Answer:
Correct Answer:
c. Low-income developing countries are catching up to high-income industrial countries.
Explanation:
The evidence which shows that low income developing countries are catching up to high-income industrial countries could be found in the series of developmental strides made by some countries like Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Indonesia, Vietnam etc over the years. Most of their achievements is at par with most European countries in different sectors such as educational, and social sectors.
A group of elderly men, whose government disability benefits are the sole source of income, is approached to consider an experimental research study for their current colon cancer. The study involves more than minimal risk, but offers substantial financial incentives that are equal to two months of disability benefits. The IRB will be most concerned about the possibility of:
Answer:
Undue influence on the subjects
Explanation:
An institutional Review Board (IRB) can be said to be a type of committee that uses research ethics by reviewing the procedures (methods) to be used (proposed) for research a studies to ensure that they are ethical.
According to federal regulations of expedited review of a new, proposed study can only be used by the IRB if only the study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified in federal regulations. Usually, being involved in the research studies is voluntary, but if you choose to take part, you waive the right to legal redress for any research-related injuries. IRB will be most concerned about the possibility of Undue influence on the subjects is critical to the research studies.
Deliberately selling a product below its customary price, not to increase sales, but to attract customers' attention in hopes that they will buy other products as well, is referred to as
Answer:
loss leader pricing strategy
Explanation:
The type of strategy that is being described is known as a loss leader pricing strategy. This is a pricing strategy in which a product is sold at a price below its market cost in order to be able to stimulate other sales of more profitable goods or services. In such a scenario, the "leader" product is any popular item that the company is selling, and this item is the one that receives the price cut in order to attract customers that were already interested in it to the other products.
Wayne, Inc., wishes to expand its facilities. The company currently has 5 million shares outstanding and no debt. The stock sells for $40 per share, but the book value per share is $10. Net income is currently $4 million. The new facility will cost $50 million, and it will increase net income by $820,000. Assume a constant price-earnings ratio.
a-1. Calculate the new book value per share. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a-2. Calculate the new EPS. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 4 decimal places, e.g., 32.1616.)
a-3. Calculate the new stock price. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a-4. Calculate the new market-to-book ratio. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 4 decimal places, e.g., 32.1616.)
b. What would the new net income for the company have to be for the stock price to remain unchanged? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount, e.g., 1,234,567.)
Answer:
a-1. Calculate the new book value per share.
current book value = stocks outstanding x book value = 5,000,000 x $10 = $50,000,000
new book value = $50,000,000 + $50,000,000 = $100,000,000
new stocks issued = $50,000,000 / $40 = 1,250,000
total stocks outstanding = 5,000,000 + 1,250,000 = 6,250,000
new book value per stock = $100,000,000 / 6,250,000 = $16
a-2. Calculate the new EPS.
old EPS = $4,000,000 / 5,000,000 = $0.80 per stock
new EPS = $4,850,000 / 6,250,000 = $0.776 per stock
a-3. Calculate the new stock price.
price to earnings ratio = $40 / $0.80 = 50
new stock price:
50 = new stock price / $0.776
new stock price = 50 x $0.776 = $38.80
a-4. Calculate the new market-to-book ratio.
market to book ratio = market capitalization / book value = $242,500,000 / $100,000,000 = 2.425
b. What would the new net income for the company have to be for the stock price to remain unchanged?
0.8 = net income / 6,250,000
net income = 6,250,000 x 0.8 = $5,000,000
Suppose that on August 14, 2019, an antique woven rug handmade in Canada is priced at CAD 1,100. The approximate U.S. dollar price of the rug would be
Answer:
USD 825.95Explanation:
Step one:
To tackle this problem we need data from historical chart.
From historical chart, on August 14, 2019, 1 USD is equivalent to CAD 1.3318
Step two:
From the historical data we need to perform conversion on the data to get the USD equivalent of the CAD given in the problem
Hence
if 1 USD = CAD 1.3318 then
x USD = CAD 1,100
by cross multiplying we have
x USD= 1,100/ 1.3318
x USD= 825.95
Hence as at August 14, 2019 CAD 1,100 is USD 825.95
iv. What is the essential tool (and subtypes) for seeing the big picture and revealing large information about the data series
Answer:
Ms Excel
Explanation:
This software is popular among businesses today, which they use in performing data analysis. Often called a spreadsheet application, Ms (Microsoft) Excel allows businesses to see the bigger picture and revealing large information about the data series.
For example, by using Ms Excel, a business can look up the percentage differences in its revenue turnover for a period time (quarterly, monthly or yearly), by simply imputing their data series.
