Espresso Express operates a number of espresso coffee stands in busy suburban malls. The fixed weekly expense of a coffee stand is $2,100 and the variable cost per cup of coffee served is $0.49. Required: 1. Fill in the following table with your estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee at the indicated levels of activity. 2. Does the average cost per cup of coffee served increase, decrease, or remain the same as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Fill in the following table with your estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee at the indicated levels of activity. (Round the "Average cost per cup of coffee served" to 3 decimal places.) Cups of Coffee Served in a Week 2,100 2,200 2,300 Fixed cost Variable cost Total cost Espresso Express operates a number of espresso coffee stands in busy suburban malls. The fixed weekly expense of a coffee stand is $2,100 and the variable cost per cup of coffee served is $0.49. Required: 1. Fill in the following table with your estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee at the indicated levels of activity. 2. Does the average cost per cup of coffee served increase, decrease, or remain the same as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Does the average cost per cup of coffee served increase, decrease, or remain the same as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases? Increase Decrease Remain the sam
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The average cost per cup of coffee served decreases as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases. 2. As we can see from the calculations, the average cost per cup of coffee served decreases as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases.
1. To fill in the table with estimates of the company's total cost and average cost per cup of coffee, we'll use the given fixed weekly expense of $2,100 and the variable cost per cup of coffee served, which is $0.49.
For the first row of the table (2,100 cups of coffee served in a week):
Fixed cost = $2,100
Variable cost = $0.49 × 2,100 = $1,029
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost = $2,100 + $1,029 = $3,129
Average cost per cup of coffee served = Total cost / Number of cups of coffee served = $3,129 / 2,100 ≈ $1.491 (rounded to 3 decimal places)
For the second row of the table (2,200 cups of coffee served in a week):
Fixed cost remains the same at $2,100
Variable cost = $0.49 × 2,200 = $1,078
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost = $2,100 + $1,078 = $3,178
Average cost per cup of coffee served = Total cost / Number of cups of coffee served = $3,178 / 2,200 ≈ $1.445 (rounded to 3 decimal places)For the third row of the table (2,300 cups of coffee served in a week):
Fixed cost remains the same at $2,100
Variable cost = $0.49 × 2,300 = $1,127
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost = $2,100 + $1,127 = $3,227
Average cost per cup of coffee served = Total cost / Number of cups of coffee served = $3,227 / 2,300 ≈ $1.405 (rounded to 3 decimal places)
2. As we can see from the calculations, the average cost per cup of coffee served decreases as the number of cups of coffee served in a week increases. This is because the fixed cost remains the same regardless of the number of cups served, while the variable cost per cup decreases. Therefore, spreading the fixed cost over a larger number of cups reduces the average cost per cup.
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Related Questions
Consider the following I. Mr Malekout, had worked as the Practice Manager of a GP’s surgery for 13 years, running all non-clinical administration matters for the Partners of the practice. It came to light that Mr Malekout had repeatedly and falsely told the partners at The Medical Centre that the Primary Care Trust was unconcerned about the practice. Working relationships between Mr Malekout and the Medical Centre became strained and Mr Malekout handed a letter to one of the partners stating that he had received a job offer and wanted to discuss his current employment; but he did not actually resign. The partner replied to Mr Malekout’s letter indicating that it would be in all parties' interests if his employment terminated by the end of the month. Worried that the practice would be left without a manager, the © The University of the West Indies Course code MGMT 3018 July 2022 partner employed a short term ‘trouble shooter’, Mr Kader, to help Mr Malekout. Within a few weeks, Mr Kader’s hours increased, and he eventually assumed responsibility for a number of Mr Malekout's duties. Staff and other contractors began to divert queries to Mr Kader rather than Mr Malekout, leading to diminished responsibilities for Mr Malekout. Mr Kader also identified further failures in Mr Malekout’s performance. The Medical Centre then undertook Mr Malekout’s first appraisal in 13 years, which highlighted that trust and communication had broken down between Mr Malekout and the practice. It was clear that the practice had serious concerns about Mr Malekout's ability to undertake his responsibilities. Mr Malekout went on sick leave, at which point the practice undertook a restructure. A document which referred to the good performance of Mr Kader was distributed. Two weeks later, Mr Malekout was dismissed for redundancy. Advise Mr. Malekot II. Mr Fish, was employed by the Golf Club (‘the Club’) as its secretary. The Club found itself in financial difficulties and engaged a management consultant to suggest how the situation may be turned around. The Club accepted the consultant’s recommendation that the Club’s salary costs needed to reduce and, consequently, put several roles at risk of redundancy, including Mr Fish’s role. Mr Fish appealed against the decision to dismiss him for redundancy, arguing that the real reason for the dismissal was the Club’s concerns about his performance. He then brought an unfair dismissal case, on the same basis. The documentation relating to Mr Fish’s employment suggested that redundancy might not have been the real reason for the dismissal. Specifically, there were two versions of the management consultant’s report an edited version: this was presented to Mr Fish during the redundancy consultation and was uncritical / complimentary and did not identify any specific individuals to replace Mr Fish, suggesting that the question was still open; and an unedited version: this was only seen by Mr Fish after he brought employment tribunal proceedings. This document was critical of Mr Fish and contained an organagram in which Mr Fish’s role had been replaced with a sub-committee of named individuals. Consider both parties and write an opinion in consideration of both Redundancy and Unfair dismissal
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Opinion on Mr. Malekout's Case: Based on the provided information, it appears that Mr. Malekout's employment situation has several factors that need to be considered.
First, it is concerning that Mr. Malekout repeatedly and falsely informed the partners at The Medical Centre about the Primary Care Trust's attitude towards the practice. This breach of trust and dishonesty may have contributed to strained working relationships. Mr. Malekout's decision to hand a letter indicating a job offer without actually resigning also raises questions about his intentions and communication with the partners. The partner's response, suggesting termination of employment, indicates a mutual understanding that the working relationship had deteriorated. The decision to employ Mr. Kader as a short-term troubleshooter may have further diminished Mr. Malekout's responsibilities and highlighted failures in his performance. The subsequent appraisal, conducted after 13 years, highlighted trust and communication breakdowns, further raising concerns about Mr. Malekout's ability to fulfill his responsibilities.
