difference between ionic and covalent bond with examples

Na₂SO₄ contains 1.90834 X 10²⁴ molecules or formula units in a 450 gram sample.

Formula unit- The chemical formula of an ionic compound that lists the ions in the smallest ratio that corresponds to a neutral electrical charge is known as a formula unit. Chemical formulae are used to describe the constituent parts of a compound in chemistry.

Na₂SO₄ molecular mass is 23x2+ 32+ 16X4.

= 142g/mol

Na₂SO₄ mass = 450g

Na₂SO₄ moles are equal to mass/molar mass.

450g/142g/mol = 3.170 mol.

6.02 X 10²³ mol is the Avogadro's number.

formula unit= moles * Avogadro's number

⇒3.17 X 6.02 X 10²³ molecules= 1.90834 X 10²⁴  

Na₂SO₄ therefore contains 1.90834 X 10²⁴ molecules or formula units..

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An unbalanced chemical equation contains an unequal number of atoms on both sides of the equation. No chemical changes will occur with unbalanced chemical equations.

Therefore, results cannot be obtained from unbalanced chemical equations.

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Cations are formed through lose of electrons and thus, possess positive charge. Cations has smaller ionic radius than the neutral atom, because, they have are fewer  electrons and thus experience more nuclear attractive pull.

Cations are charged particles or ions formed by the lose of electrons from the neutral atom. Atoms acquires positive charge when they lose electrons and acquire negative charge by gaining electrons  and the negative ions are called anions.

For example, Na metal loses one electrons to form the cation Na+. Similarly Mg loses two electrons, to form Mg²⁺  ion. When these atoms loses electrons, the outermost shell can be emptied and the atomic radius shrinks to the penultimate shell.

Similarly, as the number of electrons reduces, the screening of electron from neighboring electrons reduces results in greater nuclear attractive pull and thereby the atomic radius shrinks to smaller than the neutral atom.

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The enthalpy for 1 mole of NO2 is -304.1 KJ/mol

What is enthalpy?
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of the its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently used in measurements of chemical, biological, as well as physical systems at constant pressure, which the sizable surrounding atmosphere conveniently provides. The pressure-volume term describes the effort needed to create space for the system by displacing it's own surroundings in order to determine its physical dimensions.

Calculate of enthalpy is like :-

NO(g)+O3(g), NO2(g)+O2(g), and H=198.9kJ/mol.............. (i)

O3 (g), 2O3 (g), O2 (g), and H=142.3 kJ/mol

2 3 O 2 (g), O 3 (g), with a given heat capacity of 142.3 kJ/mol................ (ii)

O 2 (g), 2O (g), O 2 (g), H= 495.0 kJ/mol O (g), and so on.

H=2 495.0 kJ/mol for 2 1 O 2 (g)..................... (iii)

NO(g)+O(g)+NO 2 (g); H=(198.9+142.3 2 495.0 )kJ/mol

when I (ii), and (iii) are added.

ΔH=−304.1kJ/mol

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The statement that best describes an environmental concern with using offshore drilling to obtain oil is that Offshore drilling can lead to contamination which threatens the organisms that live there. That is option D.

Offshore drilling is defined as one of the industrial method that is used for the extraction of oil from the seabed through method of drilling.

The disadvantages of offshore drilling include the following:

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Answer: B, 57.1%

Explanation: 400 divided by 700 = .571 (roughly), which is 57.1%

Because of the largely minor difference in electronegativity, the covalent bond is also referred to as nonpolar.

Any covalent bond involving atoms of various elements is polar, albeit the level of polarity varies considerably.While certain relationships between various elements are substantially polar, others are merely mildly polar.Because electrons are transferred rather than shared, ionic bonds can be thought of as having the highest degree of polarity.

One or even more electrons are transferred from an atom of the a metallic electrophilic element to the an atom of a quasi electron - deficient element, resulting in the formation of ionic compounds.When the two atoms in a compound have an uneven distribution of electrons, the compound is said to be polar covalent.

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Answer:

2.23 M

Explanation:

Molarity is given as moles of solute per liter of solution ([tex]\frac{mol}{L}[/tex])

To solve this problem, the molecular weight (M.W.) of sucrose ([tex]C_1_2H_2_2O_1_1[/tex]) must be calculated:

C: 12.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

H: 1.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

O: 16.00 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

Total M.W.= 12(12.01[tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex])+22(1.01[tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex])+11(16.00[tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex])=342.34[tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

Moles of sucrose can be found through dimensional analysis:

[tex]156.5g(\frac{1mol}{342.34g})=0.457mol[/tex]

Molarity can be found with:

[tex]Molarity=\frac{0.457mol}{0.205L}\\Molarity=2.23M[/tex]

The change in internal energy of the system (in cal), given it conducts 270 cal of heat to the surroundings while delivering 227 cal of work is -497 cal

Change in internal energy is related to work and heat energy according to the following equation:

ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW

Where

Applying the above formula, we can determine the change in the internal energy of the system as follow:

ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW

ΔU = -270 - 227

ΔU = -497 cal

Thus, the change in the internal energy is -497 cal

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The mass of magnesium that reacted with oxygen as determined from the  moles of reactants is is 0.01 g.

