The bigger the distance from the equator the lesser the angle at which the sunlight falls on the surface of the Earth. The smaller the angle of the sunlight the lesser the heating because of the greater dispersal of the sun rays which cause cooler temperature.
Oceans are significantly slower to heat up and chill down than land. This means that, at the same latitude and altitude, coastal sites are colder in the summer and warmer in the winter. Glasgow, for example, is at a comparable latitude to Moscow, but its winters are much milder due to its proximity to the shore.
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