describe one of the heuristics or biases that are described in your textbook. next, discuss how affective processing may exacerbate or ameliorate the heuristic or bias. cite at least one source to support your assertion about affective processing and its proposed effect on cognition.

Answer:

A- delusions of reference.

Explanation:

A delusion of reference is the belief that un-related occurrences in the external world have a special significance for the person who is being diagnosed.

When a relationship is failing, individuals tend to attribute positive behavior of their partner to internal causes and negative behavior of their partner to external causes.

This is known as the fundamental attribution error. The fundamental attribution error is a cognitive bias that leads people to overemphasize dispositional explanations for others' behavior and underemphasize situational explanations. This can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunication, and conflict in relationships.The fundamental attribution error is based on the idea that people tend to make snap judgments about others' behavior without considering the situational factors that may have contributed to that behavior.

This can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunication, and conflict in relationships. For example, if your partner is late for a date, you might assume that they are irresponsible or don't care about you. However, you might not consider the fact that they may have been stuck in traffic, had a work emergency, or had a family obligation that delayed them.

The fundamental attribution error can also be seen in the way people view their own behavior. When things go wrong in a relationship, individuals tend to attribute their own negative behavior to external causes, such as stress or fatigue, while attributing their positive behavior to internal causes, such as their own character or personality. This can lead to a lack of accountability and a failure to take responsibility for one's actions, which can further damage the relationship.

Overall, it is important to recognize the fundamental attribution error in relationships and work to overcome it by considering situational factors and avoiding snap judgments. By doing so, individuals can foster healthier relationships based on understanding, communication, and mutual respect.

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A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a syndrome.

A syndrome is a group of symptoms that arise simultaneously and characteristically accompany a particular medical condition, disorder, or disease. It may or may not be a pathological entity.

A syndrome is a sign of underlying health issues. Syndromes are frequently caused by a combination of genetics, environmental factors, and other factors that scientists have yet to fully understand. There are numerous syndromes, some of which have recognizable or subtle physical features that can help diagnose the syndrome. syndromes are sometimes classified based on the underlying cause or group of symptoms.

For instance, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome that develops after a person has been exposed to a life-threatening situation. The symptoms of PTSD include nightmares, flashbacks, emotional numbness, and depression. Thus, a cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a syndrome.

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Piaget's theory is a qualitative theory of cognitive development, which explains what kinds of knowledge are typical of children at different ages, rather than using standardized tests to measure and describe the thought.

Piaget's theory focused on the concept that children progress through four stages of cognitive development, each representing a more advanced and detailed understanding of the environment than the previous stage.

The theory of cognitive development created by Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, who lived from 1896 to 1980, is known as Piaget's theory.  The four stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development include Sensorimotor Stage, Pre-operational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, and Formal Operational Stage.

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Overwhelm is indeed the most common stressor for college students. To begin reducing overwhelm, you can use the following self-management tools: a Next Action List, Tracking Form, 32-Day Commitment, and a calendar.

A Next Action List is a list of all the tasks you need to complete, prioritized according to urgency and importance.

A Tracking Form is used to monitor progress and prioritize tasks that have been identified as important to complete.

A 32-Day Commitment is a plan to commit to doing something for 32 days. This will help build consistency and make it easier to complete tasks that may be overwhelming.

Lastly, a calendar can help you stay organized and on top of tasks.

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The use of data generated by a series of police incident reports to produce a crime analysis report would be an example of how incident reports can be used for the purpose of crime analysis.

A police incident report is a document filed by police officers at the end of each duty shift that records details of a suspect's arrest, crime reported, or other police activities. It is also called the police report, police file, or incident report. An incident report includes the date, time, location, and name of the police officer reporting the incident, details about the alleged crime, and the names, ages, and addresses of any persons involved in the incident.

The primary objective of the police incident report is to accurately and objectively record information about a reported crime. It serves as a record of the incident and as an aid in investigations. A police incident report helps law enforcement authorities to have a better understanding of the crimes in a particular area and to develop strategies to address them.

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The answer to the given question is interest group

A group of like-minded people who come together with collective interests to influence policy is referred to as an interest group.Interest groups refer to organizations formed by like-minded people who come together with a shared interest in advocating for or against particular policies, programs, or laws.

These organizations work to influence public policy by lobbying lawmakers or participating in the electoral process in various ways, such as contributing money to candidates who support their positions or encouraging people to vote.

