from an atom of the a metallic electrophilic element to the an atom of a quasi electron - deficient element, resulting in the formation of ionic compounds.When the two atoms in a compound have an uneven distribution of electrons, the compound is said to be polar covalent.
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Which statement best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction?
The statement which best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction is reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined.
According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed during a reaction. This implies that the mass of each reactant and each product in a reaction will be equal. Although the mass may change forms during the reaction, neither matter creation nor destruction occurs.
In a closed system, matter is conserved, to put it another way. Nothing (gas, water, or other) may enter or leave a closed system. The system contains all of the products. The system cannot accept or reject matter. A closed system could be the entire earth or it could be a tightly enclosed test tube.
The terms "law of conservation of mass" and "law of conservation of matter" are frequently used interchangeably. The law may also go by the titles of the law of mass conservation or the conservation of matter.
Hence, reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined- best represents the law of conservation of matter.
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Your question is incomplete please write the complete question over the internet.
orbital filling diagram
Answer:
here is the diagram
Explanation:
What is known as the transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance?
Chemical reactions are the process by which an existing chemical substance is changed into a different chemical substance by forming and breaking bonds between various atoms.
What is the name for the process by which one substance becomes another?In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products.
What does chemistry mean by chemical transformation?Molecules can undergo a chemical change when they collide with enough force.An activation barriers that separates reactants and products is typically broken down during a reaction when the atoms are heated or exposed to radiation.
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The partial pressure of the blue gas in the container represented in the picture is 960 mmHg . a) What is the partial pressure of the red gas? b) What is the partial pressure of the yellow gas? c) What is the total pressure inside the container?
Answer:
Total Pressure: 2,160 mm Hg
Red Gas Pressure: 1,080 mm Hg
Yellow Gas Pressure: 360 mm Hg
Explanation:
Why does the reactivity of metal increase?
Metal reactivity is influenced by their propensity to lose electrons. The valence electrons are simply eliminated as the atomic size grows, resulting in the formation of positive ions.
A valence electron is an electron in an atom's outer shell that can take part in the production of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. This concept is used in both chemistry and physics. One valence electron from each atom in the link is contributed to form a shared pair in a single covalent bond. The electrons in an atom's outermost electron shell are known as valence electrons.
Metal reactivity is related to their capacity to oxidise, produce basic hydroxides, and combine with non-metals to produce ionic compounds. Nuclear charge, atomic radius, shielding effect, and sublevel arrangement are the four main variables that govern metal reactivity (of electrons).
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Is BaO ionic or covalent?
BaO is characterized by ionic bonding.
There are many types of chemical bonds that bond the molecules together. The most important types of bond are generally ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bond, electrons transfer takes place whereas in the covalent bonding, sharing of electrons takes.
We need one electron donor and one electron acceptor in case of ionic bond but in case of the covalent bonds, atoms with same electronegativity share the electrons. Also, ionic bonds are formed between metal and a non- metal and covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals.
In this question, we need to determine whether BaO is covalent or ionic. Here, in this case barium is metal and oxygen is non-metal. Ionic bonds generally occur between metallic elements and nonmetallic elements. Hence, there is a bond between metal and non-metal so the bond formed will be ionic.
Therefore, BaO has an ionic bond.
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What is the comparison of ionic and covalent bonds?
Comparisons between ionic and covalent bonds are:
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Ionic bonds are typically stronger than covalent bonds, but covalent bonds are more stable and can form more complicated structures.What is the importance of ionic bonds and covalent bonds?Ionic bonds and covalent bonds are important to chemistry, because they form the basis of most molecules and compounds. Ionic bonds are attracted electrostatically between two oppositely charged ions, while covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons.
Both types of bonds are important in forming the strong, stable molecules that make up all matter on Earth. Without these types of bonds, many of the substances we rely on every day would not exist.
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What chemical causes When onions are sliced?
When an onion is chopped, certain substances called lachrymators are released, irritating the lacrimal glands and the nerves that surround the eyes.
Methionine and cystine, two members of the amino acid family, make up these molecules. (These amino acids are joined together to form proteins.)
