Different measures of disease are useful to evaluate and assess public health programs and needs in different situations. For each of the following questions, state which measure would best support your goal.

Measures of disease:

I = incidence rate (p. 126)
P = prevalence (p. 113)
L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114)
M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112)
R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109)

a. To demonstrate the risks of car-train crashes at railroad crossings without warning signals.
b. To demonstrate the amount of children's exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke.
c. To estimate the number of persons who have had leukemia during their lifetimes.
d. To estimate the number of healthcare facilities needed to support patients with Alzheimer's disease.
e. To argue that mortality from HIV infection is a more serious public health problem in one region of the US than another.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Different Measures of Disease

Question              Measure of Disease

a.                           I = incidence rate

b.                           P = prevalence

c.                           L = lifetime prevalence

d.                           L = lifetime prevalence

e.                           M = crude mortality rate

Explanation:

a) Measures of disease:

I = incidence rate (p. 126): measures the frequency of disease occurrence in a population over time. It is measured as new episodes of illness in a period divided by the population.

P = prevalence (p. 113): ratio or proportion of persons in a population with a disease at a time or over time.  It is based on a sample.

L = lifetime prevalence (p. 114):  the proportion or ratio of a population who had a disease at some point in their life.

M = crude mortality rate (crude death rate) (p. 112): the ratio of deaths in a period among a geographical population.

R = sex ratio (counts) (p. 109): ratio of male and female population.


Related Questions

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a genetic condition caused by a variant in the ALDOB gene, which is critical for fructose metabolism. Infants with this condition do not initially display symptoms, but as they are transitioned from breast milk or formula to solid foods, in particular fruit-based foods, they begin to display symptoms, which include vomiting, diarrhea, and low blood sugar. Individuals who do not consume fructose do not display these symptoms. Which of the following describes this condition?

a. It is incompletely penetrant, due to environmental factors.
b. It has variable expressivity, due to environmental factors.incorrect
c. It is incompletely penetrant, due to genetic factors.
d. It has variable expressivity, due to genetic factors.

Answers

It has variable expressivity due to the environmental factors.

The variation in expressivity occurs due to the environmental factors of that individual. Expressivity describes the differences observed in the phenotype between two individuals that belongs to same genotype.

In the condition, when the patient is allowed to consume the fructose based food, so it expresses the change in its body due to no tolerance against fructose so we can conclude that the change occurs due to environment not due to genetics.

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Porque voy a estudiar nutrición y dietética?

Answers

Answer:

La carrera de nutrición y dietética forma profesionales altamente capacitados en el campo de la salud desde una perspectiva de la alimentación

Explanation:

La alimentación es un aspecto clave en la vida que se encuentra relacionado directamente con la cantidad y calidad de los alimentos que ingerimos, lo cual es fundamental para tener una vida saludable y desarrollar un estado de bienestar tanto físico como emocional. La carrera de nutrición y dietética pertenece al área de la salud y tiene como objetivo formar profesionales que se encuentren altamente especializados para el desarrollo de programas de alimentación adecuados, teniendo en cuenta las características intrínsecas de los grupos de alimentos, sus propiedades y los requerimientos personalizados para cada paciente. En consecuencia, los profesionales en nutrición y dietética desarrollan un conocimiento profundo acerca de cuales son los requerimientos en macronutrientes (proteínas, hidratos de carbono y lípidos) y micronutrientes (vitaminas y minerales) para cada individuo, esto con la finalidad de adaptar la alimentación de acuerdo a su edad, peso corporal, estatura, etc. Los profesionales en este campo poseen además conocimientos avanzados en biología humana, bioquímica, química orgánica, como así también desarrollan aptitudes en psicología y salubridad alimentaria.

Two organisms, AABBCCDDEE and aabbccddee, are mated to produce an F1 that is self-fertilized. If all of these genes are on the same chromosome, and there is no recombination, how many different genotypes will occur in the F2

Answers

Answer:

2 genotypes: AABBCCDDEE; aabbccddee

Explanation:

The law of segregation (also called Mendel's First Law) describes how genes on different chromosomes segregate into gametes independently of each other. Moreover, recombination (also known as crossing over) is the interchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis. In this case, the five genes are on the same chromosome (i.e., they are linked together and do not segregate) and there is no recombination, thereby they are inherited as a haplotype block to the next generation:

- Genotypes parental (P) lines: AABBCCDDEE; aabbccddee

- Cross P1: ABCDE X abcde

- Genotype F1: AaBbCcDdEe (100%)

- Gametes F1: ABCDE; abcde

- Genotypes F2: AABBCCDDEE; aabbccddee (ratio 1:1)

two waste products of metabolic state their source and how they are removed from the blood​

Answers

All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solutes through the excretory organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, kidneys), with the exception of CO2, which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lungs. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism.