When modeling the right to develop an oil property as a real option, and in the presence of fixed costs, using oil price volatility in the option-pricing model will
Answer:
overestimate because the value of the option depends on the volatility of revenue
Explanation:
The greater the market volatility, the greater the range that would be needed to determine the option premium. This would end up causing an overestimation of the premium value.
Therefore making use of oil price volatility in the option-pricing model will overestimate as value of option is dependent on how volatile the revenue is.
On January 1, 2017, Shay issues $390,000 of 8%, 20-year bonds at a price of 97.00. Six years later, on January 1, 2023, Shay retires 20% of these bonds by buying them on the open market at 104.50. All interest is accounted for and paid through December 31, 2022, the day before the purchase. The straight-line method is used to amortize any bond discount.Required:Prepare the journal entry to record the bond retirement at January 1, 2023.
Answer:
Journal entry to record the bond retirement at Jan 1, 2023
Bond payable Dr $78,000
Loss on redemption Dr $5,265
Discount on bonds payable Cr $1,755
Cash. Cr 81,510
Explanation:
Bonds issued at 97%
$390,000 × 97%
= $378,300
Discount difference between cash proceeds and face value
= $390,000 -$378,300
= $11,700
If bonds are discounted using straight line,
$11,700 ÷ 20 year
= $585
At 2022, there is 5 amortization
= $585 × 5
= $2,925
Discount value
= $11,700 - $2,925
= $8,775
Carrying value
= $390,000 - $8,775
= $381,225
Therefore, $390,000 bonds payable × 20% × 104.5%
= $81,510
Carrying book value of 20%
$381,225 × 20%
= $76,245
Loss on redemption
= $81,510 - $76,245
= $5,265
Therefore,
20% of the face value
= $390,000 × 20%
= $78,000
20% of the discount
= $8,775 × 20%
= $1,755
Loss on redemption = $5,265
Cash disbursement = $81,510
A monopolist that practices perfect price discrimination has the same deadweight loss triangle as the single-price monopolist.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
The correct answer is the option B: False.
Explanation:
To begin with, the price discrimination strategy refers to a technique used by the companies in order to charge different prices to the different consumers regarding the fact of how much would they be able to pay for the product. When it comes to monopolies, a perfect price discrimination strategy would try as best as possible to capture the majority of the zone known as the "consumer surplus". And that is why that a company with a perfect price discrimination would face a small deadweight loss area due to the fact that with that strategy of price the monopolist will absorve as much as possible of that area becuase the triangle is half consumer surplus and half producer surplus.
Suppose Happy Dog Soap Company is evaluating a proposed capital budgeting project (project Beta) that will require an initial investment of $3,225,000. The project is expected to generate the following net cash flows:
Year Cash Flow
Year 1 $275,000
Year 2 $475,000
Year 3 $400,000
Year 4 $500,000
Happy Dog Soap Company's weighted average cost of capital is 8%, and project Beta has the same risk as the firm's average project. Based on the cash flows, what is project Beta's NPV?
a. -$5,056,663
b. -$1,831,663
c -$2,106,412
d. -$2,197,996
Answer:
-$1,878,086.608
Explanation:
The computation of the net present value is shown below;
(in dollars) (in dollars)
Year Cash flows Discount factor Present value
0 -3225000 1 -3225000 (A)
1 275000 0.9259259259 254629.630
2 475000 0.8573388203 407235.940
3 400000 0.793832241 317532.896
4 500000 0.7350298528 367514.926
Total 1346913.392 (B)
Net present value -$1,878,086.608 (A - B)
This is the answer but the same is not provided in the given options
Mogul Company ships merchandise to Ski Outfit in a consignment arrangement. The arrangement specifies that Ski Outfit will attempt to sell the merchandise, and in return, Mogul will pay to Ski Outfit a commission of 25% of the selling price on any merchandise sold. During the year, Mogul ships inventory with a cost of $81,000 to Ski Outfit and pays shipping costs of $8,700. By the end of the year, $61,000 of the merchandise has been sold to customers for a total of $86,000. Mogul allocates $6,500 of the shipping costs to inventory sold and the other $2,200 to inventory not sold. Mogul also paid advertising costs during the year of $10,500. What amount of inventory will Mogul report at year end
Answer:
$22,200
Explanation:
With regards to the above information Mogul company,
Cost of goods
= $81,000 + $8,700
= $89,700
= $61,000 + $6,500
= $67,500
Inventory = Cost of goods - Cost of goods sold
= $89,700 - $67,500
= $22,200
It therefore means that the amount of inventory Magu company will report at the year end is $22,200
1) Compute cash flows from financing activities using the above company information.