These substances are released into the air when an onion is cut or diced. When this happens, a "enzyme" transforms the amino acids into chemicals that act as lachrymators. This type of sulfuric acid irritates the eyes' nearby nerves, causing tears to develop.
Hence, lachrymator causes tearing of eyes.
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Would oxygen and nitrogen form an ionic bond?
No, oxygen and nitrogen will not form an ionic bond.
Covalent bonds formed by sharing electron pairs are what bind nitrogen and oxygen together. Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.0, while oxygen has a value of 3.5.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), water (H₂O), and methane (CH₄) are five examples of covalent bonding. A covalent bond is a type of chemical relationship where two atoms share electron pairs.
Thus, bond between Nitrogen and oxygen is not ionic but covalent bond.
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Which quantity determines how two atoms bond?
Electronegativity is the capacity of an atom in a molecule to draw shared electrons. The difference in the electronegativities of two atoms determines the type of bond that will result from their union.
The bonding between atoms in a solid is determined by the
1. magnitude of the electronegativities of the solid's atoms and 2. variations in these electronegativities.
As a result, the bond-type triangle shown in the image below can be used to identify which category a solid should fall under. For compounds with metallic bonds, ionic solids should be used, followed by network covalent solids for compounds with ionic bond, and molecular solids for compounds with covalent bonds.
Combinations of atoms whose electronegativities and electronegativity discrepancies place them in the lower left corner of the bond-type triangle seen in the above picture are predicted to form metallic solids. Covalent materials are located in the lower right corner of this triangle, while ionic compounds are located in the triangle's center, at the top.
Hence, electronegativity determines how two atoms bond.
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How much heat is required to warm 1.80 L of water from 30.0 ∘C to 100.0 ∘C ? (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.)
The heat required to warm 1.80 L of water from 30°C to 100°C is equal to 527184 J.
What is the specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity can be described as the quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of 1 unit of substance by one-degree Celcius.
Assume that m is the mass of the material and the change in temperature by loss or absorption of heat 'Q' can be represented as:
Q = mCΔT
Given, the initial temperature of the water =30 °C
The final temperature of water = 100 °C
The change in the temperature = 100 - 30 = 70 °C
The volume of water, V = 1.80 L = 1800 ml
The density of water, d = 1 g/ml
The mass of water, m = d ×V = 1 × 1800 = 1800 g
Specific heat capacity, C(water) = 4.184 J/ g°C
The amount of heat absorbed by the water to change its temperatures can be calculated as:
Q = 1800 g × (4.184 J/g°C) × 70 °C
Q = 527184 J
Therefore, the heat required to warm the water is 527184 J.
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Provide the structure of the BEST alkyl halide substrate to start with if you hope to obtain each of
the following products as the MAJOR elimination product:
Balance the equation in basic conditions. Phases are optional.
equation:
CoCl2+Na2O2⟶Co(OH)3+Cl−+Na+
The balanced reaction is shown as ;[tex]2H_{2} O + 2OH^- + 2CoCl_{2} +Na_{2} O_{2} ---- > 2CoCl_{3} + 4Cl^- + 2Na^+[/tex]
What is a redox reaction?We know that a redox reaction is a kind of reaction where one specie is oxidized while the other specie is reduced in the reaction. In this case, we are trying to see how to balance the reaction that is shown under basic conditions.
We know that under basic conditions, we would have to add the hydroxide ions and water so that we can be able to balance the reaction as shown. We would now have; [tex]2H_{2} O + 2OH^- + 2CoCl_{2} +Na_{2} O_{2} ---- > 2CoCl_{3} + 4Cl^- + 2Na^+[/tex]. Thus the reaction is balanced under basic conditions.
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Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state, but do conduct electricity in what 2 states
Ionic compounds conduct electricity in an aqueous solution and molten state but do not conduct electricity in a solid state.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds can be defined as crystalline solids generated by closely packed ions with opposite charges. An Ionic compound can be described as generally formed when one metal reacts with a non-metal.
In ionic compounds, the ions in the compound are usually held together by ionic bonds. The ions are produced by gaining or losing electrons in order to attain the nearest noble gas configuration.