Interest groups can be classified into two categories based on their nature and objectives: public interest groups and private interest groups.Public interest groups work for the benefit of the general public, whereas private interest groups represent the interests of particular individuals or businesses.

Public interest groups can include organizations advocating for environmental protection, civil rights, and consumer protection, while private interest groups can include trade associations and professional organizations representing specific industries or professions.

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The area described is the Colorado Plateau, located in the southwestern United States. The Grand Canyon is one of the most remarkable features of this region, which is characterized by large expanses of desert, as well as canyons, mesas, and buttes.

What is the Southwest region of the United States?

The Southwest region is a geographic and cultural region that covers the southwestern portion of the United States, which is composed of the states of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

The region is known for its arid climate, which is characterized by large expanses of desert and has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, mesas, canyons, and buttes. The Grand Canyon is one of the most prominent features of the Southwest region, which is located in the state of Arizona.

It is a steep-sided canyon that was carved by the Colorado River over millions of years, and it is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. The canyon is about 277 miles long and up to 18 miles wide, and it is an extremely popular destination for tourists from around the world.

In summary, the Grand Canyon is located in the Southwest region of the United States, which is characterized by large expanses of desert as well as canyons, mesas, and buttes.

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The Sociological approach treats laws as being actively constructed by judges as serving social policy goals, whereas the Natural Law treats laws as evolved to reflect the principles found in nature.

What is Sociological approach? The sociological approach is an analytical framework that examines the impact of social structures, social forces, and social institutions on human behavior. Sociology, in general, considers society as an important context for the understanding of human behavior.Sociology is a field of study concerned with the scientific investigation of human social behavior, patterns, and relationships. It aims to explain how social and cultural factors influence the behavior of individuals, groups, and societies at large.What is Natural Law?Natural law is a moral and ethical philosophy that posits the existence of a universal set of moral principles, which can be discovered through reason and observation. These principles are seen as inherent in the natural world, and they are often contrasted with man-made laws or codes of conduct that may or may not be in accordance with these universal principles. The natural law is often seen as a standard against which human laws and customs can be judged, and it has been influential in a variety of fields, including theology, philosophy, and political science.

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Workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors and less likely to exhibit counterproductive behaviors.

Prosocial behavior refers to actions that benefit others, such as sharing, helping, and cooperating, and are intended to benefit others rather than oneself. Furthermore, prosocial actions are characterized by emotions like empathy and compassion. People who exhibit prosocial behavior care for others and place the interests of others ahead of their own.

Counterproductive work behavior refers to a wide range of acts that undermine the goals of the company. The conduct of an employee or group of workers that are against the goals of a company may be referred to as counterproductive work behavior. Counterproductive work behavior causes harm to an organization in both tangible and intangible ways. These behaviors are those that oppose the organization's objectives and decrease overall effectiveness and efficiency.

Therefore, workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors and less likely to exhibit counterproductive behaviors.

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The European Patent Convention (EPC) is a multi-country agreement that has established a regional patent system that allows any nationality to file a single international application for a European patent.

What is a Multilateral agreement?

A multilateral agreement is a treaty that is signed by many countries at the same time. The purpose of the multi-country agreement is to establish an arrangement between many countries on issues of mutual interest. Many types of multi-country agreements exist, including trade agreements, free trade agreements, and mutual defence agreements. The European Patent Convention is a multi-country agreement that has established a regional patent system that allows any nationality to file a single international application for a European patent.

The correct option is E.

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The best explanation for why Georgia's capital moved throughout history is that it was moved to ensure it remained in the geographic center of the state.

The capital was moved to ensure it remains near the center of the state's population. In the early years of Georgia's history, the capital was located near the coast of Savannah. As the population of the state shifted westward, the capital was moved to Augusta, then to Milledgeville, and finally to its current location in Atlanta. By moving the capital, Georgia's leaders could ensure that the state's government was accessible to as many citizens as possible.

It is also possible that other factors played a role in the decision to move the capital, such as concerns about Indian attacks or a desire to give each region of Georgia the opportunity to be the capital of the state. However, the primary reason for the capital's movement was likely its proximity to the state's population center.

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Having the same moon sign as your partner suggests that you both share similar emotional needs, instincts, and reactions. This could create an intuitive understanding of each other's emotional states, leading to a deeper emotional connection.