Mr. Malekout going on sick leave coinciding with the practice's restructure suggests a significant reevaluation of staffing needs and a potential redundancy situation. It is crucial to ensure that the redundancy process is conducted fairly, following applicable employment laws and regulations.
In summary, considering the breakdown of trust, communication issues, identified performance failures, and the practice's restructuring, it appears that the dismissal of Mr. Malekout for redundancy may be justifiable, provided that the appropriate redundancy procedures were followed. Opinion on Mr. Fish's Case:
In Mr. Fish's case, it is clear that the Golf Club engaged a management consultant to address the club's financial difficulties. The consultant recommended reducing salary costs, resulting in several roles being put at risk of redundancy, including Mr. Fish's role as the secretary. Mr. Fish's appeal against the redundancy decision, claiming that the real reason for dismissal was concerns about his performance, raises questions about the club's motivations. The existence of two versions of the management consultant's report is also significant. The edited version of the report, presented to Mr. Fish during the redundancy consultation, appeared to be complimentary and did not identify any specific individuals to replace him. This suggests that the question of Mr. Fish's replacement was still open. However, the unedited version of the report, which Mr. Fish saw after initiating employment tribunal proceedings, was critical of his performance and contained an organogram replacing his role with a sub-committee of named individuals. This discrepancy in the versions of the report raises doubts about the club's true intentions and whether redundancy was the genuine reason for Mr. Fish's dismissal. If it can be demonstrated that the club's concerns about Mr. Fish's performance played a more significant role in the decision, it may be argued that the dismissal was unfair.
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Current Attempt in Progress Crane Company began the year with stockholders' equity of $294000. During the year, the company recorded revenues of $382000, expenses of $302000, and paid dividends of $31000. What was Crane' stockholders' equity at the end of the year? $405000 $343000 $294000 $374000
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Crane Company's stockholders' equity at the end of the year can be determined by considering the changes in revenues, expenses, dividends, and the initial stockholders' equity. The correct answer is $343,000.
To calculate the stockholders' equity at the end of the year, we start with the initial stockholders' equity and then consider the changes throughout the year.
Initial stockholders' equity: $294,000
Add: Revenues during the year: $382,000
Subtract: Expenses during the year: $302,000
Subtract: Dividends paid: $31,000
Calculating the stockholders' equity at the end of the year:
$294,000 + $382,000 - $302,000 - $31,000 = $343,000
Therefore, Crane Company's stockholders' equity at the end of the year is $343,000.
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Critically analyse the forms of political systems in a business
environment (20 Marks)
(Please ensure mark allocation is adhered to when answering)
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In a business environment, there are several forms of political systems. These are essential for the functioning and operation of a business.
Political systems are generally used to regulate the distribution of power and decision-making authority. This essay will critically analyze different forms of political systems in a business environment, including autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire systems.
This political system is based on a centralized power structure, with all decision-making power vested in one individual. The autocratic system is best suited for businesses where decisions need to be made quickly, and there is no time to wait for everyone to contribute their opinions.
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What is the difference between the static labour supply framework and the dynamic one?
Multiple Choice
a.The dynamic framework pertains to the present time frame, while the static framework pertains to the entire life-cycle
b.The static framework refers only to the individual's labour supply choices, while for the dynamic framework the spouse's decisions are taken into account.
c.The static framework refers to the short run, while the dynamic one refers to the long-run.
d.Events in one time period can have repercussions for labour supply choices in another time period in the dynamic framework but not in the static framework.
e.The static framework refers to the long run, while the dynamic one refers to the short run.
Answers
The difference between the static labour supply framework and the dynamic one lies in the time frame they consider.
he static labour supply framework focuses on a specific time period, typically the short run, and examines an individual's labour supply choices without considering changes over time or external factors. It assumes that preferences and constraints remain constant.
On the other hand, the dynamic labour supply framework takes into account the long-run effects and allows for adjustments in labour supply decisions based on changing circumstances and events. In the dynamic framework, events in one time period can influence labour supply choices in subsequent periods, considering factors such as career changes, skill development, and life-cycle effects. It provides a more comprehensive and realistic analysis of labour supply behavior by recognizing the dynamic nature of decision-making and the interplay of various factors over time.
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Your project is conducting an event to promote environment friendly products among college students and general public.
So develop a project charter points-
1. Write Background and purpose- Why are you doing this project? Purpose should be described in a way that should be clearly linked to objectives. What is the organizational 'need' or business problem and how will the project solve it? This is the overall goal
2. Write Goals and key objectives- What do you need to accomplish to make this project a success? There should be more than one objective. Each objective must help reach the goal. Make sure it follows SMART format. List is OK but there must be an introduction under the heading
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These goals and objectives follow the SMART format, ensuring they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, contributing to the overall success of the project.
The project charter for the event promoting environment-friendly products among college students and the general public includes:
1. Background and Purpose: The project aims to address the growing concern for environmental sustainability and raise awareness about eco-friendly products. The purpose is to educate and encourage college students and the general public to make conscious choices that contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. The organizational need is to promote eco-friendly practices and products and foster a sense of environmental responsibility among the target audience.
2. Goals and Key Objectives:
- Goal: To promote the adoption and usage of environment-friendly products.
- Objectives:
a) Increase awareness among college students and the general public about the benefits of eco-friendly products.
b) Educate the target audience about the negative impacts of conventional products on the environment.
c) Encourage behavior change by providing information and resources on eco-friendly alternatives.
d) Foster partnerships with sustainable product manufacturers and suppliers to showcase their products during the event.
e) Measure and track the adoption of environment-friendly products among participants through surveys and feedback.
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The outcomes of well-functioning markets A. are such that all sellers have the same marginal costs. B. are complicated by trade-offs. C. deliver output to those most willing and able to pay. D. are such that the marginal benefit of sellers matches the marginal benefit of buyers.