In a reaction, the metals commonly lose electrons to achieve their complete octet while non-metals gain electrons to get a full octet.
In the solid state, Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because ions are at fixed positions and do not move.
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What is the distance between two adjacent base pairs?
The normal distance between the two successive base pairs within a DNA is 3.4 Angstroms or 0.34 nm.
What is base pairs?DNA base pair. Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together. The binding of these base pairs forms the structure of DNA .
What is hydrogen bonding in base pairs?Hydrogen bonding is the chemical interaction that underlies the base-pairing rules described above. Appropriate geometrical correspondence of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allows only the "right" pairs to form stably. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. But, contrary to popular belief, the hydrogen bonds do not stabilize the DNA significantly; stabilization is mainly due to stacking interactions.
What is angstroms?A unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter, 10−10 meter, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.
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What happens when you take magnesium hydroxide?
Saline laxatives are a group of drugs that include magnesium hydroxide.It functions by making the feces retain water.The stool becomes softer and more easily passable as a result of increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
What adverse consequences does magnesium hydroxide cause?Magnesium hydroxide adverse effects include severe diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting; failure to pass stool after using the drug as a laxative; gastrointestinal bleeding; or exacerbation of symptoms.
How is an upset stomach treated with magnesium hydroxide?The symptoms of having too much stomach acid, such as heartburn, an upset stomach, or indigestion, are also treated with this medicine.It is an acid that reduces stomach acid in order to work.
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If the reactants of a reaction have one S and four O atoms, what will the
products have?
A. Four S atoms and one O atom
B. One S atom and four O atoms
C. One S atom and one O atom
D. Four S atoms and four O atoms
Answer:
B
Explanation:
There's a law (very important) in chemistry.
The conservation of mass law states:
The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed
The reactants are on the left side of the equation, or the things that get added together to make new products.
Due to this law, there must be the same amount of each atom on both the product, and reactant side.
Thus, your answer would be 'B' as there is the same amount of both types of atoms.
to identify hazardous materials in the dc
To identify the hazardous materials in the dc there are the Hazardous waste branch to protect human health and the environment .
The Hazardous Waste Branch protects human health and the environment from the hazards of mismanaged waste, helps reduce the amount of waste generated, and ensures that generated wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner. Facilities that generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste, universal waste, or used oil are regulated to ensure proper management of these waste from the moment it is generated until its ultimate disposal or destruction. The labels of hazardous chemicals usually contain the words 'danger' or 'warning', along with relevant pictograms and details of hazards.
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cups and glasses are taking too long to air dry this could be caused by
Cups and glasses are taking too long to air dry this could be caused by the bad ventilation system.
Bad ventilation, or the lack of air flow.
To make sure that no moisture is left on them.
If the moisture or some water drops are left on glasses or cups.
These water drops leave a strange mark and causes a smell in dishes.
Other reasons of cups and glasses are taking too long to dry than the improper working of ventilation can be:
Humidity in Air, Improper Heat, and use of Soap
Humidity in Air, causes high moisture in air that results in the delay in drying of dishes that may lead to even bad smell and bacterial infection on cups and glasses causing bad health.
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Offshore drilling is a common practice for obtaining oil for human use. For this process, a building the size of two football fields is built over the spot in the ocean that is going to be drilled into. The rig can last 30 years and remove millions of gallons over its time in service. Oil can be used for transportation fuels, production of plastic, and making electricity. Which of the following statements best describes an environmental concern with using offshore drilling to obtain oil?
A. Offshore drilling can increase biodiversity by changing the ecosystem.
B. Offshore drilling produces more greenhouse gasses than burning the oil itself
C. Offshore drilling requires a large amount of land use to obtain a small amount of oil
D. Offshore drilling can lead to contamination which threatens the organisms that live there
The statement that best describes an environmental concern with using offshore drilling to obtain oil is that Offshore drilling can lead to contamination which threatens the organisms that live there. That is option D.
What is off shore drilling?Offshore drilling is defined as one of the industrial method that is used for the extraction of oil from the seabed through method of drilling.
