Answer:
c.An offspring can receive different alleles or the same alleles from each parent.
e.Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Explanation:
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4 Spheres Observation (Bio, Geo, Atmo, Hydro) : What did you see that represents each? How did they interact with each other? and pls be specific in ur answer, and pls no links!
Answer:
The spheres interact to effect Earth’s systems and processes, and they are constantly changing each other.
For example, ocean currents (hydrosphere) affect air temperature (atmosphere): The Gulf Stream is a powerful water current in the Atlantic Ocean. It’s warm water moderates the temperatures on the east coast of the USA.
Another example of how the spheres affect each other is through erosion. Erosion happens in the desert when wind (atmosphere) shapes the sand in the geosphere. Water (hydrosphere) can also shape land, such as in the formation of the Grand Canyon.
Humans have a huge impact on all spheres. Negative impacts, such as burning fossil fuels, pollute the atmosphere. Piling up our waste in landfills affects the geosphere. Pumping waste into the oceans harms the hydrosphere. And overfishing and habitat destruction can reduce the diversity of living things in the biosphere.
However, people everywhere are working to change things. Recycling efforts are increasing all over the world, and companies are finding new ways to reduce fossil fuels. In the US alone, people are recycling six times more than a generation ago.
Environment: Polluted Forest Moths Released G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Typica 125 88 83 76 29 Carbonaria 510 735 885 1042 1406 Total 635 823 968 1118 1435 Phenotype Frequency Color Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Typica Light 9 Carbonaria Dark Allele Frequency Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency q d p D Genotype Frequency Moths Genotype Color Moths Released Initial Frequency Frequency G5 Number of Moths G5 q2 Typica dd Light 2pq Carbonaria Dd Dark p2 Carbonaria DD Dark
The recessive allele frequency decreased (q = 0.14) and the dominant one increased (p = 0.86). Genotypic frequencies followed this tendency too (q² =0.02, 2pq = 0.24 and p² = 0.74). The Carbonaria phenotype increased to 0.98, while Typica showed a frequency of 0.02.
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Available data:
Some moths were released in the forest (N=1000). 250 were white, and 750 were black.
The color is defined by a single diallelic gene. The dominant allele -D- codes for black color (carbonaria), while the recessive allele -d- codes for white (Typica).
These individuals produced five new generations since they were released, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5.
Moths realesed G1 G2 G3 G4 G5
Typica 250 125 88 83 76 29
Carbonaria 750 510 735 885 1042 1406
Total 1000 635 823 968 1118 1435
Phenotype frequencies
Color Initial Frequency G5 Frequency
Typica white 0.25
Carbonaria Black 0.75
Allele Frequencies
Allele Initial Allele Frequency G5 Allele Frequency
q d 0.5
p D 0.5
Genotype Frequency
Moths Genotype Color Released Initi.Freq. G5 Freq. Nº F5 moths
q² Typica dd White 250 0.25
2pq Carbon. Dd Black 500 0.50
p² Carbon. DD Black 250 0.25
This information is guiding you to know how to calculate frequencies and total numbers. Information about released individuals is an example of how you need to proceed.
Firts, we will assume that this population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. So let us review some theoretical framework.
The allelic frequencies in a locus ⇒ p and q ⇒ dominant and
recessive alleles.
The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us dominant), 2pq (Heterozyg0us), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive).
If a populations is in H-W equilibrium, it will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation.
The sum of allelic frequencies equals 1 ⇒ p + q = 1. The sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1 ⇒ p² + 2pq + q² = 1Now let us analyze the problem.
We need to get information on G5 generation. We will do it step by step.
1) Phenotype frequencies
To get the Phenotype frequencies, we just need to divide the number of individuals with each phenotype by the total number of individuals in this generation. So,
Total number of individuals in G5 → 1435 White = Typica = 29 individuals Black = Carbonaria = 1406 individuals
⇒ F(Typica) = 29 / 1435 = 0.02
⇒ F(Carbonaria) = 1406 / 1435 = 0.979 ≅ 0.98
2) Allelic Frequencies
We can use the phenotypic frequencies to get the allelic frequencies.
