Describe an imaginary company which you may base on a real one by:
1. a) Giving a name to your company
1. b) Describe it's main activities
1. c) Defining your company values and mission and explain what is unique about it
1. d ) What you do as a company—focus on what you do today and what
you aspire to do.
How you do it—think about your differentiators. What sets you apart from the
competition? Is it your tech? Your people? Your service?
Why you do it—why do you get out of bed in the morning and go to work?
This is the reason your company exists. It’s your purpose.
2. a) Define your candidate application experience. Is your jobs section easy to find on your
company’s website?
Is your job search function easy to use? Does it have filters?
Is your job application mobile optimized (i.e., can someone easily apply on their
smartphone)?
b) What is the application process? (Does it involve telephone pre-screening, how many interviews, etc.?) Each recruiter and hiring manager must understand the strategy, approach, goals, and what they are expected to contribute.
To ensure a successful hire, everyone on your team must buy into and understand the process, as well as what success looks like. As the person recruiting for the job (whether you’re the recruiter or hiring manager), it’s up to you to ensure that this communication happens.

In this game, Nash equilibrium has three points where each player has a number that is closer to the actual average.

In this game, Nash equilibrium has three points where each player has a number that is closer to the actual average. They are as follows:All individuals say 25.Playing 49 is a best response to any strategy of the other players.The strategy 40 is a best-response for one player if all other players choose 50. When all players play 50, every player wins and the prize is divided equally. This is thus a Nash equilibrium.

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In June, there were 419,000 equivalent units for materials and 399,400 for conversion, with costs per equivalent unit of $1.138 for materials and $0.310 for conversion. The total cost for ending work in process inventory and units transferred out was $145,664 and $413,094, respectively.

To answer the questions regarding the Mixing Department's production for June, we need to calculate the equivalent units, costs per equivalent unit, and total costs. Here are the solutions:

1. Equivalent units for June:

Materials: 363,000 units completed and transferred out + (128,000 units in ending WIP * 50% completion) = 419,000 equivalent units

Conversion: 363,000 units completed and transferred out + (128,000 units in ending WIP * 30% completion) = 399,400 equivalent units

2. Costs per equivalent unit for June:

Materials cost per equivalent unit = Total materials cost / Equivalent units = $477,000 / 419,000 = $1.138

Conversion cost per equivalent unit = Total conversion cost / Equivalent units = $124,000 / 399,400 = $0.310

3. Total cost of ending work in process inventory and units transferred out in June:

Ending work in process inventory cost: Materials cost per equivalent unit * Equivalent units in ending WIP = $1.138 * 128,000 = $145,664

Units transferred out cost: Materials cost per equivalent unit * Units completed and transferred out = $1.138 * 363,000 = $413,094

4. Reconciliation report:

Beginning inventory costs + Costs added during the period = Total costs assigned

Starting materials cost + Starting conversion cost + Costs added during June = Ending materials cost + Ending conversion cost + Costs transferred out

$24,500 + $22,000 + $477,000 + $124,000 = $145,664 + Ending conversion cost + $413,094

To complete the reconciliation report, we would need the beginning conversion costs and the ending conversion costs, which are not provided in the information given.

In conclusion, we have calculated the equivalent units, costs per equivalent unit, and the total costs for the Mixing Department in June. However, we are unable to prepare a full reconciliation report without the beginning and ending conversion costs.

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To determine the monopoly price and output, we need to find the profit-maximizing quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The socially efficient price and output are determined by setting the marginal cost equal to the marginal benefit.

The maximum amount the firm should be willing to spend on lobbying efforts can be calculated as the difference between the monopoly profit and the social welfare at the socially efficient level.

a. To find the monopoly price and output, we set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost. In this case, the marginal revenue is given by the derivative of the inverse demand function: MR = 40 - 4Q. The marginal cost is given by the derivative of the cost function: MC = 8. Setting MR equal to MC, we have 40 - 4Q = 8. Solving for Q, we find Q = 8. Substituting this value back into the inverse demand function, we get P = 40 - 2(8) = $24. Therefore, the monopoly price is $24 and the monopoly output is 8 units.

b. The socially efficient price and output are determined by setting the marginal cost equal to the marginal benefit, which is represented by the inverse demand function. Setting MC = P, we have 8 = 40 - 2Q. Solving for Q, we find Q = 16. Substituting this value back into the inverse demand function, we get P = 40 - 2(16) = $8. Therefore, the socially efficient price is $8 and the socially efficient output is 16 units.

c. The maximum amount the firm should be willing to spend on lobbying efforts is equal to the difference between the monopoly profit and the social welfare at the socially efficient level. The monopoly profit is calculated as (P - MC) multiplied by the monopoly output, which is (24 - 8) * 8 = $128. The social welfare at the socially efficient level is calculated as the area under the demand curve up to the socially efficient quantity, which is (1/2) * 8 * (40 - 8) = $144. Therefore, the maximum amount the firm should be willing to spend on lobbying efforts is $144 - $128 = $16.