The disadvantages of offshore drilling include the following:
The increase risk of oil spill to the nearby aquatic body endangering the aquatic animals in the environment.Also the release of volatile organic compounds, greenhouse gases, and other air pollutants that can cause harm to human population.Learn more about greenhouse gases here:
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a 250 mL sample of ammonia (NH3) gas exerts pressure of 833 torr at 42.4 C. What mass of ammonia is in the container?
The mass of ammonia is in the container is 0.18744 g.
Calculation:
Given:
Volume ,V= 250 mL= 0.25 L
Pressure, P = 833 torr = 1.09605 atm
Temperature, T = 42.4°C
42.4 + 272.15 = 315.55 K
Let gas constant, R = 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K
We know,
M = 17.04 g/mol
Using the ideal gas law:
n= [tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
n= [tex]\frac{1.09605 X 0.25}{0.0821 X 315.55}[/tex]
n= 0.0106 ≅ 0.011
Mass of ammonia
m= n × M
m= 0.011 × 17.04
Mass of ammonia = 0.18744 g
What is ideal gas law?
An ideal gas is one in which there aren't any intermolecular attractive forces and all atom-to-atom or molecule-to-molecule collisions are entirely elastic. It can be imagined as a group of collision-free, completely hard spheres that are arranged in a collection. Any change in internal energy in such a gas results in a change in temperature since all of the internal energy is present in the form of kinetic energy.
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Which element can combine to form ionic bonds?
Ionic compounds are typically formed when metal and nonmetal components combine. For instance, the nonmetal chlorine and the metal calcium (Ca) combine to form the ionic compound calcium chloride (Cl).
All compounds are made up of atoms from different elements that share or transfer electrons. In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another. In this type of complex, electrons actively travel between the atoms rather than being shared. When atoms give up or take electrons in this way, they transform into charged particles known as ions. An ionic complex is formed when ions are held together by ionic bonds.
In this molecule, there are two negative chloride ions for every positive calcium ion. Because of this, an ionic substance has a neutral charge.
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1,11 kg CaCl2 and 1,11 kg KCl are dissolved in 4m^3 of water. Calculate hardness of this water in mequiv/l
200 ppm is the hardness of this water in mequiv/l.
How is water hardness determined?
Water hardness may be calculated using the formula Hardness = Cal 2.497 + Mg 4.118.The following steps can be used to calculate the hardness of water:Add 2.497 to the calcium ion concentration.Add 4.118 to the magnesium ion concentration.The result of adding the two figures is the water hardnessHow can you determine the water hardness in ppm?
Hardness = 100000 x M5 ppm Total hardness minus Permanent hardness equals Temporary hardness.Why is CaCO3 used to measure water hardness?
Because calcium carbonate has a molecular weight of 100 g/mol and is easier to compute when the value is represented in terms of 100, the hardness of water is often reported in parts per million (ppm) and evaluated in terms of calcium carbonate.To know more about water, checkout this link:
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What are the steps in the naturalization process ?
The naturalization process is the process by which a foreign citizen or national can become a U.S. citizen. It is a long and complicated process that requires a lot of paperwork, interviews and tests.
The first step is to determine if you are eligible to apply for naturalization. To be eligible, you must meet certain requirements, such as being a legal permanent resident for at least five years, good moral character, no criminal record, and a basic knowledge of U.S. history and government.
The next step is to submit the required paperwork, which includes the N-400 form and supporting documents demonstrating your eligibility. You may also be required to submit additional documents, such as birth and marriage certificates, military records, and financial documents.
Once your application has been submitted and accepted, you will be scheduled for an interview at a local USCIS office. During the interview, you will be asked questions about your application, including questions about your background, criminal record, and knowledge of U.S. history and government. You may also be required to take an English and civics test.
Following the interview, the USCIS will review your application and make a decision. If approved, you will be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony, where you will take the Oath of Allegiance and officially become a U.S. citizen.
The naturalization process can be long and complicated, but with the right help and preparation it is possible to become a U.S. citizen.
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Is O2 polar or nonpolar?
Being non-polar, oxygen. Its symmetry makes the molecule. The amount of force exerted on the electrons by the two oxygen atoms is the same.