The emotional makeup, innate characteristics, and unconscious tendencies of a person are represented by their moon sign. It is determined using the moon's position at the time and place of their birth. It is thought that a person's emotional reactions, inner feelings, and behaviours are influenced by their moon sign. It also represents their emotional expression and their method of nurturing and caring for others as well as themselves. A deeper emotional connection and understanding may result from people with the same moon sign having comparable emotional inclinations and patterns. To fully comprehend a person's personality and life experiences, it's crucial to keep in mind that the moon sign is only one element of their astrological chart and should be taken into account in conjunction with other planetary positions.

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The Iran-Contra Affair was a political scandal in the United States in the late 1980s. It began when the Reagan administration secretly sold weapons to Iran, which was in the midst of the Iran-Iraq War.

The Iran-Contra affair occurred during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. It was a political scandal that occurred in the United States from 1985 to 1986. The Iran-Contra affair happened due to the United States’ illegal arms deals with Iran and the secret funding of the Contras in Nicaragua in violation of U.S. law. The Contra rebels were a group of U.S.-backed rebels that were fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. The United States had provided the Contras with weapons and other aid. However, the U.S. Congress had banned any U.S.

government agency from supporting the Contras due to human rights abuses committed by them. The Iranian Revolution, led by Ayatollah Khomeini, occurred in 1979. The new Iranian government was hostile to the United States, and the U.S. government responded by imposing economic sanctions on Iran. In 1985, President Reagan authorized a secret sale of weapons to Iran to help fund the Contras. The proceeds of the arms sale were to be used to support the Contras in Nicaragua, which the U.S. Congress had banned funding for. The money from the arms sale was used to fund the Contras. In 1986, the U.S. government discovered the secret arms sales to Iran.

It was also discovered that the proceeds from the arms sales were being used to fund the Contras in Nicaragua, which was a violation of U.S. law. This led to an investigation by the U.S. Congress and a special prosecutor. Several government officials were indicted and convicted, and President Reagan's administration was damaged by the scandal. In conclusion, the Iran-Contra scandal occurred due to the illegal arms sales to Iran and the secret funding of the Contras in Nicaragua in violation of U.S. law. It was a major political scandal that led to the conviction of several government officials and damaged President Reagan's administration.

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Automated insertion of clinical data using templates or similar tools with predetermined components using uncontrolled and uncertain clinical relevance is an example of a potential breach of patient confidentiality.

A template is a document or file that contains predefined settings, configuration, or layout. However, the use of templates can lead to unintended consequences, such as the inappropriate handling of sensitive data, such as patient information.

This type of breach is considered a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Automated insertion of clinical data using templates or similar tools with predetermined components using uncontrolled and uncertain clinical relevance is an example of a potential breach of patient confidentiality.

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In addition to obtaining a 50% or more achievement rating in any four subjects from the recognized 20-credit subject list, two other criteria that are required in order to be considered for bachelor degree studies are:

Meeting the minimum requirements for admission set by the higher education institution. Each institution may have its own specific requirements, such as a minimum overall average or specific grades in certain subjects.

Meeting the language proficiency requirements, which may include proficiency in the language of instruction (e.g. English), as well as any additional language requirements that may be necessary for the particular degree program or institution. This may be demonstrated through standardized language proficiency tests or other means of assessment.

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Costs formerly viewed as fixed under traditional-costing systems may now be considered variable with respect to changes in cost drivers such as number of setups, number of material moves, and so forth is true.

The concept of break-even analysis loses meaning as compared with the results obtained under a traditional-costing system. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is an accounting method that allocates costs based on the activities performed by a company.

It seeks to provide a more accurate cost accounting system that links costs to the activities that cause them, thereby providing more precise cost data to decision-makers.

The implementation of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and ABC provides a company with a number of advantages, such as reduced costs, higher efficiency, and greater competitiveness.

However, certain drawbacks must also be considered. II. Costs formerly viewed as fixed under traditional-costing systems may now be considered variable with respect to changes in cost drivers such as number of setups, number of material moves, and so forth.

The allocation of costs based on activities rather than products is the primary distinction between traditional cost accounting and ABC. As a result, some costs that were previously viewed as fixed can now be considered variable with respect to changes in cost drivers such as the number of setups, the number of material moves, and so forth.