Addtional Short-Term Borrowings $20,000
Purchase of short term investments $5000
Cash Dividends Paid 16000
Interest Paid 8000
2) Compute cash flows from investing activities using the above company information.
Sale of short term investments $6000
Cash Collections from Customers $16,000
Purchase of used equipment $5000
Depreciation Expense $2000
Answer:
$4,000$1,000Explanation:
1. Financing Cashflows relate to cash spent or received for the capital used in the company. These include Equity, Long term borrowings and dividends. Interest payments go to the Operating Cashflow and investments go to the Investing cashflow.
Financing Cashflow is;
= Inflow - Outflow
= +20,000 - 16,000
= +$4,000
2. Investing Cashflows related to cash spent or received from fixed assets as well as the securities of other companies. Cash collections does not fall here but rather under Operating cashflows along with depreciation.
Investing Cashflow is;
= Inflow - Outflow
= +6,000 - 5,000
= $1,000
Which of the following is not true about amortization of Limited-Life Intangibles a. Amortize by systematic charge to expense over useful life. b. Credit asset account or accumulated amortization. c. Useful life should reflect the periods over which the asset will contribute to cash flows. d. Amortization should be cost less residual value. e. IFRS requires companies to assess the residual values and useful lives of intangible assets at least annually. f. None of the above
Answer:
Amortization of Limited-Life Intangibles:
f. None of the above
Explanation:
IFRS requires limited-life intangibles to be systemically amortized throughout their useful lives using either units of activity method or straight-line method. Intangibles are amortized to reduce their values as per use over their lifespan. Amortization is like depreciation, but depreciation is a term used for tangible assets, while amortization is used for intangible assets.
A newly formed firm must decide on a plant location. There are two alternatives under consideration: locate near the major raw materials or locate near the major customers. Locating near the raw materials will result in lower fixed and variable costs than locating near the market, but the owners believe there would be a loss in sales volume because customers tend to favor local suppliers. Revenue per unit will be $172 in either case.
Omaha Kansas City
Annual fixed costs ($ millions) $1.0 $1.1
Variable cost per unit $30 $45
Expected annual demand (units) 9800 11,625
Required:
Using the above information, determine what the profit would be for Kansas City.
Answer:
Profit for Kansas City = $376,375
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Omaha Kansas City
Expected annual demand (units) 9,800 11,625
Annual fixed costs $1,000,000 $1,100,000
Variable cost per unit $30 $45 $294,000 $523,125
Total cost $1,294,000 $1,623,125
Revenue $1,685,600 $1,999,500
Profit $391,600 $376,375
From the above differential analysis, it appears that locating in Omaha would be better and more profitable than locating in Kansas City for the company. This is based on the fact that more profit ($15,225) will be generated with Omaha location than locating in Kansas City.
Burpee Company sells seeds to garden stores. Sales are expected to be $2,038,635 in January, $2,581,891 in February and $2,913,307 in March. Burpee sets their prices so that they earn an average 32% gross profit on sales revenue. What is budgeted cost of goods sold for the first quarter (January, February and March)?
Answer:
Total COGS= $5,123,006.44
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Sales:
January= $2,038,635
February= $2,581,891
March= $2,913,307
Burpee sets their prices so that they earn an average 32% gross profit on sales revenue.
We need to calculate the cost of goods sold:
January= 2,038,635*0.68= 1,386,271.8
February= 2,581,891*0.68= 1,755,685.88
March= 2,913,307*0.68= 1,981,048.76
Total COGS= $5,123,006.44
"In the long-run, monopolistically competitive firms: have excess capacity. produce at the minimum of average total cost. charge prices equal to marginal cost. both B and C are true."
Answer:
The correct answer is the option D: Both B and C are true.
Explanation:
To begin with, a monopolistically competitive firms is the one that produces in a market in where the other companies sell a pretty similar but different product and there are a lot of buyers so the most important way to difference themself is by the publicity or the identification of the brand in the mind of the consumers. Moreover, in this type of market in the long-run equilibrium the price if equal to the marginal cost and also to the minimun of the average total cost so therefore that it is said that there are zero economic profit
A 25-year old single client has just started his own small business and is not covered by a retirement plan. He has $5,000 to invest and currently has a low level of income. He wishes to start saving for retirement. The BEST recommendation is a:
Answer:
Roth IRA
Explanation:
Based on this scenario, it can be said that the best recommendation would be a Roth IRA. This is an individual retirement account that non-deductible tax-free growth for retirement at age 59 1/2. As of 2018, the yearly limit for a Roth IRA account is $5,500 meaning that the client in this scenario would not have any problem investing the entire $5000 as soon as they open the account. And since he is in a low tax bracket he should not have any problem opening an Account.