The non-metallic chemical element oxygen is found in group 16 of the periodic table, also called the oxygen group (O). All living things require oxygen, a flavorless, odorless gas that has no colour or taste. By using it as a source of carbon and releasing the oxygen back into the environment, plants use the carbon dioxide that animals have absorbed and converted into.
Oxygen can react with almost every other element to form compounds in addition to reactions that remove elements from their combinations with one another. These processes are known as combustions, and they frequently produce heat and light as byproducts. The most important component is water.
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Identify the products formed in this Brønsted-Lowry reaction.
HPO2−4+HNO2↽−−⇀acid+base
acid: base:
The Brønsted-Lowry reaction can be written as; [tex]HPO_{4} ^{2-} + HNO_{2} ----- > H_{2} PO_{4} ^- + NO_{2}^-[/tex]. A proton was transferred in the reaction.
What is the Brønsted-Lowry reaction?We know that there are various definitions of acids and bases. One of the definitions of an acid is that an acid is a substance that is able to donate a proton. In this case we look upon an acid as a proton donor in a reaction. The base is a substance that is able to able to accept to proton hence we would classify the base as a proton acceptor in a given reaction.
We now have to look at the reaction as we have seen it here. In this case, we are looking at the reaction between the substance and we are looking at the one that looses a proton and the one that gained a proton so as to be able to obtain the products of the reaction.
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Which of the following atoms is smallest? N, P, As
Which has the highest ionization energy?
Question:
1. Which of the following atoms is the smallest ( N, P, As )?
2. Which has the highest ionization energy ( N, P, As )?
Answer:
1. Smallest atom will be N if I'm not mistaken.
2. Highest ionization energy will be N = 14, 5341
What are 5 examples of a chemical equation?
The five examples of chemical equation are as follows;
hydrogen + oxygen ---> water.
iron + oxygen ---> rust.
potassium and chlorine gas ---> chloride.
lime + carbon dioxide ---> calcium carbonate (used to strengthen masonry)
water + carbon dioxide + light ---> glucose and oxygen (photosynthesis)
A chemical equation is a representation of the reactants, products and catalyst involved to form products.The number of atoms on both reactant and product side is same.It follows the law of conservation of mass.Chemical equation are of various types.The examples of 5 chemical equation are as follows;hydrogen + oxygen ---> water.iron + oxygen ---> rust.potassium and chlorine gas ---> chloride.lime + carbon dioxide ---> calcium carbonate (used to strengthen masonry)water + carbon dioxide + light ---> glucose and oxygen (photosynthesis)To learn more about chemical equation visit:
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3. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements; list the following bonds in order of decreasing polarity. Identify the positive pole, if any.
F - F, P - O, N - O
4. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements, rank the percent ionic character of the bond between the following pairs of atoms from the lowest to the highest.
C - O, C - F, Na - O, Na - N, and Na - F
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
Define the term electronegativity of elements?The ability of an atom to draw shared electrons to it's own is measured by its electronegativity. Electronegativity on the periodic table typically rises from left to right over a period and falls as you go down a group.The reasons for the Electronegativity of different elemnts are-
F-F: This bond is nonpolar because the electronegativity of both fluorine atoms is the same, making the bond electrically neutral.P-O: This bond is polar because the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44) is greater than the electronegativity of phosphorus (2.19), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the phosphorus atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.N-O: This bond is more polar than the P-O bond because the electronegativity of nitrogen (3.04) is greater than the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the nitrogen atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.Thus,
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
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A 1.81 mol sample of Xe gas is confined in a 42.6 liter container at 14.1 °C.
If the amount of gas is increased to 2.72 mol, holding the volume and temperature constant, the pressure will increase because:
The pressure of the xenon gas will increase if the number of moles increases because as more molecules are in the container, the molecules hit the container of the wall more often (option C).
What is an ideal gas?Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container.
According to this question, a 1.81 mol sample of Xenon gas is confined in a 42.6 liter container at 14.1 °C. If the amount of gas is increased to 2.72 mol, holding the volume and temperature constant, the pressure will increase.
An increase in the number of gas molecules, while container volume stays constant causes the pressure to increase due to the fact that the molecules will collide more with the walls of the container.
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