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The entry is made to reduce the liability for the cash dividend and record the outflow of cash when the dividend is paid to the shareholders.

March 1:

DR: Retained Earnings $93,750 (125,000 shares * $0.75)

CR: Cash Dividends $93,750

March 10:

No journal entry required. This is the record date, where the company determines which shareholders are eligible to receive the dividend. It does not involve any actual transaction or impact on the accounting records.

March 31:

DR: Cash Dividends $93,750

CR: Cash $93,750

On March 1, the entry is made to reduce the retained earnings and record the liability for the cash dividend declared.

On March 10, no journal entry is required as it is only the record date, and no actual transaction takes place.

On March 31, the entry is made to reduce the liability for the cash dividend and record the outflow of cash when the dividend is paid to the shareholders.

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Comparing Performance: Financial analysis enables comparisons of a company's performance over time, against industry benchmarks, or against competitors.

Financial analysis is a critical component of assessing a company's financial health and performance. It involves evaluating financial statements, ratios, and other financial metrics to gain insights into a company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, and overall financial stability. Financial analysis helps stakeholders, including managers, investors, and creditors, make informed decisions regarding the company. The primary objectives of financial analysis are: Assessing Profitability: Financial analysis helps measure a company's ability to generate profits. Various profitability ratios, such as gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE), are used to evaluate the company's profitability in relation to its sales, assets, and equity.

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Forecasting plays a critical role in operations management by providing valuable insights into future demand, allowing organizations to plan and make informed decisions.

Demand Planning: Accurate forecasting helps organizations anticipate customer demand for their products or services.

It allows them to align their production, inventory, and supply chain activities accordingly. By understanding future demand patterns, businesses can optimize their resources, reduce lead times, and avoid stockouts or excess inventory.

Production and Capacity Planning: Forecasting enables organizations to plan their production capacity effectively. It helps determine the required production levels, staffing requirements, and equipment utilization.

Supply Chain Management: Forecasts are crucial for managing the entire supply chain, from raw material procurement to finished goods delivery.

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Utilizing a public warehouse can offer several advantages to customers. Here are some key advantages:

1. Flexibility: Public warehouses provide flexibility in terms of space and resources. Customers can adjust their storage needs according to fluctuations in demand, seasonal variations, or changes in their business requirements. They can easily increase or decrease the storage space they rent, without long-term commitments or significant costs.

2. Cost-effectiveness: Public warehouses operate on a shared cost model, allowing multiple customers to share the expenses of storage, handling, equipment, and personnel. This shared cost structure can result in cost savings for customers compared to maintaining their private warehouse facilities. Additionally, customers can avoid upfront investments in infrastructure and equipment.

3. Scalability: Public warehouses can accommodate the growth and expansion needs of customers. As businesses grow, they can easily access additional space and resources provided by the public warehouse. This scalability allows customers to focus on their core operations while relying on the warehouse to support their changing storage and distribution requirements.

4. Expertise and Services: Public warehouses often offer value-added services such as inventory management, order fulfillment, packaging, labeling, and transportation. Customers can leverage the expertise and infrastructure of the warehouse provider to streamline their supply chain operations and enhance their overall efficiency.

5. Geographic Reach: Public warehouses are typically strategically located in areas with good transportation connectivity, making it easier for customers to reach their target markets. Customers can benefit from the warehouse's proximity to transportation hubs, reducing transit times and improving the overall speed and reliability of their supply chain.

6. Risk Mitigation: Public warehouses typically have security measures, insurance coverage, and disaster recovery plans in place. By utilizing a public warehouse, customers can minimize the risks associated with theft, damage, or loss of inventory. They can rely on the warehouse's professional management and infrastructure to ensure the safety and security of their goods.

Overall, utilizing a public warehouse provides customers with flexibility, cost-effectiveness, scalability, access to services, geographical advantages, and risk mitigation. These advantages allow customers to focus on their core business activities while relying on the expertise and infrastructure of the public warehouse to support their storage and distribution needs.

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The value today of a money machine that will pay $1,902.00 every six months for 20 years, with an interest rate of 12%, can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity.

Using the formula: PV = PMT * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r

Where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment amount, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.

Substituting the given values, we have:

PMT = $1,902.00

r = 12% = 0.12 (per six-month period)

n = 20 * 2 = 40 (number of six-month periods)

Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the present value (value today) of the money machine.

Similarly, for the second scenario, the value today of a money machine that will pay $2,322.00 per year for 26 years, with an interest rate of 7%, can be calculated using the same formula.

By applying the formula and substituting the given values, we can find the present value of the money machine in this case as well.

It's important to note that the present value represents the value of future cash flows in today's dollars, taking into account the time value of money and the specified interest rate.

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Title: Reflection on Personal Listening Habits

Introduction:

Listening is a vital skill that greatly impacts our communication and understanding of others. In this reflection paper, I will explore my own listening habits, acknowledging areas where I have succeeded and identifying areas where improvement is needed. Drawing insights from the class material, I will analyze the factors that contribute to both my successes and failures in effective listening.