What is the annual real estate tax on a property valued at $135,000 and assessed for tax purposes at $47,250, with an equalization factor of 125%, when the tax rate is 25 mills
Answer:
$1,477
Explanation:
The annual real estate tax = assessed tax × equalization factor × tax rate
= $47,250 × 125% × 25 mills
= $47,250 × 125% × 2.5%(25 mills)
= $47,250 × 1.25 × 0.025
= $1,477
King Company issued bonds with a face amount of $1,600,000 in 2015. As of January 1, 2020, the balance in Discount on Bonds Payable is $4,800. At that time, King redeemed the bonds at 102.Required:Assuming that no interest is payable, make the entry to record the redemption.
Answer:
January 1, 2020
Bonds Payable 1600000 Dr
Loss on Redemption of bonds 36800 Cr
Discount on Bonds Payable 4800 Cr
Cash 1632000 Cr
Explanation:
The redemption of bonds before the maturity usually requires a payment for redemption which is a certain percentage of its face value. It is usually higher than the face value. The above bonds are redeemed at 102 which means at 102% of the face value of the bonds. Thus, the cash paid to redeem the bonds is,
Cash = 1600000 * 102% = 1632000
The bonds have a carrying value, which is the face value less discount or add premium, of,
Carrying value = 1600000 - 4800 = $1595200
If they are redeemed for an amount in excess of the carrying value, they are redeemed at a loss.
The loss on redemption is,
Loss = 1595200 - 1632000 = $36800
Rally Quadcopters plans to sell a standard quadcopter (toy drone) for $45 and a deluxe quadcopter for $65. Rally purchases the standard quadcopter for $35 and the deluxe quadcopter for $45. Management expects to sell two deluxe quadcopters for every three standard quadcopters. The company's monthly fixed expenses are $14,700. How many of each type of quadcopter must Rally sell monthly to breakeven?
To earn $10,500?
First identify the formula to compute the sales in units at various levels of operating income using the contribution margin approach.
Answer:
Rally must sell 1,080 units of Standard and 720 units of Deluxe
Explanation:
Standard Deluxe Total
Sales price per unit $45 $65
Less: Variable cost ($35) ($45)
Contribution Margin per unit $10 $20
Sales Mix units (A) $3 $2 $5
Contribution margin $30 $40 $70
Weighted average Contribution $14
per unit C= B/A
Appointment of fixed cost between standard and deluxe
Total Fixed cost = 14,700
Break even point = Fixed cost / Weighted average Contribution per unit
= 14,700 / 14
= 1,050
Apportionment of Break even point sales between Standard and deluxe in sales mix ratio (3:2)
Standard = 1,050 * 3/5 = 630
Deluxe = 1,050 * 2/3 = 420
Unit to be sold to get desired profit = Fixed cost + Desired profit / Weighted average Contribution per unit
= (14,700 + 10,500) / 14
= 1,800
Apportionment of Units to be sold to get desired profit between Standard and Deluxe in sales mix ratio (3:2)
Standard = 1,800 * 3/5 = 1,080
Deluxe = 1,800 * 2/5 = 720
To reach target operating income, Rally must sell 1,080 units of Standard and 720 units of Deluxe
Luther Corporation
Consolidated Income Statement
Year ended December 31 (in $millions)
2006 2005
Total sales 610.1 578.8
Cost of sales (500.2) (355.3)
Gross profit 109.9 223.5
Selling, general, and
administrative expenses (40.5) (38.7)
Research and development (24.6) (21.8)
Depreciation and amortization (3.6) (3.9)
Operating income 41.2 159.1
Other income −− −−
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) 41.2 159.1
Interest income (expense) (25.1) (15.3)
Pretax income 16.1 143.8
Taxes (5.5) (50.33)
Net income 10.6 93.47
Price per share $16 $15
Sharing outstanding (millions) 10.2 8.0
Stock options outstanding (millions) 0.3 0.2
Stockholders' Equity 126.6 63.6
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 533.1 386.7
Refer to the income statement above. Luther's operating margin for the year ending December 31, 2005 is closest to:_________.