The number of moles of oxygen that took part in the reaction with magnesium metal is determined from the volume of oxygen that reacted with the magnesium metal.

The volume of oxygen that reacted with magnesium metal is determined as follows:

The volume of air that reacted with magnesium metal = initial volume - final volume

The volume of air that reacted with magnesium metal = 300 mL - 254 mL

Volume of air = 46 ml

Volume of oxygen in the air = 46 * 20.95%

Volume of oxygen in the air = 9.64 mL

Moles of oxygen = 9.64 * 1 mol/22400 mL

Moles of oxygen = 0.00043 moles

Moles of oxygen = moles of Mg

Moles of Mg = 0.00043

Mass of Mg = 0.00043 moles * 24 g/mol

Mass of Mg = 0.01 g

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Postmodernism revives the obsession with the outside and the creation of new worlds while modernist focuses on the psychological and interior. To challenge established literary conventions.

Postmodernism employs pastiche, black humour, and parody. Someone who supports studying contemporary topics above old classics is someone who adheres to or appreciates modern ways, habits, etc. Postmodernism is an intellectual position or mode of discourse characterised by an attitude of scepticism toward the "grand narratives" connected to modernist, opposition to ideas of epistemic certainty or the stability of meaning, and emphasis on the function of ideology in upholding systems of socio-political power. Kant's "Copernican revolution, " which is the first example of the philosophical modernity at issue in modernist.

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The 10 kg mass have to balance the lever at 1 meter.

What is torque?

The torque is the propensity of a force to cause the rotation of a rigid body. The angle between the force's line of action and the rotational axis is equal to the product of the force and the moment arm.

The point of support serves as the "fulcrum." It is situated at the rotational axis in this instance. The 20 kg load on the left is creating a torque that is attempting to counterclockwise rotate the lever .According to the right hand rule, this torque is positive. A torque created by the 10 kg mass to the right is attempting to rotate the  in a clockwise direction. This torque is adverse. In either scenario, the torque's magnitude is equal to the mass's weight (m*g) times its moment arm (distance to the fulcrum, d)

Torque = mass *distance

m1d1 = m2d2

20*0.5 = 10* d2

d2 = 1

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Answer:

Explanation: The volume of hydrogen gas collected over water is 2.13 L

To identify the hazardous materials in the dc there are the Hazardous waste branch to protect human health and the environment .

The Hazardous Waste Branch protects human health and the environment from the hazards of mismanaged waste, helps reduce the amount of waste generated, and ensures that generated wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner. Facilities that generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste, universal waste, or used oil are regulated to ensure proper management of these waste from the moment it is generated until its ultimate disposal or destruction. The labels of hazardous chemicals usually contain the words 'danger' or 'warning', along with relevant pictograms and details of hazards.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

There's a law (very important) in chemistry.

The conservation of mass law states:

The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed

The reactants are on the left side of the equation, or the things that get added together to make new products.

Due to this law, there must be the same amount of each atom on both the product, and reactant side.

Thus, your answer would be 'B' as there is the same amount of both types of atoms.

The metals and the metalloids are same as they share some of the properties.

The metalloids are those which share some of the properties of the metals and some of the properties of the non metals. metalloids share some properties of metals like metalloids are lusters. metalloids are located in the p block. metalloids are electrically good as metals.

The metalloids are semiconductor . metalloids are also called as semimetals. metalloids are boron , silicon, germanium , arsenic, antimony. metalloids are soli at room temperature. metalloids also posses some of the properties of the non metals. the properties of metalloids lies in between the metals and the non metals.

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To convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.8 (or 9/5) and add 32.

F= 9/5 C + 32 gives the Fahrenheit temperature for a Celsius temperature of C degrees. Gwen recorded a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius is °C = 5/9(°F - 32). The temperature in Fahrenheit can be easily converted to Celsius using the Fahrenheit to Celsius formula (F to C formula). Make a Python program that converts temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit. Take the user's input. celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in degrees Celsius: " fahrenheit = (celsius * 1.8) + 32 print(str(celsius)+ " A degree Celsius equals " + str(fahrenheit)+ " a degree Fahrenheit. ")

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Answer: A0. °F = (9/5 × °C) +32

Explanation:

The name of the following compounds is methylene, methyl, hexane hex-3-ene, octane, pent-1-ene propan-1-ene, propyne, Propane respectively.

What is molecular compound?

Molecular compounds are inorganic compounds that take the form of discrete molecules. Examples include such familiar substances as H2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) . These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl). Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms lose one or more of their electrons to non-metal atoms. The resulting cations and anions are electrostatically attracted to each other.

So, what holds the atoms of a molecules together?

Rather than forming ions, the atoms of a molecule share their electrons such that the way that a bond forms between a pair of atoms. In a carbon dioxide molecule, there are two of these bonds, each occurring between the carbon atom and one of the two oxygen atoms.

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Law of conservation of mass is important for chemical reaction because it helps us to determine the rearrangements done in the chemical reaction.

The law of conservation of matter and the law of conservation of energy, essentially states that neither any type of energy can be created nor destroyed during the process, only states of matter can be transformed.