Body:

1. Successes in Listening:

a. Active Listening: I have developed the habit of actively engaging in conversations by maintaining eye contact, nodding, and providing verbal cues, which demonstrate my attentiveness and understanding to the speaker.

b. Empathy: I have recognized the importance of empathetic listening, putting myself in the speaker's shoes, and striving to understand their perspective and emotions.

c. Minimizing Distractions: I make conscious efforts to create an environment conducive to effective listening by reducing external distractions and giving my full attention to the speaker.

2. Areas Needing Improvement:

a. Preconceived Notions: At times, I catch myself forming preconceived notions or assumptions about the speaker's opinions or ideas, which hinders my ability to truly listen and understand their message.

b. Internal Distractions: Internal distractions, such as personal biases or wandering thoughts, occasionally divert my attention from the speaker's words, leading to gaps in comprehension.

c. Interrupting and Rushing to Respond: Impatience and the eagerness to contribute my own thoughts can lead to interrupting the speaker prematurely or formulating responses before they have finished speaking, thereby hindering effective listening.

Conclusion:

Reflecting on my listening habits, I have recognized both areas of strength and aspects that require improvement. Through active listening, empathy, and minimizing distractions, I have experienced successes in fostering meaningful communication. However, challenges arise when I fall into the trap of preconceived notions, internal distractions, and rushing to respond. To enhance my listening skills, I will strive to overcome these challenges by practicing mindful awareness, suspending judgment, and cultivating patience. By actively working on these areas, I aim to become a more effective and empathetic listener, facilitating better understanding and communication in both personal and professional settings.

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The manufacturing  budget for Savage Ltd. in 2020 is as follows: variable overhead costs of $18,100 in the first quarter, with $4,400 increments three quarters, and fixed overhead costs of $32,600 in each quarter.

To prepare the manufacturing overhead budget for Savage Ltd. for the year 2020, we need to determine the variable and fixed overhead costs for each quarter.

In the first quarter, the variable manufacturing overhead costs are estimated to be $18,100.

For the remaining three quarters, there will be $4,400 increments in the variable manufacturing overhead costs. Therefore, the second quarter will have variable overhead costs of $18,100 + $4,400 = $22,500, the third quarter will have $22,500 + $4,400 = $26,900, and the fourth quarter will have $26,900 + $4,400 = $31,300.

The fixed overhead costs remain constant in each quarter at $32,600.

Therefore, the manufacturing overhead budget for each quarter in 2020 is as follows:

First quarter: Variable overhead costs $18,100, Fixed overhead costs $32,600.

Second quarter: Variable overhead costs $22,500, Fixed overhead costs $32,600.

Third quarter: Variable overhead costs $26,900, Fixed overhead costs $32,600.

Fourth quarter: Variable overhead costs $31,300, Fixed overhead costs $32,600.

By preparing this manufacturing overhead budget, Savage Ltd. can plan and allocate their overhead costs effectively throughout the year.

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The amount by which the break-even point in dollars will decrease if Rubber City purchases the new CNC machine is $84,480.

Break-even analysis is a technique used to determine the point at which the total cost of production is equal to the total revenue generated, resulting in no loss or profit. It is the point at which the company can recover its investment in the product and start earning a profit.Average variable manufacturing cost per frame is $80, and the average variable selling cost per frame is $146,500. It follows that the total variable cost per unit is $146,580 ($80 + $146,500).The total fixed costs for the current system are $534,000 ($146,500 + $387,500).The total revenue for the current system is $960,000 ($1,280 × 750).The contribution margin per unit is calculated as follows:Contribution margin = selling price per unit - variable cost per unit= $1,280 - $146,580= $1,133.20The contribution margin ratio is calculated as follows:Contribution margin ratio = contribution margin per unit / selling price per unit= $1,133.20 / $1,280= 0.885The break-even point in units is calculated as follows:Break-even point (units) = total fixed cost / contribution margin per unit= $534,000 / $1,133.20= 471.26Therefore, the break-even point in units is 472.The break-even point in dollars is calculated as follows:Break-even point (dollars) = break-even point (units) × selling price per unit= 472 × $1,280= $606,720If Rubber City purchases the new CNC machine, the variable cost per unit will decrease by $200. As a result, the new variable cost per unit will be $146,380 ($146,580 - $200).The new total fixed costs will be $548,162 ($534,000 + $14,162).The new contribution margin per unit will be $1,333.20 ($1,280 - $146,380).The new contribution margin ratio will be 0.904 ($1,333.20 / $1,280).The new break-even point in units is calculated as follows:Break-even point (units) = total fixed cost / contribution margin per unit= $548,162 / $1,333.20= 411.52Therefore, the new break-even point in units is 412.The new break-even point in dollars is calculated as follows: Break-even point (dollars) = break-even point (units) × selling price per unit= 412 × $1,280= $527,360The amount by which the break-even point in dollars will decrease if Rubber City purchases the new CNC machine is $84,480 ($606,720 - $527,360).Therefore, option D, $84,480, is the correct answer.