Fill in the bottom line of DNA with the complementary base pair:

Answers

Answer: ACCTGATCGTAGCT

Explanation:

Keep in mind that in DNA replication, the matching base pairs are A and T (adenine and thymine) and C and G (Cytosine and Guanine). This means that for DNA complementary strands, A's can ONLY bind with T's and C's can only bind with G's , and vice versa. So, your answer for the picture you have given is ACCTGATCGTAGCT

How do malignant transformed cells differ from normal cells? They are:

Answers

Answer:

In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells don't stop growing and dividing, this uncontrolled cell growth results in the formation of a tumor. Cancer cells have more genetic changes compared to normal cells, however not all changes cause cancer, they may be a result of it

5. Which of the following professionals has the authority to prescribe medication and treatment?
A. Nurse practitioner
B. Clinical dietician
C. Nutritionist
D. Home health aide

Answers

Answer: A. Nurse practitioner

Explanation: Hope it helps

Answer:

A. Nurse practitioner

Explanation:

Have a great day!

a body may have zero velocity even though its speed is 10m/s. give reason.​

Answers

Explanation:

because speed is time rate at which an object is moving along a bath, while velocity is the rate and direction of object's movement .

which of the following is a major determinant of the distribution pattern of a population?
1 social interactions
2 habitat area
3 rate of population growth
4 the ages of the individuals

Answers

Answer:

rate of population growth

An element has an atomic mass number of 16 and an atomic number of 7. The element has protons and neutrons. Reset Next

Answers

the answer of this question is answer b

what did Rudolf virchow discovered?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

In 1855 Virchow published a statement based on his observations Omnis cellula e cellula, which means that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. This was not a new theory.

The rate of capillary filtration and reabsorption are increased when......... .
A) the negative pressure of interstitial fluid is reduced
B) the pressure of oxygen available to tissues is decreased
C) intravenous pressure is increased

Answers

Answer:

Mechanisms of enhanced transcapillary filtration in response to elevations in arterial or venous pressure. Elevations in arterial (Pa) or venous (Pv) pressure increase capillary pressure, which favors enhanced capillary filtration (Jv).

option"c"

Indentify the structures

Answers

Eyes and ears and mouth and nose

What is a small structure within the cell that serves specialized functions?

Answers

Answer:

Organelles

Explanation:

Organelles are small,specialized structures found inside the cell which perform a specific task and help in the functioning of the cell.

What were the three large, flightless birds with similar features found on different continents, Australia, Africa, and South America?

Answers

Answer:

Rhea from south america

Emu from Australia

ostrich in Africa

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of

Answers

Answer:

fat tissue

Explanation:

HELP ASAP I WILL GIVE BRAINLIST

An unknown solution has a pH of 7.1. Which of these chemicals is likely to increase the pH the most when added to the solution?

HF

KOH

NH3

HNO3

Answers

Answer:

It is most likely KOH

Explanation:

NH3 is classified as a weak base so I'd suspect that to be incorrect although it does have a higher pH

The chemical that is likely to increase the pH the most when added to the solution is KOH. The correct option is B.

What is pH?

pH is the scale for the measurement of acidity and the basicity of any solution. pH is a scale from 1 to 14. The lowest pH will be highly acidic and the highest pH will be the highest basic.

The lowest the pH, it will donate the highest hydronium ions, and with the highest pH, it will dissociate completely into the solution. KOH dissociates completely into ions.

KOH or potassium hydroxide is a strong base. When the base is added to a solution, it increases its basicity. So it will increase the pH of the solution. All others are acids that will lower the pH of the solution.

Thus, the correct option is B. KOH.

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Living in the northern hemisphere, you decide to plant tulip bulbs in the spring. You are disappointed in the summer when they do not bloom. You had forgotten that tulip bulbs need a period of vernalization in order for them to bloom. What change should you make?
a) Plant the tulip bulbs in soil that has an abundance of nutrients, especially phosphorus.
b) Make sure that the tulips are kept in shady areas as too much sun will not allow them to sprout
c) Be careful to give the tulips plenty of water while they are germinating, but reduce the amount as the plants grow.
d) Ensure the plants are established in a region that will receive long periods of dark as this is required for the tulips to bloom.
e) Plant the tulip bulbs in the fall as opposed to the spring.