A. 13.7413.74%
B. 21.9921.99%
C. 27.4927.49%
D. 32.9932.99%
Answer:
27.48%
Explanation:
Calculation for Luther's operating margin for the year ending December 31, 2005
Using this formula
Operating margin = Operating income / Sales
Let plug in the formula
Operating margin= 159.1/578.8
Operating margin=0.2748*100
Operating margin=27.48%
Therefore Luther's operating margin for the year ending December 31, 2005 is 27.48%
Bonita Industries is planning to sell 1000 boxes of ceramic tile, with production estimated at 470 boxes during May. Each box of tile requires 44 pounds of clay mix and a 0.50 hour of direct labor. Clay mix costs $0.40 per pound and employees of the company are paid $11 per hour. Manufacturing overhead is applied at a rate of 110% of direct labor costs. Bonita has 3900 pounds of clay mix in beginning inventory and wants to have 3700 pounds in ending inventory. What is the total amount to be budgeted for direct labor for the month
Answer: $2,585
Explanation:
Total budgeted amount for direct labor;
Production is estimated at 470 boxes.
Each box requires 0.5 hours of direct labor
Employees are paid $11 per hour.
= 470 * 0.5 * 11
= $2,585
During 2021, Deluxe Leather Goods issued 797,000 coupons which entitles the customer to a $4.50 cash refund when the coupon is submitted at the time of any future purchase. Deluxe estimates that 75% of the coupons will be redeemed. 420,000 coupons had been processed during 2021. Deluxe recognizes coupon expense in the period coupons are issued. At December 31, 2021, Deluxe should report a liability for unredeemed coupons of:
Answer:
Deluxe should report a liability for un-redeemed coupons of 799,875
Explanation:
Estimated coupons to be redeemed 597,750
(797,000 * 75%)
Less: Coupons redeemed 420,000
Coupons un-redeemed 177,750
X Cost per Coupon 4.50
Liability for un-redeemed Coupons 799,875
air pollution causes capital to wear out more rapidly, doubling the rate of depreciation. How would this affect economic growth?
Answer:
The economic growth will be lower.
Explanation:
The rise in pollution and the doubling of the rate of depreciation will affect economic growth adversely. However, rapid wear and tear of capital will cost the person and it will reduce the purchasing power. Thus, lower purchasing power will result in lower economic growth. Moreover, pollution creates three main problems that are reduced labor productivity, rise in health problems, and loss of crop yield. So the reduction in all these factors will also slow down economic growth.
A company's Office Supplies account shows a beginning balance of $720 and an ending balance of $640. If office supplies expense for the year is $3,700, what amount of office supplies was purchased during the period
Answer:
Purchases= $3,620
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Beginning inventory= $720
Ending inventory= $640
Purchase= ?
Used in the period= $3,700
To calculate the purchases, we need to use the following formula:
Purchases= used in the period + desired ending inventory - beginning inventory
Purchases= 3,700 + 640 - 720
Purchases= $3,620
light sweet petroleum, inc., is trying to evaluate a generation project with cash flows:________.
year Cash Flow
0 -38,600,000
1 62,600,000
2 - 11,600,000
a-1 What is the NPV for the project if the company requires a return of 11 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
NPV _______
a-2 Should the company accept this project?
A. Yes
B. Nο
b. This project has two IRR's, namely _______ percent and ______ percent, in order from smallest to largest. (Note: If you can only compute one IRR value, you should input that amount into both answer boxes in order to obtain some credit.) (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign.
Answer:
a-1. NPV for the project is $8,381,576.17
a-2. A. Yes. Accept the Project.
b. 40.84 % and 40.84 %
Explanation:
The Net Present Value can be determined using a Financial Calculator as follows :
-38,600,000 CFj
62,600,000 CFj
- 11,600,000 CFj
11 % I/YR
Shift NPV $8,381,576.17
A Company should accept projects that have a positive Net Present Value.Therefore, Accept this project.
Calculation of the Internal Rate of Return using a Financial Calculator :
-38,600,000 CFj
62,600,000 CFj
- 11,600,000 CFj
Shift IRR 40.84 %
1. The "four Ms" of cause-and-effect diagrams are:______.
a. mentality, motivation, management, and manpower.
b. material, methods, men, and mental attitude.
c. material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods.
d. material, management, manpower, and motivation.
e. named after four quality experts.