Remember that carbonaria (black) moths include h0m0zyg0us dominant (DD) and heter0zyg0us (Dd) individuals. So we can not get the allelic frequencies from this data.
We can only use the allelic frequency of Typica (White) individuals. Typica phenotypic frequency only includes h0m0zyg0us recessive individuals, dd.
We know that,
H0m0zyg0us recessive genotype → dd
Genotypic frequency → F(dd) → Represented as q²
F(Typica) = F(dd) = q² = 0.02
Recessive allele → d
Recessive allelic frequency → f(d) → Represented as q
f(d) = q = ??
q² = 0.02
q = √ 0.02
q = 0.1414 ≅ 0.14
0.14 is the recessive allelic frequency. Now we should calculate the dominant allelic frequency. To do this, we will clear the following formula,
p + q = 1
p + 0.14 = 1
p = 1 - 0.14
p = 0.86
So, now we also know that
⇒ f(D) = p = 0.86
⇒ f(d) = q = 0.14
3) Genotypic Frequencies
Now, we need to get the genotypic frequencies, F(xx)
⇒ F(DD) = p² = 0.86² = 0.7396 ≅ 0.74
⇒ F(Dd) = 2pq = 2 x 0.86 x 0.14 = 0.24
⇒ F(dd) = q² = 0.14² = 0.0196 ≅ 0.02
4) Number of individuals
Finally, we need to tell the number of individuals with each genotype. We just need to multiply each frequency by the total number of individuals in G5.
F(DD) = p² = 0.74
F(Dd) = 2pq = 0.24
F(dd) = q² = 0.02
Total number of individuals = 1435
⇒ DD Black -Carbonaria- individuals → 0.74 x 1435 = 1,061.9 ≅ 1062
⇒ Dd Black -Carbonaria- individuals → 0.24 x 1435 = 344.4 ≅ 344
⇒ dd White -Typica- individuals → 0.02 x 1435 = 28.7 ≅ 29
From this results, we can conclude that the moths population is not in H-W equilibrium, because their allelic and genotypic frequencies changed through generations.
It seems that Natural selection is favoring the dominant phenotype by increasing the frequency of the dominant allele over the recessive one. Probably directional selection is acting on this population.
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Oceans are being threatened daily by human activities which of the following best describes one way oceans are being impacted?
Which two processes will help this hatchling turtle grow into an adult?
A, Cell division that includes mitosis
AD
B. Cell growth caused by taking in nutrients
c. Cell growth caused by fertilization
D. Cell division that includes meiosis
Answer:
A. Cell division that includes meiosis and B. Cell growth caused by taking in nutrients
Explanation: DOING THE QUIZ NOW
Share three ways you would take to reduce water pollution.
What does the narrator notice outside the house before he goes in?
a fissure or crack in the wall
a dead bird in a tree
curtains twitching
an alligator in the moat
3. In the context of the article, how are we changed by war? Cite evidence from this text, your own experience, and other literature, art, or history in your answer
please help
Answer:
She wrote letters and diaries by talking about the war.
Human cells have _____ sets of DNA in each cell.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 8
Answer:
See answer below.
Answer is verified.
Explanation:
Human cells have two sets of DNA in each cell.
And a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell.
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Human cells have two sets of DNA in each cell. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is DNA?DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is considered the genetic material of most organisms. It consists of base pairs like adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
Human cells have two sets of DNA in each cell, one came from the paternal side while the other came from the maternal side.
Therefore, it is well described above.
To learn more about DNA, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/16099437
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please answer thiis lol?
Answer:
b to a
Explanation:
since cells in membranes move from high to low concentration (diffusion). b has more molecules, so it will go into a.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of lakes? A) deeper than ponds B) lack of waves C) found in mountainous regions D) larger than ponds E) fed by rivers
Answer: E - Fed by rivers
Define: Heterogeneous Distribution, Modularity and Nestedness.
Explanation:
Nestedness is another computational approach that provides a description of groups of webs..