Answers

Answer:

b) Make sure that the tulips are kept in shady areas as too much sun will not allow them to sprout

explain why an increase in tempreture causes an increases on enzyme activity

Answers

Answer:

because they both work togther

Explanation:

According to the phenotypic characters of pneumococcus considered in Griffith's
experiment of transformation, which of the following statements are correct? Choose the
correct option (i) Presence of slime layer (ii) Presence of capsule (iii) Absence of capsule

Answers

Answer:

发发发 发斯蒂芬

Explanation:

Presence of capsule. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

What was Griffith's experiment?

Griffith's experiment of transformation is a landmark experiment in microbiology conducted in 1928 by British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith. The experiment aimed to determine the nature of the "transforming principle" responsible for transferring genetic material between bacteria.

Griffith used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, one that was virulent and had a polysaccharide capsule (S strain) and another that was non-virulent and lacked the capsule (R strain). He found that when he injected mice with the heat-killed S strain and live R strain, the mice died, and live S strain was found in their blood. This suggested that the R strain had been transformed into the S strain, and the genetic material was responsible for the transformation.

Griffith's experiment provided the first evidence of bacterial transformation and paved the way for future research on the molecular basis of genetics.

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Which of these would have the lowest kinetic energy?

Answers

Are there options too? If yes, then plz provide the options too, the next time you ask :) . Solids would have the lowest kinetic energy and gases have least kinetic energy.

You didn’t provide choices to choose from, but Solid particles have the least kinetic energy while Gas particles have the greatest amount

How does non-random mating cause
evolution?

A. A population that ensures each individual reproduces
causes the population to evolve.
B. When multiple species mate with each other the
population evolves.
C. Individuals choose their mates, meaning that some
individuals pass on their genes and other do not.
D. Individuals that mate with the same individual every
year help evolve their population.

Answers

A. A population that ensures each indivdual reproduces

For which of the following phenomena is intrinsic affinity necessarily more important than functional affinity?
A. Antibody-mediated opsonization of encapsulated bacterial pathogens
B. Assay using antibodies to detect small drugs in solution
C. Binding of C1q to immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM
D. Binding of neutralizing IgG antibodies to nonenveloped viruses​

Answers

Explanation:

B. Assay using antibodies to detect small drugs in solution

hope this helps you

have a nice day

Which of the following choices is an example of an independent system

A: a human who needs food and water to survive

B: a plant that needs sunlight to make energy

C:a factory that recycles plastic bottles into reusable tote bags.

D:None of these choices are correct.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

a palnt that need sunlight to make energy

Help anyone please????!

Answers

1. Wavelength
2. Compression
3. Rarefractiom
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Which of the following factors would LIMIT carrying capacity?
A. Far from factories or roads
B. A large nearby river
C. Abundant food
D. A small space to live in

Answers

Answer:

D. A small space to live in

Explanation:

Having a small space to live in would directly limit carrying capacity.

Since there is a small space, only a few organisms would be able to live in that space.

This means that carrying capacity is limited, because the space does not have enough room to sustain more people.

So, the correct answer is D. A small space to live in

What is the effect of these currents on Earth's temperatures?

Answers

Ocean currents act much like a conveyor belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. Thus, ocean currents regulate global climate, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface.

Give reason. Mosquitoes and housefly are placed in the phylum arthropoda​

Answers

Mosquitoes and Housefly are grouped under the phylum Arthropoda because they both posses jointed legs (or appendages).

Animals that have jointed appendages are called Arthropods (i.e animals with jointed legs). They are triploblastic (i.e they have 3 germ layers) and exhibit bilateral symmetry. They are both six-legged arthropods sub-grouped under the class Hexapoda (coined from the word "hexa" meaning six and "Poda" meaning leg). Their body are divided into three parts; head, thorax and abdomen.

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Match the type of evidence for evolution with the correct example

Answers

Vestigial structures: 1st box

Homologous structures: Last box

DNA sequence data: 2nd box

Analogous structures: 3rd box

The liver develops: as a ventral outgrowth of the embryonic foregut. incorporates both endodermal and mesodermal components. develops in the ventral mesentery. is connected to the stomach by the lesser omentum. All of the above.

Answers

Answer: All of the above.

Explanation:

The liver is simply the largest solid organ in the body and it can be found below the rib cage in the upper abdomen by the right. It's function is to maintain the blood sugar, regulate blood clotting and remove toxins from the blood.

It should be noted that the liver develops as a ventral outgrowth of the embryonic foregut. It also helps in the incorporation of both the endodermal and the mesodermal components. Furthermore, it's developed in the ventral mesentery and is connected to the stomach by the lesser omentum.

Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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