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The manufacturing overhead for the quarter is 260.

The table below presents the data from the financial statement of the company:

Image of a table with the following values:

Sales revenue 450

Direct material 50

Direct labor 150

Manufacturing overhead 60

Selling and administrative expense 30

Interest expense 20

Income tax expense 60

Total expense 370

Net income 80

Formula used to solve the problem:

Manufacturing overhead = Total expense - Direct material - Direct labor - Selling and administrative expense - Interest expense - Income tax expense

Now, let's solve the problem:

Total expense = 370

Direct material = 50

Direct labor = 150

Selling and administrative expense = 30

Interest expense = 20

Income tax expense = 60

Manufacturing overhead = 370 - 50 - 150 - 30 - 20 - 60

Manufacturing overhead = 60 - 310

Manufacturing overhead = 260

Therefore, the manufacturing overhead for the quarter is 260 (Option A).

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The law of one price, which states that the price of a particular good should be the same across different locations, holds more strongly for individual goods compared to a "market basket" of goods. However, when significant transportation and storage costs are involved, the law of one price is more likely to hold for a market basket of goods.

The law of one price is based on the assumption of perfect competition and the absence of transaction costs. It suggests that identical goods should have the same price in different locations. However, when considering a market basket of goods, which is a collection of various goods typically purchased together, the law of one price may not hold as strongly.

The reason for this is that market baskets often consist of goods that may have different production and transportation costs, resulting in price variations. Additionally, market baskets may contain perishable goods or those with high storage costs, which can further contribute to price differences across locations.

However, when significant transportation and storage costs are involved, it becomes more likely for the law of one price to hold for a market basket of goods. These costs act as equalizers, making it more economically viable for prices to converge across locations to account for the expenses incurred in transportation and storage.

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One of the powers which is present in the Founding Era is the power of insiders and outsiders. Insiders refer to individuals or groups who have access to government information and decision-making, while outsiders are those who lack this access.

In the Founding Era, the power of insiders and outsiders was shaped by the structure of the new government.In the United States Constitution, the creation of a representative government was aimed at reducing the influence of insiders, and it granted equal power to all citizens.

This system of checks and balances was meant to ensure that no single group could gain too much power or influence in the new government.However, in practice, the power of insiders and outsiders has often been shaped by factors such as wealth, education, and social status.

Wealthy individuals and groups have historically had more access to government officials and decision-making processes, while less privileged groups have often been marginalized in the political system.Drawing on the Founding Era, we can see that the power of insiders and outsiders is an ongoing issue in American politics.

While the Constitution sought to create a government that was fair and representative of all citizens, the reality is that access to power and decision-making is often shaped by social and economic factors.

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a. To calculate the value of the annual incentive fee according to the Black-Scholes formula, we need to use the formula for European call options:

Incentive Fee = Net Asset Value * N(d1) - High Water Mark * e^(-Risk-Free Rate * Time) * N(d2)

Where:

- N(d1) and N(d2) are the cumulative standard normal distribution functions of the respective d-values.

- d1 = (ln(NPV / HW) + [(Risk-Free Rate + (0.5 * Volatility^2)) * Time]) / (Volatility * sqrt(Time))

- d2 = d1 - (Volatility * sqrt(Time))

Using the provided values:

- Net Asset Value (NPV) = $74

- High Water Mark (HW) = $79

- Risk-Free Rate = 5% = 0.05 (converted to decimal)

- Volatility = 50% = 0.5 (converted to decimal)

- Time = 1 year

Calculate d1:

d1 = (ln(74 / 79) + [(0.05 + (0.5 * 0.5)) * 1]) / (0.5 * sqrt(1))

Calculate d2:

d2 = d1 - (0.5 * sqrt(1))

Calculate N(d1) and N(d2) using the cumulative standard normal distribution table or a statistical software.

Once you have the values of N(d1) and N(d2), plug them into the formula to calculate the Incentive Fee.

b. To calculate the annual incentive fee if the fund had no high water mark and earned it on its total return, you need to apply the incentive fee rate (20%) directly to the total return of the fund.

Incentive Fee = Net Asset Value * (Total Return - 1) * Incentive Fee Rate

c. To calculate the annual incentive fee if the fund had no high water mark and earned it on the return in excess of the risk-free rate, you need to subtract the risk-free rate from the total return before applying the incentive fee rate.

Incentive Fee = Net Asset Value * (Total Return - Risk-Free Rate) * Incentive Fee Rate

d. The provided information for part (b) seems to be incomplete. Please provide the additional information or details needed to recalculate the incentive fee value with increased fund leverage.

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The correct answer is $37,300.

To determine the correct answer, let's evaluate the given options and calculate the net cash provided or used by operating activities based on the provided information.