2. A Systematic Approach to Capacity Decisions includes:A. Evaluate the alternativesB. Identify gapsC. Estimate capacity requirementsD. Develop alternativesE. All are correct
Answer:
1. C. c. material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods.
2. E. All are correct
Explanation:
1. The cause-and-effect diagram also known as the Ishikawa diagram is used by organizations to find out the likely causes of unwanted problems. This diagram traces the roots of problems and helps managers discover the potential causes of these problems. The four M's that form the bone of the diagram to which other causes are traced include the;
a. material, which is about the products used in the production process and potential problems that can be attributed to them.
b. machinery/equipment, which is about the plant and likely problems that can arise from their use.
c. manpower, which is about the personnel used in the production process, and,
d. methods, which is about the systems adopted by the organization.
2. A systematic approach to capacity decisions include;
a. Estimation of capacity requirements
b. Identification of gaps by comparing the expected requirements with available capacity.
c. Develop alternative plans and methods that would help to reduce the gaps.
d. Evaluate the alternatives taking into consideration their qualitative and quantitative attributes.
1. The "four Ms" of cause-and-effect diagrams are material, machinery/equipment, manpower, and methods. Thus, option C is correct.
2. A Systematic Approach to Capacity Decisions includes all of the options. Thus, option E is correct.
Due to the high demand for a given good or service on the market, firms often employ capacity management as a method to maximize production efficiency. Its objectives include locating and resolving manufacturing process bottlenecks and accelerating output through resource optimization and the removal of time and capacity restrictions.
It aids businesses in overcoming difficulties related to creating long-term organizational strategies, managing supply chain operations, and satisfying short- and medium-term client demand. In order to guarantee that it accomplishes the manufacturing output within the allotted time, an organization must analyze the availability of its resources while doing this. In sectors including manufacturing, retail, services, and information technology, this practice is widespread.
Learn more about capacity management here:
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Bramble Corp. receives $360,000 when it issues a $360,000, 8%, mortgage note payable to finance the construction of a building at December 31, 2020. The terms provide for annual installment payments of $60,000 on December 31. Prepare the journal entries to record the mortgage loan and the first two payments.
Answer:
The First Payment occurs on 31 December 2021 as :
Mortgage Payable $31,200 (debit)
Interest Expense $28,800 (debit)
Cash $60,000 (credit)
The Second Payment occurs on 31 December 2022 as :
Mortgage Payable $33,696 (debit)
Interest Expense $26,304 (debit)
Cash $60,000 (credit)
Explanation:
First prepare an amortization schedule using the following data concerning the mortgage note :
Hint : Determine the number of years, N of this bond.
PV = $360,000
PMT = - $60,000
P/Yr = 1
r = 8 %
FV = 0
N = ?
The length of the bond, N is 8.4969 or 9 years
The First Payment occurs on 31 December 2021 as :
Mortgage Payable $31,200 (debit)
Interest Expense $28,800 (debit)
Cash $60,000 (credit)
The Second Payment occurs on 31 December 2022 as :
Mortgage Payable $33,696 (debit)
Interest Expense $26,304 (debit)
Cash $60,000 (credit)
A producer can produce a product at a variable cost per unit of $7. The producer can sell the product for $10 each. If the fixed cost is $60,000.
Required:
a. How many units must the producer sell to break-even?
b. What is revenue at 35,000 units?
c. What is total cost at 35,000 units?
d. How many units must the producer sell in order to earn a profit of $60,000?
Answer:
a.
Break even in units = 20000 units
b.
Revenue at 35000 units = $350000
c.
Total cost (35000 units) = $305000
d.
Units required for target profit = 40000 units
Explanation:
a.
The break even in units is the number of units that must be sold in order to earn enough total revenue as to cover total costs. The break even in units can be calculated as follows,
Break even in units = Fixed cost / Contribution margin per unit
Where,
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = 10 - 7 =$3
Break even in units = 60000 / 3
Break even in units = 20000 units
b.
Revenue = Price * Quantity
Revenue at 35000 units = 10 * 35000
Revenue at 35000 units = $350000
c.
Total cost = Variable cost + Fixed cost
Total cost (35000 units) = 7 * 35000 + 60000
Total cost (35000 units) = $305000
d.
To calculate the units required to earn a target profit, we simply add the target profit amount to the fixed costs in the break even in units equation.
Thus, the number of units required to earn a target profit of $60000 is,
Units required for target profit = (60000 + 60000) / 3
Units required for target profit = 40000 units
Sales, Production, Direct Materials Purchases, and Direct Labor Cost Budgets The budget director of Gourmet Grill Company requests estimates of sales, production, and other operating data from the various administrative units every month. Selected information concerning sales and production for July is summarized as follows:
A. Estimated sales for July by sales territory:
Maine:
Backyard Chef 310 units at $700 per unit
Master Chef 150 units at $1,200 per unit
Vermont:
Backyard Chef 240 units at $750 per unit
Master Chef 110 units at $1,300 per unit
New Hampshire:
Backyard Chef 360 units at $750 per unit
Master Chef 180 units at $1,400 per unit
B. Estimated inventories at July 1:
Direct materials:
Grates 290 units
Stainless steel 1,500 lbs.
Burner subassemblies 170 units
Shelves 340 units
Finished products:
Backyard Chef 30 units
Master Chef 32 units
C. Desired inventories at July 31:
Direct materials:
Grates 340 units
Stainless steel 1,800 lbs.
Burner subassemblies 155 units
Shelves 315 units
Finished products:
Backyard Chef 40 units
Master Chef 22 units
D. Direct materials used in production:
In manufacture of Backyard Chef:
Grates 3 units per unit of product
Stainless steel 24 lbs. per unit of product
Burner subassemblies 2 units per unit of product
Shelves 4 units per unit of product
In manufacture of Master Chef:
Grates 6 units per unit of product
Stainless steel 42 lbs. per unit of product
Burner subassemblies 4 units per unit of product
Shelves 5 units per unit of product
E. Anticipated purchase price for direct materials:
Grates $15 per unit
Stainless steel $6 per lb.
Burner subassemblies $110 per unit
Shelves $10 per unit
F. Direct labor requirements:
Backyard Chef:
Stamping Department 0.50 hr. at $17 per hr.
Forming Department 0.60 hr. at $15 per hr.
Assembly Department 1.00 hr. at $14 per hr.
Master Chef:
Stamping Department 0.60 hr. at $17 per hr.
Forming Department 0.80 hr. at $15 per hr.
Assembly Department 1.50 hrs. at $14 per hr.
Required:
1. Prepare a sales budget for July. Gourmet Grill Company Sales Budget For the Month Ending July 31 Product and Area Unit Sales Volume Unit Selling Price Total Sales Backyard Chef: Maine 310 700 217,000 Vermont 240 750 180,000 New Hampshire 360 750 270,000 Total 910 667,000 Master Chef: Maine 150 1,200 180,000 Vermont 110 1,300 143,000 New Hampshire 180 1,400 252,000 Total 440 575,000 Total revenue from sales 1,242,000
2. Prepare a production budget for July. For those boxes in which you must enter subtracted or negative numbers use a minus sign. Gourmet Grill Company Production Budget For the Month Ending July 31 Units Backyard Chef Master Chef Expected units to be sold 910 440 Desired inventory, July 31 40 22 Total units available 950 462 Estimated inventory, July 1 -30 -32 Total units to be produced 920 430
3. Prepare a direct materials purchases budget for July.
Gourmet Grill Company
Direct Labor Cost Budget
For the Month Ending July 31
Stamping Department
Forming Department
Assembly Department
Total Hours required for production:
Backyard Chef
Master Chef
Total Hourly rate
Total direct labor cost
Answer:
Gourmet Grill Company
1. Sales Budget For the Month Ending July 31
Product Area Unit Sales Unit Selling Total
Volume Price Sales
Backyard Chef: Maine 310 $700 $217,000
Vermont 240 750 180,000
New Hampshire 360 750 270,000
Total 910 667,000
Master Chef: Maine 150 1,200 180,000
Vermont 110 1,300 143,000
New Hampshire 180 1,400 252,000
Total 440 575,000
Total revenue from sales $1,242,000
2. Gourmet Grill Company Production Budget For the Month Ending July 31 Units
Units Backyard Chef Master Chef Total
Expected units to be sold 910 440 1,350
Desired inventory, July 31 40 22 62
Total units available 950 462 1,412
Estimated inventory, July 1 -30 -32 62
Total units to be produced 920 430 1,350
3. Gourmet Grill Company
Direct Labor Cost Budget
For the Month Ending July 31
Stamping Forming Assembly
Units Department Department Department
Backyard Chef 920 460 hrs 552 hrs 920 hrs Master Chef 430 258 hrs 344 hrs 645 hrs
Total Hours required
for production: 718 hrs 896 hrs 1,565 hrs
Total Hourly rate $17 $15 $14
Total direct labor cost $12,206 $13,440 $21,910
Explanation:
1) Data:
A. Estimated sales for July by sales territory:
Maine:
Backyard Chef 310 units at $700 per unit
Master Chef 150 units at $1,200 per unit
Vermont:
Backyard Chef 240 units at $750 per unit
Master Chef 110 units at $1,300 per unit
New Hampshire:
Backyard Chef 360 units at $750 per unit
Master Chef 180 units at $1,400 per unit
B. Estimated inventories at July 1:
Direct materials:
Grates 290 units
Stainless steel 1,500 lbs.
Burner subassemblies 170 units
Shelves 340 units
Finished products:
Backyard Chef 30 units
Master Chef 32 units
C. Desired inventories at July 31:
Direct materials:
Grates 340 units
Stainless steel 1,800 lbs.
Burner subassemblies 155 units
Shelves 315 units
Finished products:
Backyard Chef 40 units
Master Chef 22 units
D. Direct materials used in production:
In manufacture of Backyard Chef:
Grates 3 units per unit of product
Stainless steel 24 lbs. per unit of product
Burner subassemblies 2 units per unit of product
Shelves 4 units per unit of product
In manufacture of Master Chef:
Grates 6 units per unit of product
Stainless steel 42 lbs. per unit of product
Burner subassemblies 4 units per unit of product
Shelves 5 units per unit of product
E. Anticipated purchase price for direct materials:
Grates $15 per unit
Stainless steel $6 per lb.
Burner subassemblies $110 per unit
Shelves $10 per unit
F. Direct labor requirements:
Backyard Chef:
Stamping Department 0.50 hr. at $17 per hr.
Forming Department 0.60 hr. at $15 per hr.
Assembly Department 1.00 hr. at $14 per hr.
Master Chef:
Stamping Department 0.60 hr. at $17 per hr.
Forming Department 0.80 hr. at $15 per hr.
Assembly Department 1.50 hrs. at $14 per hr.
b) Calculations:
Stamping Forming Assembly
Units Department Department Department
Backyard Chef 1 0.50 hr 0.60 hr 1.00 hr
Total hours required 920 460 hrs 552 hrs 920 hrs
Master Chef 1 0.60 hr 0.80 hr 1.50 hrs
Total hours required 430 258 hrs 344 hrs 645 hrs
Total Hours required
for production: 718 hrs 896 hrs 1,565 hrs
c) Gourmet Grill Company's Sales, Production, and Direct Labor Budgets for July detail the sales units under different product categories and areas. They will guide the management of Gourmet Grill company to make relevant decisions with regard to inventories, production, and sales volume that must be achieved in order to realize the budgets and attin company's objectives. They are very essential in planning, decision making, and control. Based on these budgets, performances will be reviewed, analyzed, and accordingly rewarded.
The Atlantic Division of Stark Productions Company reported the following results for 2019:
Sales $4,000,000
Variable costs 3,200,000
Controllable fixed costs 300,000
Average operating assets 2,500,000
Management is considering the following independent alternative courses of action in 2020 in order to maximize the return on investment for the division.
1. Reduce controllable fixed costs by 10% with no change in sales or variable costs.
2. Reduce average operating assets by 10% with no change in controllable margin.
3. Increase sales $500,000 with no change in the contribution margin percentage.
Compute the return on investment for 2019.
Answer:
The Atlantic Division of Stark Productions Company
Return on Investment = Net Income/Average operating assets x 100
1. Reduced controllable fixed costs by 10% with no change in sales or variable costs:
Net Income = $530,000 ($500,000 + 30,000)
Return on investment = $530,000/$2,500,000 x 100
= 21.2%
2. Reduced average operating assets by 10% with no change in controllable margin:
Net Income = $500,000 and average operating assets = $2,250,000
Return on Investment = $500,000/$2,250,000 x 100
= 22.22%
3. Increased sales to $4,500,000 with no change in the contribution margin percentage:
Sales $4,500,000
Variable costs 3,600,000
Contribution $900,000
Controllable fixed costs 300,000
Net operating income $600,000
Average operating assets 2,500,000
Return on Investment = $600,000/$2,500,000 x 100
= 24%
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Sales $4,000,000
Variable costs 3,200,000
Contribution $800,000
Controllable fixed costs 300,000
Net operating income $500,000
Average operating assets 2,500,000
Return on investment = Net Income/Average operating assets x 100 = $500,000/$2,500,000 x 100 = 20%
Contribution margin ratio = $800,000/$4,000,000 x 100 = 20%
The Atlantic Division's Return on Investment, as a performance measure, evaluates the efficiency of the investment in Atlantic Division. This ratio is obtained by dividing the returns or benefits of the investment by the cost of the investment, and then multiplying by 100.