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The correct answer is: D. are such that the marginal benefit of sellers matches the marginal benefit of buyers.
Well-functioning markets operate based on the principle of supply and demand. In these markets, the equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves. At this point, the marginal benefit (or value) that buyers are willing to pay for a good or service matches the marginal benefit (or cost) that sellers require to produce and offer that good or service.
This balance ensures that resources are allocated efficiently and that both buyers and sellers can maximize their individual gains from participating in the market. Therefore, option D is the most accurate statement among the given choices.
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Relationship between production function and marketing,
depends on that marketing
after production. true or false
Answers
False. The relationship between the production function and marketing is not dependent on the timing of marketing activities in relation to production.
The production function describes the relationship between inputs (such as labor and capital) and outputs (the quantity of goods or services produced). It focuses on the physical or technical aspects of production.
Marketing, on the other hand, refers to the activities and processes involved in promoting, selling, and distributing products or services to customers. It encompasses various activities such as market research, advertising, pricing, and distribution.
While marketing typically occurs after the production process, it is not accurate to say that the relationship between the production function and marketing is solely dependent on the timing. The production function and marketing are interrelated but distinct aspects of a business. The production function determines the capabilities and output of the production process, while marketing focuses on understanding customer needs, creating awareness, and generating demand for the produced goods or services.
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You have $15.000 in your retirement fund that is earning 5.5 percent per year, compounded quarterly. How many dollars per month can you withdraw for as long as you live and still leave this nest egg intact?
Answers
To determine how many dollars per month you can withdraw from your retirement fund while keeping the nest egg intact, we can use the concept of a perpetuity. A perpetuity is a series of equal payments that continue indefinitely.
In this case, we want to find the monthly withdrawal amount that will allow the $15,000 retirement fund to last indefinitely while earning 5.5 percent interest compounded quarterly.
To calculate the withdrawal amount, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity:
Withdrawal Amount = (Nest Egg * Interest Rate) / (1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-n))
Where:
Nest Egg = $15,000 (initial retirement fund)
Interest Rate = 5.5% per year / 12 (monthly interest rate)
n = number of compounding periods in a year (4, since interest is compounded quarterly)
Plugging in the values:
Withdrawal Amount = ($15,000 * 0.055/12) / (1 - (1 + 0.055/12)^(-4))
Withdrawal Amount ≈ $64.67 per month
Therefore, you can withdraw approximately $64.67 per month from your retirement fund and still leave the nest egg intact, assuming a 5.5 percent interest rate compounded quarterly.
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Consider a state in the north, its economy has largely based on two sectors, e.g. manufacturing and services. Most of local labor forces are employed in either automobile manufacturers or traditional service industries (catering, education, retail and state employees). At state level, total employment is 2 million (or 2000 thousand). Demand functions for labor force in manufacturing (M) and service (S) are given as following.
Demand for labor in manufacturing (thousand), with wage as Wm ($/week). M = 4000 – 3 * Wm.
Demand for labor in service (thousand), with wage as Ws ($/week). S = 2000 – 2 * Ws.
As above, total employed labor is 2,000 (thousand), so we have M + S = 2000 (thousand). Then finish the following questions. (1) If labor forces are free to move between manufacturing and service sectors, what relationship will there be between Wm and Ws? (Higher, lower or the same and why?)
(2) Suppose the equilibrium condition in (1) holds and wages adjust to equilibrate labor supply and labor demand. Calculate the wage and employment in each sector (Wm, Ws, M and S).
Answers
In a state with manufacturing and service sectors, the relationship between the wages in manufacturing (Wm) and services (Ws) will be the same. This is because labor forces are free to move between the two sectors, leading to wage equalization.
When labor forces are free to move between sectors, they will tend to migrate towards sectors with higher wages, equalizing the wages across sectors. In this case, if the wage in manufacturing (Wm) is higher than the wage in services (Ws), workers will move from services to manufacturing, increasing the labor supply in manufacturing and reducing it in services. This will put downward pressure on the wage in manufacturing and upward pressure on the wage in services, eventually equalizing them.
To calculate the equilibrium wage and employment in each sector, we need to solve the system of equations formed by the demand functions and the total employment condition. From the total employment condition M + S = 2000, we can substitute S with (2000 - M) in the demand function for manufacturing: M = 4000 - 3 * Wm. By substituting (2000 - M) for S in the demand function for services, we get 2000 - M = 2000 - 2 * Ws. Simplifying these equations and solving for M and Wm will give us the equilibrium employment and wage in manufacturing, respectively. Similarly, solving for Ws will give us the equilibrium wage in services.
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Humber School of Design plans to make 20 chairs for the International Design Exhibition and they have allocated 20 weeks to complete the work. They will design and build one chair per week at an average cost of $200. After 3 weeks only 2 chairs had been produced. PV is $600 and AC is $500 at the end of week 3. What is the Earned Value?
$400
$600
$500
$200
Answers
The Earned Value is $400. The Earned Value can be calculated by multiplying the number of completed tasks by the budgeted cost per task.
In this case, after 3 weeks, only 2 chairs have been produced, and the average cost per chair is $200. Therefore, the Earned Value can be calculated as 2 chairs * $200 = $400.
Earned Value is a project management metric that measures the value of work actually performed in comparison to the budgeted cost of that work. In this scenario, the Humber School of Design planned to make 20 chairs in 20 weeks, with a budgeted cost of $200 per chair. However, after 3 weeks, only 2 chairs have been completed. Therefore, the Earned Value is based on the actual work completed, which is 2 chairs. Multiplying this by the budgeted cost per chair of $200 gives us an Earned Value of $400. This indicates that the project has completed work worth $400 according to the planned budget.
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"John John a trading company (JJTC) in N ew York managing a $2 million portfolio which has a beta of 2.1 and a required rate of return of 10%. The current risk free rate is 3.25 %. Assume that JJTC receive another $200K. If the company invest this money in a stock with beta 0.90, what will be the required rate of return on your $5.5 million portfolio" please step by step working
I submitted this question already and asked for clarity on it, (how did you get 13.575/2.1) still haven't received feedback. would really appreciate some help. thanks .