Net loss: $13,200

Decrease in accounts receivable: $28,400

Increase in inventory: $21,800

Increase in accounts payable: $30,800

Depreciation expense: $26,300

To calculate the net cash provided or used by operating activities, we need to consider the changes in current assets and liabilities, as well as non-cash expenses like depreciation.

1. Option 1: $50,500 - This option suggests that operating activities provided net cash of $50,500. Let's calculate if this is accurate:

Net cash provided or used by operating activities

= Net loss + Depreciation expense + Increase in accounts payable - Decrease in accounts receivable + Increase in inventory

= -$13,200 + $26,300 + $30,800 - $28,400 + $21,800

= $37,300

Option 1 is incorrect. The correct answer is not $50,500.

2. Option 2: $78,900 - This option suggests that operating activities provided net cash of $78,900. Let's calculate if this is accurate:

Net cash provided or used by operating activities

= Net loss + Depreciation expense + Increase in accounts payable - Decrease in accounts receivable + Increase in inventory

= -$13,200 + $26,300 + $30,800 - $28,400 + $21,800

= $37,300

Option 2 is incorrect. The correct answer is not $78,900.

3. Option 3: $50,500 - This option suggests that operating activities used net cash of $50,500. Let's calculate if this is accurate:

Net cash provided or used by operating activities

= Net loss + Depreciation expense + Increase in accounts payable - Decrease in accounts receivable + Increase in inventory

= -$13,200 + $26,300 + $30,800 - $28,400 + $21,800

= $37,300

Option 3 is incorrect. The correct answer is not $50,500.

4.Option 4: $11,100 - This option suggests that operating activities used net cash of $11,100. Let's calculate if this is accurate:

Net cash provided or used by operating activities

= Net loss + Depreciation expense + Increase in accounts payable - Decrease in accounts receivable + Increase in inventory

= -$13,200 + $26,300 + $30,800 - $28,400 + $21,800

= $37,300

Option 4 is incorrect. The correct answer is not $11,100.

Based on the calculations, none of the given options accurately represent the net cash provided or used by operating activities. The correct answer is $37,300.

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The maximum expected total revenue is $9,000,000.

The variable cost per unit is $35.

The expected profit when operating at 85% capacity is $3,950,000.

The breakeven number of electrical appliances is 27,778 units.

To calculate the maximum expected total revenue, we multiply the selling price per unit ($90) by the maximum output capacity of the plant (100,000 units). Thus, the maximum expected total revenue is $9,000,000.

The variable cost per unit can be determined by dividing the total variable cost ($3,500,000) by the maximum output capacity (100,000 units). Therefore, the variable cost per unit is $35.

To calculate the expected profit at 85% capacity, we need to find the expected revenue and subtract the variable and fixed costs. The expected revenue is the selling price per unit ($90) multiplied by the production level at 85% capacity (85,000 units). The variable cost is the variable cost per unit ($35) multiplied by the production level. The fixed cost remains constant at $2,500,000. By subtracting the variable and fixed costs from the expected revenue, we find that the expected profit is $3,950,000.

The breakeven number of electrical appliances is the point at which the total revenue equals the total cost. By dividing the fixed costs ($2,500,000) by the contribution margin (selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit), which is $90 - $35 = $55, we can determine the breakeven number of appliances, which is 27,778 units.

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Situational theory is a relevant and useful framework for public relations practitioners to understand and address issues or create opportunities. By analyzing the specific situation and considering factors such as the organization's goals, the audience's characteristics, and the available communication channels, practitioners can tailor their strategies and messages to effectively engage stakeholders and achieve desired outcomes.

Situational theory, also known as contingency theory, recognizes that different situations require different approaches in public relations. It emphasizes the importance of adapting communication strategies to match the specific circumstances and variables at play.

During a crisis, a public relations practitioner faces a unique and challenging situation that requires immediate and effective communication to protect the reputation of the organization and maintain stakeholder trust. By applying situational theory, the practitioner can assess the crisis situation and make informed decisions on the appropriate response strategies.

First, the practitioner needs to analyze the characteristics of the crisis, such as its severity, potential impact, and public perceptions. This understanding helps determine the level of urgency and the appropriate tone and messaging for communication efforts.

For example, if the crisis involves a product safety issue that poses significant harm to consumers, the response should be swift, transparent, and empathetic to address public concerns.

Next, the practitioner considers the audience's characteristics, including their attitudes, beliefs, and values. This knowledge enables the development of targeted messages that resonate with the specific stakeholders involved.

For instance, if the crisis affects a particular demographic or customer segment, the communication strategy should be tailored to address their concerns and provide relevant information.

Furthermore, situational theory prompts the practitioner to assess the available communication channels and select the most effective ones to reach the target audience. This may involve utilizing traditional media, social media platforms, direct communication, or a combination of channels based on the crisis context and the audience's preferences.

By applying situational theory, the public relations practitioner gains a comprehensive understanding of the crisis situation, allowing them to tailor their strategies and messages accordingly. This approach increases the likelihood of effectively managing the crisis, addressing stakeholder concerns, and preserving the organization's reputation.

By analyzing the situation, considering audience characteristics, and selecting appropriate communication channels, practitioners can develop tailored strategies that effectively engage stakeholders and achieve desired outcomes. This approach is particularly relevant in crisis communication, where prompt and targeted responses are crucial for managing reputation and maintaining stakeholder trust.

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The flaws in American capitalism are subjective, and alternative models like socializing or centralizing economic planning have trade-offs involving efficiency and individual freedoms.

The assessment of the American business model depends on one's perspective and priorities. Critics argue that the concentration of wealth, income inequality, and economic instability are inherent flaws of market-based capitalism. However, proponents highlight its potential for innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Steps to socialize or centralize economic planning can address some concerns, such as income inequality, but they also raise questions about government control, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and limitations on individual choices.

Business law can play a role in addressing concerns and dangers by regulating corporate behavior, promoting transparency, protecting consumers and workers, and ensuring fair competition. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks of different economic systems is a complex task, requiring careful consideration of societal values, economic goals, and the trade-offs involved in pursuing alternative models.

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The cash dividend per ordinary share in Armor Corporation is ₱2.85. This represents the amount of cash dividend that each ordinary shareholder would receive per share they hold.

To calculate the cash dividend per ordinary share, we need to consider the total cash dividend declared and the number of ordinary shares outstanding. From the information provided, we can determine the number of ordinary shares as follows:

Subscribed Ordinary Share Capital = ₱660,000 (given)

Par value per ordinary share = ₱30 (given)

Number of ordinary shares = Subscribed Ordinary Share Capital / Par value per ordinary share

                       = ₱660,000 / ₱30

                       = 22,000 shares

Now, to calculate the cash dividend per ordinary share, we divide the total cash dividend declared by the number of ordinary shares:

Cash dividend per ordinary share = Total cash dividend declared / Number of ordinary shares

                               = ₱820,000 / 22,000 shares

                               ≈ ₱2.85 (rounded to two decimal places)

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The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is $59,400, calculated by adding the beginning inventory ($12,200) to the cost of merchandise purchased ($45,200) and subtracting the ending inventory ($18,200).

The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is a financial metric that represents the direct cost of producing or acquiring the goods sold by a company. To calculate COGS, you need the beginning inventory, purchases, and ending inventory figures.

In this case, the beginning inventory is given as $12,200, the cost of merchandise purchased is $45,200, and the ending inventory is $18,200. To compute the COGS, you would add the beginning inventory to the cost of merchandise purchased and subtract the ending inventory.

COGS = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory

    = $12,200 + $45,200 - $18,200

    = $59,400

Therefore, the Cost of Goods Sold is $59,400. This indicates that the company incurred $59,400 in direct costs associated with producing or acquiring the goods that were sold during the given period.

It's important to note that the COGS figure is essential for calculating the gross profit and determining the overall profitability of a business.

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a.marginal revenue is calculated by taking the difference between total revenue at two different levels of output.

b.The marginal cost between 6 and 9 units of output is:

MC = ($160 * (9 - 6)) / (345 - 210) = $1.95

c.the profit-maximizing rate of output for Widgetco is 24 units.

d.The wage rate would be $7.25 (the marginal revenue product of the third worker).

e.Widgetco should hire 18 workers to maximize profits.

a. Marginal revenue and marginal cost schedules:To find marginal revenue, first, we need to calculate total revenue. This can be found by multiplying price and quantity:For example, when the output is 210, the price is $8.95. Therefore, total revenue is:210 × $8.95 = $1,879.50We can repeat this process for each level of output to get the following table:Now that we have total revenue, we can find marginal revenue. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from selling one more unit of output. Therefore, marginal revenue is calculated by taking the difference between total revenue at two different levels of output.

For example, to find marginal revenue when the output increases from 210 to 345, we can take the difference in total revenue:$2,329.50 - $1,879.50 = $450. Now we can repeat this process for each level of output to get the following table:To find marginal cost, we need to calculate the change in total cost from producing one more unit of output. Since each worker costs $160, the variable cost of producing one more unit of output is $160.To find total cost, we need to add fixed cost and variable cost. Fixed cost is given as $950, so total cost can be calculated as:Total cost = fixed cost + (variable cost per worker × number of workers).

For example, when the output is 210, we need 6 workers. Therefore, total cost is:Total cost = $950 + ($160 × 6) = $1,910We can repeat this process for each level of output to get the following table:Now that we have total cost, we can find marginal cost. Marginal cost is the change in total cost from producing one more unit of output. Therefore, marginal cost is calculated by taking the difference between total cost at two different levels of output.For example, to find marginal cost when the output increases from 210 to 345, we can take the difference in total cost:$2,560 - $1,910 = $650Now we can repeat this process for each level of output to get the following table:The profit-maximizing rate of output is the rate at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

This occurs when output is 15 (where MR = MC is first achieved).b. Graph:Please find the attached image for the graph of demand curve, marginal revenue curve, marginal cost curve, and average cost curve:To maximize profit, Widgetco should produce 549 widgets at a price of $7.25 per widget. This is the point where the marginal cost curve intersects with the marginal revenue curve.c. Marginal revenue product schedule:To find the marginal revenue product for each level of output, we need to multiply marginal revenue by the marginal product of labor. We already have the marginal revenue for each level of output.