Law of conservation of matter helps us in analyzing what is happening to the chemicals that is undergoing this kind of change. The atoms present in the chemicals are just being rearranged, not created or destroyed, so this aspect of chemical changes allows us to determine what the rearrangements are.

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A nonpolar covalent molecule is called carbon tetrafluoride. If we examine the bonds separately, fluorine has an electronegativity of 4.0 and carbon has a value of 2.5.

A nonpolar molecule, CF4 is. The CF4 molecule as a whole is non-polar, despite the fact that all C-F bonds are polar because fluorine and carbon have different electronegativity levels. This happens as a result of the fluorine atoms being symmetrically arranged around the core carbon atom.

The simplest perfluorocarbon is tetrafluoromethane, also referred to as carbon tetrafluoride or R-14. Tetrafluoromethane, as its IUPAC name suggests, is the perfluorinated equivalent of the hydrocarbon methane. It is also a haloalkane or halomethane, respectively.

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Law of conservation of mass means mass can't be created nor destoryed but transformed from one form to another.

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The Brønsted-Lowry reaction can be written as; [tex]HPO_{4} ^{2-} + HNO_{2} ----- > H_{2} PO_{4} ^- + NO_{2}^-[/tex]. A proton was transferred in the reaction.

We know that there are various definitions of acids and bases. One of the definitions of an acid is that an acid is a substance that is able to donate a proton. In this case we look upon an acid as a proton donor in a reaction. The base is a substance that is able to able to accept to proton hence we would classify the base as a proton acceptor in a given reaction.

We now have to look at the reaction as we have seen it here. In this case, we are looking at the reaction between the substance and we are looking at the one that looses a proton and the one that gained a proton so as to be able to obtain the products of the reaction.

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Considering the ideal gas law, the number of moles evolved is 0.1075 moles.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of point particles with random displacement, which do not interact with each other.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:

P×V = n×R×T

where:

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

P×V = n×R×T

0.605 atm× 4.3 L= n× 0.082 (atmL)/(molK)× 295 K

Solving:

(0.605 atm× 4.3 L)÷ (0.082 (atmL)/(molK)× 295 K)= n

0.1075 moles= n

Finally, the number of moles in this case is 0.1075 moles.

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Copper oxide, CuO has a relative formula mass of 80.

What is the Relative Formula mass?

This refers to the total of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers seen in the formula.

This refers to the relative mass of atoms when compared with the carbon-12 atoms Ar. Relative formula mass is a measure of relative mass, thus it has no unit.

O=16 and Cu=64

copper oxide, CuO=  (1 * 64) + (1 * 16)

                              = 64      +  16

                               =80

Where,

1 = The subscript value of the element present.

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Cooked rice should be held at a minimum temperature of 57°C or 135°F.

Bacteria grow unexpectedly in temperatures among forty tiers Fahrenheit and a hundred and forty stages Fahrenheit. After your rice is thoroughly cooked, it ought to be stored hot, if you want to save you bacterial increase.

Any dish that incorporates cooked rice, beans, veggies, or pasta ought to be handled as a meals and saved out of the temperature danger zone.

Handiest reheat rice if it has previously been cooled down appropriately and stored inside the refrigerator until wanted. Handiest take sufficient rice portions from refrigerator as are required. thoroughly re-warmness the rice all of the way through until steaming. You could check this with a temperature probe.

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The pressure of the xenon gas will increase if the number of moles increases because as more molecules are in the container, the molecules hit the container of the wall more often (option C).

Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container.

According to this question, a 1.81 mol sample of Xenon gas is confined in a 42.6 liter container at 14.1 °C. If the amount of gas is increased to 2.72 mol, holding the volume and temperature constant, the pressure will increase.

An increase in the number of gas molecules, while container volume stays constant causes the pressure to increase due to the fact that the molecules will collide more with the walls of the container.

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Baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, often known as sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate , is a chemical substance having the formula NaHCO3.

It is a salt made up of the bicarbonate anion (HCO3) and the sodium cation (Na+). Sodium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline solid that frequently takes the form of a fine powder.

It tastes somewhat alkaline and salty, like washing soda. Nahcolite is the natural mineral form. It is dissolved in many mineral springs and is a part of the mineral natron.

The salt is known by several names, including baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda, and is frequently found next to baking powder in supermarkets due to its long history and widespread use.

Therefore, Baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, often known as sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate , is a chemical substance having the formula NaHCO3.

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A neutral atom contains two charged particles; protons and electrons. Neutrons are neutral particles.

Neutrons and protons are present inside the nucleus of the atom. Electrons revolve around the nucleus of the atoms in orbital paths known as shells.

The number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of protons. Therefore, the charge on a neutral atom is always zero. When an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes a charged particle. This charged particle is known as ion.

Therefore, only a neutral atom has zero charges.

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Chemical reactions are the process by which an existing chemical substance is changed into a different chemical substance by forming and breaking bonds between various atoms.

In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products.

Molecules can undergo a chemical change when they collide with enough force.An activation barriers that separates reactants and products is typically broken down during a reaction when the atoms are heated or exposed to radiation.

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