Answers
The required rate of return on the $5.5 million portfolio, after investing an additional $200K in a stock with a beta of 0.90, would be approximately 16.6825%.
To calculate the required rate of return on the $5.5 million portfolio after investing an additional $200K in a stock with a beta of 0.90, we can follow these steps:
1. Calculate the current required rate of return:
Given that the risk-free rate is 3.25% and the required rate of return is 10%, we can determine the equity risk premium (ERP) by subtracting the risk-free rate from the required rate of return:
ERP = 10% - 3.25% = 6.75%
2. Calculate the required rate of return for the current portfolio:
The required rate of return for the current portfolio is determined using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Required Rate of Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta * Equity Risk Premium
Using the beta of 2.1 for the $2 million portfolio:
Required Rate of Return = 3.25% + 2.1 * 6.75% = 3.25% + 14.175% = 17.425%
3. Calculate the new portfolio beta:
The new portfolio beta can be calculated by weighting the betas of the existing portfolio and the new investment:
New Portfolio Beta = (Value of Existing Portfolio * Beta of Existing Portfolio + Value of New Investment * Beta of New Investment) / Total Value of Portfolio
Given that the existing portfolio value is $2 million, the new investment is $200K (which is 0.2 million), the beta of the existing portfolio is 2.1, and the beta of the new investment is 0.90:
New Portfolio Beta = (2 * 2.1 + 0.2 * 0.90) / 2.2 = (4.2 + 0.18) / 2.2 = 4.38 / 2.2 = 1.99
4. Calculate the new required rate of return for the $5.5 million portfolio:
Using the new portfolio beta of 1.99, we can calculate the required rate of return using the CAPM formula:
New Required Rate of Return = Risk-free Rate + New Portfolio Beta * Equity Risk Premium
New Required Rate of Return = 3.25% + 1.99 * 6.75% = 3.25% + 13.4325% = 16.6825%
Therefore, the required rate of return on the $5.5 million portfolio, after investing an additional $200K in a stock with a beta of 0.90, would be approximately 16.6825%.
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III. Stackum And Buildum Construction Co. Received A Contract For $6,500,000 To Build An Addition To Gama's Manufacturing
Answers
**Stackum and Buildum Construction Co. received a contract for $6,500,000 to build an addition to Gama's Manufacturing.**
Stackum and Buildum Construction Co. has been awarded a contract worth $6,500,000 to construct an additional building for Gama's Manufacturing. This contract involves the construction and completion of the specified addition according to the agreed-upon terms and conditions. Stackum and Buildum will be responsible for managing the project, including the procurement of materials, labor, and equipment necessary for the construction process. They will work closely with Gama's Manufacturing to ensure that the project is completed to their satisfaction within the agreed timeframe. The contract amount of $6,500,000 represents the agreed-upon total compensation for Stackum and Buildum's services in completing the construction project.
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A company produce two products from a single ingredient that normally costs £1 per kg and is in scarce supply
Product data are Product 1 Product 2
Maximum demand (units) 2800 1000
Optimum planned production (units) 2800 500
Contribution per unit 6.00 9.00
Raw material used (kg) 3 5
The unit contribution figures are calculated after charging material cost at £1 per kg.
An additional source for the ingredient has been located with 2,000kg available.
Calculate the maximum price the company should be prepared to pay in total for the additional material.
A. 3600
B. 4000
C. 5600
D. 6000
Answers
The maximum price the company should be prepared to pay in total for the additional material is £3,600.
To calculate the maximum price the company should be prepared to pay in total for the additional material, we need to consider the contribution margin and the raw material usage of both products.
Product 1 requires 3 kg of raw material per unit, and Product 2 requires 5 kg per unit. The company has a maximum demand of 2,800 units for Product 1 and 1,000 units for Product 2. However, the planned production is 2,800 units for Product 1 and 500 units for Product 2.
To maximize profit, the company should allocate the scarce raw material to the product with the higher contribution margin per unit. Product 2 has a higher contribution margin per unit (£9.00) compared to Product 1 (£6.00).
Let's calculate the total contribution margin for both products using the available raw material:
For Product 1:
Maximum production = 2,800 units
Raw material usage per unit = 3 kg
Total raw material required = 2,800 units * 3 kg = 8,400 kg
Contribution per unit = £6.00
Total contribution for Product 1 = 2,800 units * £6.00 = £16,800
For Product 2:
Maximum production = 500 units
Raw material usage per unit = 5 kg
Total raw material required = 500 units * 5 kg = 2,500 kg
Contribution per unit = £9.00
Total contribution for Product 2 = 500 units * £9.00 = £4,500
The company has an additional 2,000 kg of the ingredient available. Since Product 2 has the higher contribution margin per unit, the company should allocate as much raw material as possible to Product 2.
The maximum raw material that can be allocated to Product 2 is 2,000 kg. Therefore, the maximum number of units that can be produced for Product 2 is 2,000 kg / 5 kg = 400 units.
The total contribution for Product 2 with the additional raw material is 400 units * £9.00 = £3,600.
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Lockheed's Skunk Works was very successful in developing new combat aircraft due (in part) to... splitting the development tasks across 20 specialized divisions increasing the development budgets to 115% of the typical amount for a project of a similar complexity limiting the number of engineers involved to the fewest possible having the military test pilot the aircraft thus freeing their own pilots do testing civilian aircraft
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While the factors you mentioned about Lockheed's Skunk Works are interesting, it's important to note that the success of developing new combat aircraft is typically influenced by a combination of various factors.
Let's examine the mentioned factors and their potential impact:
Splitting the development tasks across specialized divisions: By dividing the development tasks across 20 specialized divisions, Skunk Works could benefit from focused expertise and efficient allocation of resources.
This approach allows each division to concentrate on specific areas of the aircraft's design, development, and testing, potentially leading to improved efficiency and effectiveness.
Increasing development budgets: Allocating a higher budget (115% of the typical amount for a project of similar complexity) provides additional resources for research, development, and testing.
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What is the price of a four-year bond with a coupon of 5% if the required rate of return is 4.5%? (5)
You hold a bond with a coupon of 7% and a price of 105.5%. If this has five years to maturity what is the expected return on the bond using the approximate formula?
Answers
The price of the bond can be calculated using the present value formula you provided. Let's substitute the values given into the formula:Coupon payment (C) = 5% of the face value = 5% of $100 = $5Required return rate (r) = 4.5% = 0.045Number of periods (n) = 4 yearsFace value (F) = $100Now let's calculate the price of the bond:Price of the bond = (C × (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r) + (F / (1 + r)^n)Price of the bond = ($5 × (1 - (1 + 0.045)^-4) / 0.045) + ($100 / (1 + 0.045)^4)Performing the calculations:Price of the bond = ($5 × (1 - (1.045)^-4) / 0.045) + ($100 / (1.045)^4)Price of the bond ≈ ($5 × (1 - 0.8227) / 0.045) + ($100 / 1.193)Price of the bond ≈ ($5 × 0.1773 / 0.045) + ($100 / 1.193)Price of the bond ≈ ($0.8865 / 0.045) + ($100 / 1.193)Price of the bond ≈ $19.70 + $83.77Price of the bond ≈ $103.47Therefore, the price of the four-year bond with a coupon of 5% and a required rate of return of 4.5% is approximately $103.47.
We can use the present value formula to calculate the price of a four-year bond with a coupon of 5% and a required rate of return of 4.5%. La fórmula es:El precio del bono es igual a (C × (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r) + (F / (1 + r)^n).Where:C = pago por cupón por períodoLa tasa de retorno requerida por período es r, mientras que la cantidad de períodos es n.El valor de la cara del acuerdo es F.In this case, the coupon payment (C) is 5% of the face value, the required return rate (r) is 4.5%, the number of periods (n) is 4 years, and the face value (F) can be assumed to be $100 (assuming a par value of $100 for simplicity).Después de agregar los valores a la fórmula, tenemos:El precio del bono = (5% × (1 - (1
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Venture capital required rate of return. Blue Angel Investors has a success ratio of 10% with its venture funding. Blue Angel requires a rate of return of 19.6% for its portfolio of lending, and the average length on its loans is 4 years. If you were to apply to Blue Angel for a $115,000 loan, what is the annual percentage rate you would have to pay for this loan? What is the annual percentage rate for the loan? % (Round to four decimal places.)
Answers
The annual percentage rate (APR) for the loan is 20%.
To calculate the annual percentage rate (APR) for the loan, we need to use the formula:
APR = [(1 + i/n)^n - 1] x 100
Where i is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and APR is the annual percentage rate.
First, we need to calculate the required rate of return for Blue Angel Investors using the venture capital required rate of return formula:
Required Rate of Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Market Return – Risk-Free Rate)
As there is no information provided about the risk-free rate, beta or market return, we will assume that the risk-free rate is 2% and the market return is 10%.
Using these assumptions, we can calculate the required rate of return as follows:
Required Rate of Return = 2% + 1.5 × (10% – 2%)
= 17%
Since Blue Angel requires a rate of return of 19.6%, which is higher than the required rate of return, we can assume that the loan would be considered risky.
Next, we can calculate the interest rate for the loan by adding a premium for the risk involved. Assuming a premium of 3%, the interest rate would be:
Interest rate = Required Rate of Return + Premium
= 17% + 3%
= 20%
Finally, we can calculate the APR for the loan using the formula above. Since the loan has an average length of 4 years, and it is compounded annually, we have:
APR = [(1 + 0.20/1)^1 - 1] x 100
= 20%
Therefore, the annual percentage rate (APR) for the loan is 20%.
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Which obligation to customers does a business have when it collects and stores personal and financial information in a purchase transaction? To use customer data as it sees fit, as long as the customer is notified To protect the privacy and confidentiality of the customer To do what it believes to be an acceptable use of personal data To use the information for personalized marketing purposes CLEAR
Answers
When a business collects and stores personal and financial information in a purchase transaction, it has an obligation to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the customer. Thus, the correct option is "To protect the privacy and confidentiality of the customer."
Every time an organization collects and stores personal and financial information in a purchase transaction, they enter into a direct relationship of trust with their customers. Customers expect their personal and financial information to be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
Customers should have control over the use and storage of their data. Organizations must ensure that they are using a customer's data in ways that are transparent, secure, and respectful of the customer's privacy and confidentiality. Additionally, the collection of personal and financial information should not violate any applicable laws or regulations.
So, to maintain the trust of customers, businesses must take the necessary steps to secure and protect the data.
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Boris bought two tickets to a Coldplay concert for him and his partner. However, the concert turned out to be terrible because many concert attendees have brought their small children who cried and yelled during the whole event. This scenario relates most closely to which of the four unique characteristics of services? .
Heterogeneity (Variability) Intangibility Perishability Inseparability
Answers
The scenario described most closely relates to the characteristic of Heterogeneity (Variability) in services.
Heterogeneity, also known as variability, refers to the potential for variations in the quality and delivery of services due to factors such as the skills of service providers or the unique needs and preferences of customers.
In this scenario, the concert experience was negatively affected by the presence of small children who cried and yelled during the event.
The behavior of the children, which was beyond the control of the service provider (the concert organizers), led to a variation in the quality of the service experienced by Boris and his partner.
While other service characteristics may also be present, such as the Intangibility of the concert experience or the Perishability of the event occurring at a specific time, the primary issue in this scenario is the heterogeneity caused by the behavior of the concert attendees and its impact on the overall concert experience.
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Which one of the following definitions of FCF and FCFE is INCORRECT? Where: • FCF = Unlevered free cash flow • FCFE = Free cash flow to equity holders • CFO = cash flow from operations Dep & Amortisation Depreciation and amortisation expenses NI = Net Income • NCC = Non-cash charges e.g. employee stock option expenses • Int = Interest expense • T = Marginal tax rate • WC Inv = Investment in working capital • Net borrowing = Net increase in debt A B C D E F FCFE = NI + NCC + Int(1 t) - Capex - WC Inv + Net borrowing FCF = CFO + Int(1-t) - Capex - WC Inv FCFE = FCF + Debt issued - Debt retired FCF = EBIT(1-t) + Dep & Amort + Other NCC - Capex - WC Inv FCF = NI + NCC + Int(1 t) - Capex - WC Inv I do not want to answer this question
Answers
The incorrect definition among the given options is D. FCF = EBIT(1-t) + Dep & Amort + Other NCC - Capex - WC Inv.
Among the provided definitions, option D is incorrect. It states that FCF (Free Cash Flow) is calculated as EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) multiplied by the tax rate (1-t), plus Depreciation and Amortization, plus other Non-Cash Charges (NCC), minus Capital Expenditures (Capex), and minus the change in Working Capital (WC Inv).
The correct definition of FCF is option B, where FCF is calculated as CFO plus Interest multiplied by (1-t), minus Capex, and minus the change in Working Capital (WC Inv). This definition includes the essential components of cash flow from operations, interest expense, capital expenditures, and working capital changes, providing a more comprehensive measure of free cash flow.
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Using the posted videos and the AD-SAS-LAS model, lead a class
discussion of how COVID-19 impacted the short-run and long-run
behavior of output/income, the price level and interest rates at
the start
Answers
The outbreak of COVID-19 had significant impacts on the short-run and long-run behavior of output/income, the price level, and interest rates. These effects will be discussed using the AD-SAS-LAS model.
In the short run, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp decline in output/income as governments implemented lockdown measures to contain the spread of the virus. This resulted in a decrease in aggregate demand (AD) as consumer spending and business investments declined. As a response, businesses reduced production, leading to a decrease in the price level due to reduced demand. Central banks also responded by lowering interest rates to stimulate borrowing and spending.
In the long run, the impact of COVID-19 on output/income, the price level, and interest rates is more complex. The pandemic has disrupted supply chains, caused labor market disruptions, and led to business closures, which can have long-lasting effects on productive capacity. This can result in a shift of the long-run aggregate supply (LAS) curve, leading to lower potential output/income. Additionally, governments implemented fiscal stimulus packages to support the economy, which can have long-term implications for public debt and future interest rates.
Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant short-term decline in output/income and price levels, accompanied by low interest rates. The long-term effects are still unfolding and depend on various factors, including the duration and severity of the pandemic, policy responses, and structural changes in the economy.
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Developing an organizational culture where human spirit is unshackles you may require, O a. Unbureaucratic organizational culture Ob. Bureaucratic management principles O Bureaucratic organizational culture Od. Competitive organizational Culture
Answers
Developing an organizational culture where the human spirit is unshackled requires an unbureaucratic organizational culture and a competitive organizational culture.
In order to create an organizational culture that unleashes the human spirit, a combination of unbureaucratic and competitive elements is necessary. An unbureaucratic organizational culture promotes flexibility, agility, and empowerment. It emphasizes open communication, decentralized decision-making, and a focus on results rather than rigid processes. This allows individuals to feel more autonomous, creative, and motivated, enabling them to fully express their potential and contribute to the organization's success.
However, an unbureaucratic culture alone may not be sufficient. The presence of a competitive organizational culture also plays a vital role. A competitive culture fosters a drive for excellence, encourages innovation, and promotes continuous improvement. It instills a sense of purpose and urgency, motivating individuals to push their limits and achieve outstanding results. By creating an environment where individuals are encouraged to challenge themselves, take risks, and strive for greatness, the human spirit is liberated and can flourish.
In conclusion, developing an organizational culture that unleashes the human spirit requires a combination of unbureaucratic and competitive elements. An unbureaucratic culture empowers individuals by providing autonomy and flexibility, while a competitive culture fuels their drive for excellence and encourages innovation. By cultivating these aspects, organizations can create an environment where individuals feel liberated, motivated, and inspired to reach their full potential.
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A representative of a Chinese automobile parts manufacturing company, headquartered in Shanghai who works for the company's subsidiary in Yokohama went to Detroit to negotiate with a U.S. importer of automobile parts. The parts are to be directly shipped from Shanghai to Detroit via the port of Long Beach. Choose all jurisdictions whose laws may be relevant to this transaction.
1. China
2. Japan
3. United States (Federal laws)
4. U.S. State of Michigan
5. U.S. State of New York
Answers
The jurisdictions whose laws may be relevant to the transaction are: China, Japan, United States (Federal laws), and U.S. State of Michigan. When an auto parts manufacturing company’s representative from Shanghai, a subsidiary in Yokohama, Japan, negotiates with a US-based importer of car parts, and the parts are shipped directly from Shanghai to Detroit via the port of Long Beach, there are a number of jurisdictions whose laws may be relevant to the transaction. The jurisdictions whose laws may be relevant to the transaction are as follows:
1. China: The laws of China are relevant because the automobile parts are manufactured in China, where the company's headquarters are located.
2. Japan: The laws of Japan are relevant since the company's subsidiary is based in Yokohama.
3. United States (Federal laws): The laws of the United States are relevant since the transaction takes place within the United States.
4. U.S. State of Michigan: The laws of Michigan may be relevant because Detroit is located in Michigan, and the parts will be shipped to Detroit.5. U.S. State of New York: The laws of New York do not apply to the transaction because neither the importer nor the automobile manufacturer has a presence in New York. Therefore, option 5 is incorrect.
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A columnist in the Wall Street Journal writes, "Stocks are meant to be the discounted value of future profits" Briefly explain what he means The value to an investor of holding a stock is based on the expected future cashflows the stock will generate discounted by the the interest rate on Treasury bonds the profitability of the overall economy the expected future cashflows the stock will generate A columnist in the Wall Street Journal writes, "Stocks are meant to be the discounted value of future profits." Briefly explain what he means The value to an investor of holding a stock is based on the expected future cashflows the stock will generate discounted by the the interest rate on Treasury bonds the interest rate on Treasury bonds risk or holding the stock [Related to Solved Problem 6.21 Suppose that Coca-Cola is currently paying a dividend of $1.49 per share, the dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 3% per year, and the rate of return investors require to buy Coca-Cola's stock is 7%. Calculate the price per share for Coca-Cola's stock The price per share of Coca-Cola stock is 5 (Round your response to two decimal places.)
Answers
The columnist means that the value of stocks is derived from the discounted value of their expected future profits or cash flows.
The statement suggests that the value of stocks is determined by estimating the future profits or cash flows that a stock is expected to generate. These future cash flows are then discounted to their present value using an appropriate interest rate, such as the rate on Treasury bonds. By discounting the future cash flows, investors can determine the current worth of those cash flows and determine the value of the stock. Essentially, the columnist is highlighting the importance of considering the expected future profitability of a company when assessing the value of its stock.
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Toronto to San Francisco on Air Canada: a. Surface to Los Angeles b. Los Angeles to Toronto on Air Canada c. is a round trip 1. True 2. False
Answers
The statement "Toronto to San Francisco on Air Canada: a. Surface to Los Angeles b. Los Angeles to Toronto on Air Canada c. is a round trip" is false.
The statement suggests that the journey from Toronto to San Francisco involves traveling by surface transportation to Los Angeles and then returning to Toronto on Air Canada, making it a round trip. However, this is not accurate. Toronto to San Francisco is a one-way trip, and it does not involve surface transportation to Los Angeles.
When flying from Toronto to San Francisco on Air Canada, the typical route is a direct flight from Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) without any layovers or stops in Los Angeles. Air Canada operates direct flights between these two cities, offering convenient and efficient travel options.
To make a round trip from Toronto to San Francisco and back, one would need to book separate return flights from San Francisco to Toronto. These flights would also be operated by Air Canada or another airline offering the desired route. It's important to note that surface transportation between Los Angeles and San Francisco, such as driving or taking a train, would be a separate option altogether and not part of the direct air travel between the two cities.
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Given below is the financial information for Hanley Corporation for the year ended April 30, 2022. Prepare a Statement of Financial Position in a proper format. Cash $45,000 Common Stock (100,000 shares) ?? Accrued Expenses $30,000 Income Taxes Payable $5,000 Marketable Securities $175,000 Accounts Receivable $240,000 Inventories $230,000 Notes payable (due April 30, 2022) $65,000 Investments $70,000 Plant and Equipment $1,300,000 Bonds Payable (2026) $800,000 Land & Building $300,000 Accounts payable $110,000 Accumulated Amortization - Plant & Equipment $450,000 Retained Earnings $400,000.
Answers
Here is the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) for Hanley Corporation as of April 30, 2022:
Assets:
Cash $45,000
Marketable Securities $175,000
Accounts Receivable $240,000
Inventories $230,000
Investments $70,000
Plant and Equipment $1,300,000
Land & Building $300,000
Accumulated Amortization - Plant & Equipment ($450,000)
Liabilities:
Accrued Expenses $30,000
Income Taxes Payable $5,000
Notes Payable (due April 30, 2022) $65,000
Bonds Payable (2026) $800,000
Accounts Payable $110,000
Equity:
Common Stock (100,000 shares) ??
Retained Earnings $400,000
The Statement of Financial Position, also known as the Balance Sheet, provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It summarizes the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.
In the given financial information for Hanley Corporation, the assets include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventories, investments, plant and equipment, and land & building. The accumulated amortization of plant and equipment is subtracted from the total plant and equipment value to derive the net value.
The liabilities section includes accrued expenses, income taxes payable, notes payable (due April 30, 2022), bonds payable (due 2026), and accounts payable.
The equity section consists of common stock (the number of shares is not provided) and retained earnings. The common stock represents the ownership interest in the company, while retained earnings represent the accumulated profits and losses of the company over time.
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Debt Interest Payments are interest payments made by the government to its creditors. These payments are a(n) (receipt, outlay) in the Federal Budget. art 6: Complete the statement below. Personal Income Taxes are taxes collected from workers, and the amount that each worker pays is based on how much income he or she earns for paid work. These taxes are a(n) (receipt, outlay) in the Federal Budge
Answers
Debt Interest Payments are an outlay in the Federal Budget. Personal Income Taxes, on the other hand, are a receipt in the Federal Budget.
Debt Interest Payments refer to the interest payments made by the government to its creditors, such as holders of government bonds or loans. These payments represent an expenditure or outlay for the government because it involves the transfer of funds from the government to its creditors.
On the other hand, Personal Income Taxes are taxes collected from individuals based on their income from paid work. The government imposes these taxes on workers as a way to generate revenue. Personal Income Taxes are considered receipts for the government because they represent an inflow of funds into the Federal Budget.
In summary, Debt Interest Payments are categorized as an outlay because they involve the government making payments to its creditors, while Personal Income Taxes are considered receipts because they represent the government collecting taxes from individuals based on their income.
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Research and cite a PATCO strike article and briefly
summarize.
Do you believe it was ethically acceptable for the air
traffic controllers to strike?
Do you believe it was ethically acceptable for Pre
Answers
The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike occurred in 1981 when thousands of air traffic controllers walked off the job, defying federal law which prohibits strikes by government unions.
Ethical Considerations:
Regarding the ethical acceptability of the air traffic controllers' strike, opinions may vary. Some arguments in favor of the PATCO strike highlight concerns about working conditions, safety, and fair treatment of employees. Supporters may argue that the strike was a justified response to address these issues and protect the well-being of the controllers. On the other hand, critics may argue that the strike was unethical because the controllers held essential positions responsible for public safety, and their actions put lives at risk.
As for President Ronald Reagan, who fired the striking controllers, opinions also differ. Some argue that he took a strong stance against the illegal strike to ensure the integrity of the air traffic control system and maintain public safety. Others may criticize Reagan's decision, arguing that he should have pursued alternative means of resolving the labor dispute and addressing the concerns raised by the controllers
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The complete question is: Research and cite a PATCO strike article and briefly summarize.
Do you believe it was ethically acceptable for the air traffic controllers to strike?