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Answer:
Heterogeneous Distribution, ModularityHeterogeneity in statistics means that your populations, samples or results are different. It is the opposite of homogeneity, which means that the population/data/results are the same. ... For example, if everyone in your group varied between 4'3″ and 7'6″ tall, they would be heterogeneous for height.Explanation:
please brainlies me if you carry please #carry on learningTrue or False: A positive ion and a negative ion will repel each other.
Answer:
FALSE is correct
Explanation: Questions protected!
Lichens are not single organisms, but algae and fungi that function together. The algae use photosynthesis to make food for both organisms. The fungi produce digestive chemicals and absorb nutrients for both organisms.
How does the biological activity of lichens cause weathering in rocks?
Answer options with 4 options
A.
Lichens cause friction as they grow, which weathers the rocks.
B.
Lichens produce chemicals, which dissolve and weather the rocks.
C.
Lichens take in water, which freezes in cracks and weathers the rocks.
D.
Lichens absorb heat during photosynthesis, which weathers the rocks.
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Lichens produce chemicals which dissolve and weather rocks
Which layer in the blood vessel is composed of smooth muscle, allowing it to dilate or constrict?
Tunica intima
*Tunica media
Tunica externa
Endothelium
Answer:
b. Tunica media
Explanation:is correct
Answer:
B. Tunica media
Explanation:
What is the phase shown below?
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Answer:
Telophase
Explanation:
What is conditioning?
Answer:
conditioning, in physiology, a behavioral process whereby a response becomes more frequent or more predictable in a given environment as a result of reinforcement, with reinforcement typically being a stimulus or reward for a desired response.
Explanation:
What is the role of knowing the Earth's history to mankind?
Answer:
Earth history enables us to understand those changes which no human being has ever seen (or if they have, they didn't record it) and to relate them to modern changes. Such events include: The rise and extinction of the dinosaurs. The formation of the Grand Canyon.
Explanation:
Answer:
Earth history enables us to understand those changes which no human being has ever seen (or if they have, they didn't record it) and to relate them to modern changes. Such events include: The rise and extinction of the dinosaurs. The formation of the Grand Canyon.
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Why do cells become specialized in the human body?
Answer:
They can become any type of cell in the body.
Explanation:
They can transport molecules, metabolize nutrients, and reproduce within this one cell. ... Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions. Specialized Cells in the Human Body. Multicellular organisms begin as just one single cell—a fertilized egg.
Articulations are classified by their function or structure. Which of the following is an example of functional classification?
Answer:
d. Synarthrotic joints
Explanation: is correct for the choices offered.
In the diagram of the human digestive system, what organ is labelled 5?
Answer:
The large intestine
Explanation:
The large intestine is a long, tube-like organ connected to both the small intestine and the anus. In an anatomy drawing, it looks almost as if it is wrapped around the small intestine.
As we can see in the drawing, the organ labelled with 5 is wrapped around another organ which is smaller and looks longer. This smaller organ is the small intestine. Since we know that the large intestine wraps around the small intestine, we can infer that the organ is the large intestine.
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The enzyme found in stem cells and cancer cells that allows these cells to never enter replicative senescence is:
Answer:
Telomerase is found in high levels in germline cells (egg and sperm) and stem cells. In these cells telomere length is maintained after DNA replication and the cells do not show signs of ageing.
Why is organic fertilizer is better than inorganic fertilizer? Pls pls pls answer I really need it
Answer:
organic fertilizer can cause less harm to the plant & environment as it isn't toxic (completely natural) as opposing to fertilizers, which is filled with toxic chemicals.
Many scientists consider genetic engineering to be simply an efficient method of selective breeding. Is it?
easy one - giving brainly if correct.
Answer:
ur answer A is correct i think-
Explanation:
how are respiration and photosynthesis related to one another
How is Wallace's view scientific
which organelle could be used to distinguish between a plant cell and an animal cell?
Answer:
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
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Answer:
The answer is C, from hydrosphere to atmosphere
Answer:
C
Explanation:
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The active ingredient in which of the following drugs mimics a natural neurotransmitter?
Answer:
b. marijuana is correct
Explanation:
True or False: Tetanus can make breathing difficult.
Answer:
True is correct on edg
Explanation:
