Electrochemistry: Voltaic Cells (30 pts) In electrochemistry, a voltaic cell is a specially prepared system in which an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs spontaneously. This spontaneous reaction produces an easily measured electrical potential. A voltaic cell is constructed by using two metal electrodes and solutions of their respective salts (the electrolyte component of the cell) with known molar concentrations. Data Collection Go to https://pages.uoregon.edu/tgreenbo/voltaicCellEMF.html. Your screen should look like the figure below. This apparatus is called a voltaic cell. Pop out menus will allow you to select metals (electrodes) and ionic solutions to be placed into two beakers that are connected by a salt bridge. You can then connect the metals to a voltmeter to measure the cell voltage (E°). Part I. Data Analysis and Interpretation of Cu/Zn cell. 1. Click on the left pop-out tab for metals and select Cu, click on the left pop-out tab for solutions and select Cu(NO3)2(aq) and choose 1.0 M concentration. Use the right tabs and select Zn and 1.0 M Zn(NO3)2(aq). Click on the power switch of the voltage meter. Observe the action of the simulation. Use the following drawing to sketch and label what is happening and to answer the following questions a) What is the voltage (E°) generated by the chemical reaction? b) Indicate the directions of electron flow in the circuit and ion flow (cation and anion) in the salt bridge? (Label in the figure above) c) Write a net ionic equation (half reaction) representing what’s happening in the left beaker. d) Write a net ionic equation (half reaction) representing what’s happening in the right beaker. e) Combine the two half reactions into a complete reaction. f) Write the shorthand notation for the cell. g) Determine what happens if you reverse the cell by placing Cu/Cu(NO3)2 in the right beaker and the Zn/Zn(NO3)2 in the left beaker. Explain what you observe. h) What is the significance of having a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell? Part II. Data Collection: a) Repeat the procedure of Part I. for all the combinations in the following table. Record the cell voltages for each condition. Record the direction of electron flow from electrode to electrode. NOTE: click on power off switch between changing electrodes. Left Cell Right Cell Voltage (E°) Direction of Electrons 1) Ag/AgNO3, 1.0M Cu/Cu(NO3)2, 1.0M From to 2) Ag/AgNO3, 1.0M Zn/Zn(NO3)2, 1.0M From to 3) Cu/Cu(NO3)2, 0.10M Zn/Zn(NO3)2, 0.10M From to 4) Zn/Zn(NO3)2, 0.10M Zn/Zn(NO3)2, 1.0M From to b) For each of the four combinations in the table above, Write the two half reactions that are combined to generate the overall reaction. The reaction for Ag/AgNO3 and Cu/Cu(NO3)2 is shown as an example. 1) Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e– E° = Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag (s) E° = 2) 3) 4) c) The last cell 4) in the table of question a) is known as a concentration cell. Use the Nernst equation to calculate the theoretical value of E of the Zn-concentration cell that measured in the simulation.

Answers

Answer 1

The simulation and data collection process involve constructing a voltaic cell using different metal electrodes and ionic solutions, observing the generated voltage, electron and ion flow, writing net ionic equations, and analyzing the significance of a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell.

What is the process involved in constructing and analyzing a voltaic cell?

To conduct the experiment, a voltaic cell is created by selecting metal electrodes (such as Cu or Zn) and corresponding ionic solutions (e.g., Cu(NO3)2(aq) or Zn(NO3)2(aq)) with known molar concentrations.

By connecting the electrodes with a salt bridge, the cell generates a measurable voltage (E°) resulting from a spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction.

In the first part of the data analysis, the specific steps involve selecting Cu and Cu(NO3)2(aq) with a 1.0 M concentration for the left beaker, and Zn with Zn(NO3)2(aq) with a 1.0 M concentration for the right beaker.

The voltage generated by the chemical reaction is observed, and the directions of electron flow in the circuit and ion flow in the salt bridge are identified and labeled.

Net ionic equations representing the half reactions in each beaker are written, and these are combined to form a complete reaction. The shorthand notation for the cell is also determined.

In the second part, the procedure is repeated for different combinations of metals and ionic solutions, recording the cell voltages and directions of electron flow.

Net ionic equations are written for each combination, representing the half reactions that contribute to the overall reaction.

The last part of the experiment involves a concentration cell, specifically the Zn-concentration cell.

The Nernst equation is utilized to calculate the theoretical value of E for this cell based on the measured simulation data.

In summary, the process of constructing and analyzing a voltaic cell involves selecting metal electrodes and ionic solutions, observing voltage generation, identifying electron and ion flow, writing net ionic equations, and analyzing the significance of a salt bridge.

This experimental approach provides insights into electrochemistry and the behavior of oxidation-reduction reactions in different cell configurations.

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Related Questions

How does Mr. Frank feel about having Mr. Dussel with them? How does Mr. Van Daan
feel about it?

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In "The Diary of a Young Girl" by Anne Frank, Mr. Frank's and Mr. Van Daan's feelings about having Mr. Dussel with them differ.

Mr. Frank, Anne's father, initially welcomes Mr. Dussel into their hiding place with understanding and empathy. He recognizes the difficult circumstances and tries to create a harmonious environment for everyone. Mr. Frank tends to be patient and tolerant, understanding the challenges that come with sharing close quarters.

On the other hand, Mr. Van Daan, who is also hiding in the annex with his family, expresses discontent and frustration regarding Mr. Dussel's arrival. He sees it as an additional burden and intrusion, as the living space becomes even more cramped. Mr. Van Daan is less willing to accommodate and may become irritable due to the added stress.

These differing reactions to Mr. Dussel's presence reflect the diversity of perspectives and personalities among the individuals living in the annex during their challenging time in hiding.

what happened to the two men convicted of treason during the whiskey rebellion?

Answers

The Whiskey Rebellion was a 1791-1794 uprising in Western Pennsylvania and parts of the trans-Appalachian frontier. The rebellion started due to the Whiskey Tax imposed by the federal government on distilled spirits, which affected small farmers and whiskey producers.

During the Whiskey Rebellion, two men were convicted of treason. They were John Mitchell and Philip Weigel. Mitchell and Weigel had organized the meeting where the whiskey rebels formulated their complaints against the government. They were found guilty of treason against the United States in federal court on the grounds that they had conspired with the insurgents to levy war against the government.

After being convicted, John Mitchell and Philip Weigel were sentenced to hang. However, they were granted clemency by President George Washington in response to their lawyers' appeals and the intervention of influential members of the community, such as Supreme Court Justice James Wilson. Their sentences were commuted to house arrest. Both Mitchell and Weigel served six months in prison before being released and then placed under house arrest for a year after their release. The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the federal government's ability to maintain order and enforce its laws, while also highlighting the tensions between western farmers and the eastern political elite.

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How was England perceived by the rest of the world in the late 19th century, during the height of imperialism?
a. As a benevolent and respectful colonial power
b. As an oppressive and exploitative empire
c. As an isolationist nation avoiding foreign affairs
d. As a neutral mediator in international conflicts

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During the height of imperialism in the late 19th century, England was perceived by the rest of the world as an oppressive and exploitative empire. This can be seen in their actions towards the people of India and Africa. The correct answer is b).

During the late 19th century, imperialism became rampant and England was seen by the rest of the world as an oppressive and exploitative empire. They did not handle their colonies in a way that benefitted them, but instead exploited them for their resources.

In India, for example, England took advantage of the country's resources and treated the Indian people as second-class citizens. In Africa, England also acted in the same way, they exploited the natural resources of the continent and subjected the indigenous people to slavery, colonization, and racism.

Therefore, it can be concluded that during the late 19th century, England was seen as an oppressive and exploitative empire. The correct answer is b) As an oppressive and exploitative empire

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During the late 19th century, which was also the height of imperialism, England was perceived by the rest of the world as an oppressive and exploitative empire.

This was due to the fact that during this time, England had an extensive colonial empire that included several territories in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. In order to maintain control over these colonies, England used its military and economic power to exploit their resources and subjugate their populations.Therefore, option B (As an oppressive and exploitative empire) is the correct answer. England was not seen as a benevolent or respectful colonial power, as the exploitation of the colonies was seen as an act of greed rather than a genuine desire to help them. Additionally, England was not seen as an isolationist nation or a neutral mediator, as it was heavily involved in international affairs due to its colonial holdings and its position as a global superpower at the time.

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What was the impact of baseball and entertainment on america in the 1920’s?.

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Baseball and entertainment played a significant role in shaping America's social, economic, and political landscape in the 1920s. It was a time when America was emerging from World War I, and there was a need for unity, social cohesion, and a sense of national identity.

Baseball was the most popular sport at the time, and it brought people together, regardless of their social, economic, or political background. It provided a sense of belonging, pride, and unity that was much needed at the time.

Entertainment was also a crucial aspect of American life in the 1920s. It was a time when people wanted to forget the hardships of the war years and enjoy life to the fullest. The popularity of jazz music, dance, and theater provided people with an escape from their everyday lives. Jazz music was the soundtrack of the 1920s, and it helped to bring people together. It was a symbol of cultural diversity and creativity.

baseball and entertainment had a significant impact on America in the 1920s. They helped to create a sense of national unity, pride, and identity. They also contributed to economic growth and provided people with an escape from the hardships of everyday life. Baseball and entertainment helped to shape the social, economic, and political landscape of America, and their impact can still be felt today.

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