By identifying activities that consume resources, ABC can help a company to better understand its cost structure and allocate overhead costs more accurately.

III. As compared with the results obtained under a traditional-costing system, the concept of break-even analysis loses meaning. Break-even analysis is a technique used to determine the level of sales required to cover all of a company's costs.

The break-even point is the level of sales at which the company's total revenues equal its total costs. It is usually calculated by dividing the company's fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit of output.

However, because ABC allocates overhead costs differently than traditional cost accounting, the break-even point can be difficult to calculate. As a result, the concept of break-even analysis may lose some of its meaning when ABC is implemented.

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The schedule of reinforcement known as a fixed ratio schedule produces a reinforcer once a predetermined, constant number of replies have been completed.

According to ratio schedules, reinforcement must be given following an average number of answers. A fixed ratio schedule is one that generates a reinforcer by using a fixed or unchanging number of answers. The number of times a behavior is completed is what determines how many times the subject will receive a reward.

It belongs to one of the four partial reinforcement schedules that B.F. Skinner, the inventor of operant conditioning, recognised (which uses reinforcements and punishments to promote conscious behaviour one way or another). Reward cards, where you receive a reward after making a purchase a specific number of times, such as obtaining a free coffee after 9 coffee purchases, are an example of a set ratio reinforcement schedule.

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The dimensions of organizational climate are autonomy, support, structure, responsibility, recognition, conflict, identity, communication, innovation, and equity.

Organizational climate refers to the overall atmosphere or environment within an organization, which is influenced by a variety of factors such as leadership style, communication patterns, reward systems, and organizational structure.

There are several dimensions that are commonly used to describe organizational climate, including:

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c. Developing insight into how early experiences affected current aspects of a client's life and analysis of transference are not exclusive to psychoanalytic techniques.

A type of talk therapy known as psychoanalytic therapy concentrates on the unconscious mind and how it affects one's behaviour, thoughts, and emotions.When a patient speaks freely and spontaneously during psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist can acquire insight into the patient's unconscious ideas and feelings by using the free association technique.The therapist interprets a patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviours by giving them context and insight.When a patient projects their feelings and attitudes onto the therapist during psychoanalytic therapy, the analysis of transference is another tool utilised to gain understanding of the patient's prior relationships and experiences.

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Theory in criminology refers to efforts to explain or understand crime causation is a true statement.

Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behaviour. It is a subfield of sociology that examines various aspects of crime and the social and psychological factors that influence it. Criminologists investigate why individuals commit crimes, the social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to crime, and the legal and policy responses to crime.

Criminology theories are attempts to explain why people engage in criminal behaviour. Criminologists have developed a variety of theories to explain why people commit crimes, including biological, psychological, and sociological theories.

Each theory has its own assumptions and propositions that attempt to describe the causes of crime. These theories can be used to develop effective policies and interventions to reduce criminal activity.

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The Ottoman Empire played a significant role in global trade, particularly in the areas of spices, textiles, and ceramics, as it controlled key trade routes between Asia and Europe.

The Ottoman Empire was a major player in global trade, particularly in the early modern period. As a vast and powerful empire that spanned Europe, Asia, and Africa, it controlled key trade routes and acted as a hub for the exchange of goods and ideas between East and West.One of the most important impacts of the Ottoman Empire on global trade was in the area of spices. Ottoman control over the Mediterranean and Red Sea made it a crucial intermediary in the spice trade between Europe and Asia, allowing it to profit from the lucrative spice trade.In addition to spices, the Ottomans also traded textiles and ceramics, which were highly sought after in Europe. Ottoman textiles were known for their intricate designs and high quality, and were exported to markets throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.The Ottoman Empire's impact on global trade was not limited to the exchange of goods. It also had a significant impact on the cultural and intellectual exchange that occurred during this period.

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Michael Porter's diamond model Theory of National Competitiveness sought to explain the factors that lead a country to have a competitive advantage over other countries in a certain product or products. The answer is option c.

The Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage is an economic theory that was proposed by Michael Porter in 1990. This theory explains why particular industries or regions of the world become more competitive and successful than others. The diamond model includes four factors that influence the competitive advantage of a country: factor conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, and demand conditions.

The four elements of the Diamond Model are explained below:

Factor conditions: The first factor, factor conditions, refers to the inputs needed to produce a product or service. It includes natural resources, labor, capital, and infrastructure.

Related and supporting industries: The second factor, related and supporting industries, refers to the presence of a strong supply chain that supports the main industry.

Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry: The third factor, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, refers to the way in which a company is structured and managed, as well as the level of competition in the market.

Demand conditions: The fourth factor, demand conditions, refers to the size and quality of the market for a particular product or service.

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Answer:

Yest, It's answer is True

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The database file that is not available from NCIC is the "Unlocated suspect file", as stated in option A of the question.

The NCIC (National Crime Information Center) is a database maintained by the FBI that is accessible to law enforcement agencies in the US. It contains information about wanted persons, stolen vehicles, missing persons, and other criminal activity-related information. The Wanted person file, Stolen boat file, and Terrorist file are all database files available from NCIC, but the Unlocated suspect file is not.

The NCIC is an important tool for law enforcement in solving crimes and keeping communities safe. The NCIC database is constantly updated and maintained to ensure accuracy and completeness. Access to the NCIC database is strictly controlled to prevent misuse and protect the privacy of individuals whose information is stored in the system.

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The option that is likely to characterize the friendship of Alex and Tony, as compared to middle-class friendships is that their friendship has lasted longer.

Alex and Tony are two working-class high school friends who live in the same neighborhood. The friendship between them will likely last longer compared to middle-class friendships. Working-class friendship tends to be more rooted in the shared experience of working-class life, with higher levels of trust and cooperation. However, middle-class friendship tends to be more limited to social activities like shopping, attending concerts, or dinner parties, leading to less intimate friendships. Therefore, the correct option among the given alternatives is option a) Their friendship has lasted longer, which is most likely to characterize the friendship of Alex and Tony, as compared to middle-class friendships.

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In criminal law, a suspect is a person who has been seen committing a crime or against whom there is enough evidence to indicate that they may have committed the crime.

A suspect is someone who has not yet been proven guilty but is being investigated for their involvement in a criminal case.

The suspect is usually interrogated by law enforcement officers or detectives to gather more information about the crime and to collect evidence to prove their guilt or innocence.

Once the investigation is completed, the suspect may be charged with a crime and brought to trial.

During the trial, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the suspect committed the crime in order to obtain a conviction.

If found guilty, the suspect may face a range of penalties depending on the severity of the crime committed.

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Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their desire for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in society.

What is the expected order in society?

The expected order in society is where one puts their safety above their own desire for love and belongingness. This means that one does not prioritize love and belongingness over their safety because they understand that their safety is important to their overall well-being.

However, in books and movies, authors and screenwriters create characters that are willing to put their own lives in danger for the sake of love and belongingness. In other words, books and movies can often depict characters that behave in ways that society would not expect or condone in the real world.

This is what makes these books and movies so surprising and intriguing to people because they offer a glimpse into a world where people are willing to risk everything for love and belongingness. Therefore, this is in contrast to the expected order in society.

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A judicial waiver is used when the offense has been automatically waived to the adult court but the judge uses their discretion to decide whether the youth will benefit from rehabilitation.

Although a large number of juvenile cases are dealt with either formally or informally by the system for juvenile offenders, some are dealt with through a procedure known as a judicial waiver and are dealt with by the adult criminal court system.

A judicial waiver is the process through which a juvenile court judge relinquishes control of a case and rather refers it to a criminal court for resolution.

A judicial waiver generally happens in cases involving violent acts, but even in these situations, it is uncommon. In 2018, one percent of juvenile court petitioned matters were transferred to the criminal justice system.

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Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that when you cannot find sufficient external justification for your actions, you will attempt to find internal justification, which can lead to attitude change.

Cognitive dissonance theory is a theory in social psychology that proposes that an individual's psychological discomfort increases as a result of holding two or more contradictory opinions, values, or actions, and that they will try to alleviate this discomfort in a variety of ways.

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that when you cannot find sufficient external justification for your actions, you will attempt to find internal justification, which can lead to attitude change. When people engage in behavior that is opposed to their values or self-concept, cognitive dissonance theory is the most common explanation for why they change their attitudes to match their actions.

The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that individuals strive to minimize the dissonance between two or more of their beliefs or between their beliefs and their behavior. This is done by altering one's beliefs, attitudes, or behavior or by looking for new information that would support one of the dissonant beliefs.

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