The marginal product of labor can be found by calculating the change in output from hiring one more worker.For example, when the output is 210, we need 6 workers. When the output is 345, we need 9 workers. Therefore, the marginal product of labor is:Marginal product of labor = (output with one more worker) - (output with current number of workers)Marginal product of labor = 345 - 210 = 135Now we can repeat this process for each level of output to get the following table:To find the profit-maximizing number of workers, we need to find the number of workers where the marginal revenue product equals the wage rate.

This occurs at the point where 3 workers are hired.d. Competitive output:If the widget market were competitive, output would be determined by the intersection of the market demand curve and the market supply curve. In a perfectly competitive market, the market supply curve is horizontal at the wage rate. Therefore, output would be determined by the point where the market demand curve intersects the horizontal line representing the wage rate.e. Competitive wage rate:If workers were paid according to their marginal revenue product, each worker would receive a wage equal to the marginal revenue product of the last worker hired. Therefore, the wage rate would be $7.25 (the marginal revenue product of the third worker).

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the total amount of depreciation she can deduct for these assets for 2021 is $1,050,000.

The correct statement is: The Special Depreciation Allowance (Bonus) can be used on both personal and real property used in a business.

For the second question, to calculate the total amount of depreciation Keira can deduct for the assets in 2021, we need to consider Section 179 and Bonus depreciation.

Since Keira elects to use the maximum amount of Section 179, the deduction for Section 179 is limited to $1,050,000 for 2021. This is subtracted from the total cost of the equipment, leaving $2,100,000 - $1,050,000 = $1,050,000.

Since she elects out of Bonus depreciation, she will not be able to deduct any additional depreciation for the assets.

Therefore, the total amount of depreciation she can deduct for these assets for 2021 is $1,050,000.

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The statement "When considering the team composition organizations should consider team members: personality, skills, and desire to be a member of a team" is TRUE

When creating a team, the right team composition is important. Team members should be chosen based on their skills, experience, and personality. For example, you can choose an expert in marketing and another one in customer service if you want to improve your customer's experience.It's important to consider the following when choosing members for your team:- Members' skills and knowledge- Members' willingness to be a part of the team- Members' availability to work with the team- Members' individual strengths and weaknessesWhen it comes to the second question, the correct answer is b. Virtual/remote teams have become more common during the COVID-19 pandemic as many companies are encouraging their employees to work from home to prevent the spread of the virus.

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To calculate the amount of depreciation to be charged each year, we will first need to determine the depreciable cost of the machine.

the amount of depreciation to be charged each year would be:

2024: $5,100

2025: $6,375

2026: $7,650

2027: $6,375

The depreciable cost is the original cost of the asset minus its residual value. Therefore, in this case, the depreciable cost of the machine would be:

Depreciable cost = Original cost - Residual value

Depreciable cost = $112,000 - $10,000

Depreciable cost = $102,000

Next, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense using the straight-line method. The straight-line method assumes that an equal amount of depreciation is charged against the asset each year over its useful life.

Annual depreciation expense = Depreciable cost / Useful life

For this machine, the useful life is 4 years. Therefore, the annual depreciation expense would be:

Annual depreciation expense = $102,000 / 4

Annual depreciation expense = $25,500

Now, we can allocate the annual depreciation expense to each year based on the expected number of production units. We can do this by calculating the depreciation rate per unit and then multiplying it by the actual number of units produced each year.

Depreciation rate per unit = Annual depreciation expense / Total expected units of production

Depreciation rate per unit = $25,500 / 200,000

Depreciation rate per unit = $0.1275 per unit

Using this depreciation rate per unit, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year as follows:

2024: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 40,000 = $5,100

2025: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 50,000 = $6,375

2026: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 60,000 = $7,650

2027: Depreciation expense = $0.1275 x 50,000 = $6,375

Therefore, the amount of depreciation to be charged each year would be:

2024: $5,100

2025: $6,375

2026: $7,650

2027: $6,375

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For a company to achieve a competitive advantage through its employees, it must provide them with the necessary education and training, relevant experience, motivation, effective communication, and a positive work culture. This helps to create an environment where employees are able to excel, leading to a competitive advantage for the company.

In order for firms to achieve a competitive advantage through their employees, several criteria must be met. The following is a brief discussion on some of the most important criteria:

Criteria for Achieving a Competitive Advantage through Employees

1. Education and Training: Employees must be educated and trained in the latest and best practices in their field. This allows them to stay up to date with the latest developments and provide the best possible service to the company's clients or customers.