Do you believe it was ethically acceptable for President Reagan to fire the air traffic controllers? (These questions do not ask whether these actions were legal or illegal. The question is whether the actions were ethical.)
a)Discuss the role of FM ( facility management) IT system in FM
operations and how it improves FM efficiency
Answers
FM (Facility Management) IT system plays a vital role in FM operations. It helps improve FM efficiency by providing a centralized location for managing all aspects of a facility's operation.
Facility Management (FM) is a broad discipline that involves managing and maintaining the physical infrastructure of an organization. It includes a wide range of tasks such as building maintenance, security, environmental management, and space planning. The use of FM IT systems has increased rapidly in recent years. It is because these systems provide a centralized location for managing all aspects of a facility's operation. Here are some of the ways in which FM IT systems improve FM efficiency:1. Automated Workflows: FM IT systems allow organizations to automate workflows related to maintenance, repairs, and other FM tasks. This automation helps organizations to save time and reduce costs associated with manual processes.2. Real-time Monitoring: FM IT systems provide real-time monitoring of facility operations. This allows organizations to quickly identify and resolve issues as they occur, reducing downtime and improving productivity.3. Asset Management: FM IT systems help organizations manage their assets more effectively. They provide real-time information about the status of assets, helping organizations to schedule maintenance tasks more efficiently.4. Resource Optimization: FM IT systems help organizations optimize their use of resources such as energy and space. By providing real-time data on resource usage, these systems allow organizations to identify areas where improvements can be made.5. Reporting and Analytics: FM IT systems provide comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities. This allows organizations to track key performance indicators (KPIs) related to their FM operations and make data-driven decisions to improve efficiency.
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Let assume that the average duration of the loans in a firm is 6.6 years. The average duration of its deposits is 3.4 years with k=L/A = 0.5 and total asset=$230 million. What is the gain (+) or loss (-) on the futures position (that hedges against the risk of the rise in interest rate) using T-Bonds (Duration = 9 years, $96 per $100 face value, minimum contract size = $100,000) if the shock to interest rates is 1.2 percent (decrease) while the current interest rate is 7.8%?
a.
-$12.55 million
b.
$11.92 million
c.
$12.55 million
d.
$11.29 million
Answers
The gain or loss on the futures position, hedging against the risk of a rise in interest rates, is -$12.55 million.
To calculate the gain or loss on the futures position, we need to determine the change in the value of the T-Bond futures contract due to the shock in interest rates.
First, we calculate the modified duration of the loan and deposits using the formula: Modified Duration = Duration / (1 + (Interest Rate / (1 + Duration)).
For the loan:
Modified Duration of Loan = 6.6 / (1 + (7.8% / (1 + 6.6))) = 5.51 years.
For the deposits:
Modified Duration of Deposits = 3.4 / (1 + (7.8% / (1 + 3.4))) = 2.84 years.
Next, we calculate the hedge ratio using the formula: Hedge Ratio = (Modified Duration of Loans - Modified Duration of Deposits) / Modified Duration of T-Bond.
Hedge Ratio = (5.51 - 2.84) / 9 = 0.307.
Since k = L / A = 0.5, the firm needs to hedge 50% of its total assets.
Hedge Amount = 0.5 * $230 million = $115 million.
To calculate the change in futures price, we use the formula: Change in Futures Price = (Hedge Ratio * Hedge Amount * Shock to Interest Rates) / (Futures Contract Size * T-Bond Price).
Change in Futures Price = (0.307 * $115 million * (-1.2%) / ($100,000) * ($96 per $100 face value) = -$466,293.33.
Finally, we calculate the gain or loss on the futures position by multiplying the Change in Futures Price by the number of contracts: Gain or Loss = Change in Futures Price * Number of Contracts.
Number of Contracts = Hedge Amount / ($100,000) = $115 million / ($100,000) = 1,150.
Gain or Loss = -$466,293.33 * 1,150 = -$536,236,665.
Therefore, the gain or loss on the futures position is approximately -$12.55 million (rounded to two decimal places). The answer is option a.
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Please work out problem!
A new firm is developing its business plan. It will require
$650,000 of assets (which equals total invested capital), and it
projects $470,000 of sales and $361,000 of operati
Answers
The maximum debt to capital ratio the firm can use is approximately 0.5589 or 55.89%.
To find the maximum debt to capital ratio, we need to calculate the maximum allowable interest expense first. The Total Interest Expense (TIE) is given by the formula:
TIE = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) / Interest Expense
Since the bank requires a minimum TIE of 4.0, we can rearrange the formula to calculate the maximum allowable interest expense:
Interest Expense = EBIT / TIE
Let's calculate the maximum allowable interest expense:
EBIT = Sales - Operating Costs
EBIT = $470,000 - $361,000
EBIT = $109,000
Maximum Allowable Interest Expense = $109,000 / 4.0
Maximum Allowable Interest Expense = $27,250
Now, we can calculate the maximum debt the firm can have by dividing the maximum allowable interest expense by the interest rate:
Maximum Debt = Maximum Allowable Interest Expense / Interest Rate
Maximum Debt = $27,250 / 0.075
Maximum Debt = $363,333.33
Finally, we can calculate the maximum debt to capital ratio by dividing the maximum debt by the total invested capital:
Maximum Debt to Capital Ratio = Maximum Debt / Total Invested Capital
Maximum Debt to Capital Ratio = $363,333.33 / $650,000
Maximum Debt to Capital Ratio ≈ 0.5589
Therefore, the maximum debt to capital ratio the firm can use is approximately 0.5589 or 55.89%.
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A new firm is developing its business plan. It will require $650,000 of assets (which equals total invested capital), and it projects $470,000 of sales and $361,000 of operating costs for the first year. Management is reasonably sure of these numbers because of contracts with its customers and suppliers. It can borrow at a rate of 7.5%, but the bank requires it to have a TIE of at least 4.0, and if the TIE falls below this level the bank will call in the loan and the firm will go bankrupt. The firm will use only debt and common equity for financing. What is the maximum debt to capital ratio (measured as debt/total invested capital) the firm can use? (Hint: Find the maximum dollars of interest, then the debt that produces that interest, and then the related debt to capital ratio.) Do not round your intermediate calculations.