2. Experience: Employees must have relevant experience to help the company compete. This can come in the form of previous work experience, industry knowledge, or other relevant skills.

3. Motivation: Employees must be motivated to succeed and to help the company achieve its goals. This can be achieved through various incentives such as bonuses, promotions, and other rewards.

4. Communication: Effective communication is essential in achieving a competitive advantage through employees. Employees must be able to communicate effectively with one another and with management to ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal.

5. Culture: Finally, a company's culture must be conducive to success. This includes a positive work environment, open communication, and a focus on customer satisfaction. All of these factors combine to create an environment where employees can excel, leading to a competitive advantage for the company.

In conclusion, for a company to achieve a competitive advantage through its employees, it must provide them with the necessary education and training, relevant experience, motivation, effective communication, and a positive work culture. This helps to create an environment where employees are able to excel, leading to a competitive advantage for the company.

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The actual warranty costs of $3 million are recorded in both approaches as an adjustment prior to the year-end.

1. Entries using the service-type approach for the year 2018:

a) To record sales: Accounts Receivable $150,000,000 Sales Revenue $150,000,000 (300,000 units x $500 per unit)

b) To recognize revenue: Sales Revenue $52,500,000 Unearned Revenue $52,500,000 (35% of $150,000,000)

c) To record warranty expenses: Warranty Expense $7,500,000 Warranty Liability $7,500,000 (300,000 units x $25 per unit)

d) To record actual warranty costs: Warranty Liability $3,000,000 Cash $3,000,000

2. Entries using the assurance-type approach for the year 2018:

a) To record sales: Accounts Receivable $150,000,000 Sales Revenue $150,000,000 (300,000 units x $500 per unit)

b) To record warranty revenue: Warranty Revenue $10,500,000 Unearned Warranty Revenue $10,500,000 (300,000 units x ($500 - $75))

c) To record warranty expenses: Warranty Expense $7,500,000 Warranty Liability $7,500,000 (300,000 units x $25 per unit)

d) To record actual warranty costs: Warranty Liability $3,000,000 Cash $3,000,000

In the service-type approach, revenue is recognized based on the percentage of completion, where 35% of the revenue is recognized in the year of sale. In contrast, the assurance-type approach recognizes revenue for the warranty portion separately, considering it as a service provided.

In both approaches, sales and warranty expenses are recorded. However, in the assurance-type approach, warranty revenue is also recognized. The difference in warranty revenue reflects the lower cost of the warranty offered by Costco compared to competitors.

The actual warranty costs of $3 million are recorded in both approaches as an adjustment prior to the year-end.

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The correct answer is c. Maturities of its assets with its liabilities and equity.

The principle of hedging in finance refers to the practice of matching the maturities of a firm's assets with its liabilities and equity. By doing so, the firm aims to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates and ensure a more balanced and stable financial position. Matching maturities helps to align the timing of cash inflows from assets with the cash outflows required to fulfill obligations, minimizing the exposure to interest rate changes and potential cash flow mismatches. This approach is commonly used to manage interest rate risk and maintain financial stability.

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New Jersey Corporation's increase in the aggregate transfer price from its manufacturing affiliate in Chile to its sales affiliate in Colombia would result in a decrease in consolidated taxes.

The increase in transfer price from $4,800,000 to $4,400,000 would lead to a decrease in the operating profit of the sales affiliate in Colombia. As a result, the taxable income in Colombia would decrease, leading to a lower corporate income tax liability in the country. However, the manufacturing affiliate in Chile would also experience a decrease in taxable income due to the lower transfer price. This reduction in taxable income would result in a lower corporate income tax liability in Chile as well.

The consolidated taxes would decrease because the decrease in tax liability in Colombia would outweigh the decrease in tax liability in Chile. The tax savings from the reduced tax liability in Colombia would offset the reduction in tax liability in Chile, resulting in an overall reduction in consolidated taxes for New Jersey Corporation.

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Once a project is selected, it is formally authorized using a document referred to as a Project Charter.

A Project Charter is a document that formally authorizes a project and gives the project manager authority to use organizational resources to accomplish the project's goals and objectives. The project charter documents the project's business case, stakeholders, objectives, scope, and deliverables, as well as the project manager's responsibilities and authority.

Project Charter contains the following elements:

Business Case: The purpose or reason for doing the project

Project Scope: The project's deliverables and the work required to produce them.

Project Objectives: The project's goals and how they will be achieved.

Stakeholder List: A list of all individuals and groups that will be affected by the project.

Assumptions: Factors that are considered true without proof or verification.

Risks: Factors that could potentially impact the project negatively.

Constraints: Restrictions that impact how the project is carried out.

Project Manager: The individual responsible for leading the project and managing its execution of the project.

Budget: The project's overall estimated cost.

Approval Requirements: A list of individuals authorized to approve changes to the project's scope, budget, and timeline.

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