Key Points
Digested food is able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine through the process of diffusion.
The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares that project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi, which in turn have finger-like projections known as microvilli.
The function of the plicae circulares, the villi, and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients.
Each villus transports nutrients to a network of capillaries and fine lymphatic vessels called lacteals close to its surface.
Key Terms
villi: Tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall.
plicae circulares: These circular folds (known as the valves of Kerckring or the valvulae conniventes) are large, valvular flaps that project into the lumen of the bowel.
diffusion: The act of diffusing or dispersing something, or the property of being diffused or dispersed; dispersion.The Small Intestine
The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine where much of the digestion of food takes place. The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients and minerals found in food.Digested nutrients pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through a process of diffusion. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue.
Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares—these are permanent features in the wall of the organ. They are distinct from the rugae, which are non-permanent features that allow for distention and contraction.
From the plicae circulares project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi (Latin for shaggy hair). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as microvilli. The function of the plicae circulares, the villi, and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients.
Each villus has a network of capillaries and fine lymphatic vessels called lacteals close to its surface. The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries ( amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids).
The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body where they are used to build complex substances, such as the proteins required by our body. The food that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine.
Can someone describe these:
Menstrual Phase
Follicular Phase
and Luteal phase
Thanks!!!
Answer:
(menstrual phase) this is the phase where the unfertilized ovum and endometrium that was formed in readiness for implantation slough off or come out due to a sudden drop in progesterone levels
(follicular phase) this is where the graafian follicle in the ovary develops. from primary follicles due to secretion of follicle stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland and matures there after due LH hormone which will also stimulate the ovary to release the ovum
(luteal phase)this is the phase after the ovum has been released where the remains of the ruptured graafian follicle undergo reorganization to form a corpus luteum/yellow body which now produces progesterone which causes thickening of endometrium in readiness for implantation
hope this helps
Answer:
The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. 2) The follicular phase is a phase of the estrous cycle during which follicles in the ovary nature from primary to a fully mature grafian follicle.It ends with ovulation.3) The luteal phase begins during the second half of a menstrual cycle normally lasting around 12 14 days after the ovulation and it is responsible for producing progesterone.
A mutation in human ATPase 6, which corresponds to E. coli subunit a, from leucine to arginine at position 156 may allow the movement of protons across the membrane, but not the rotation of the ring of c subunits. How might this possible mechanism affect the function of ATP synthase
Answer:
H+ protons will not be delivered from the cytoplasm towards the extracellular side of the cell membrane
Explanation:
ATP synthases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate bonds in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or the formation of ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate. The hydrolysis of ATP produces the rotation of a ring composed of six or more structurally different ATPase C subunits. The rotation of this ring enables the delivery of H+ protons towards the extracellular membrane surface and this gradient is used to generate energy by producing ATP. In consequence, when the ATPase ring can not move, H+ will accumulate in the cytoplasm, the proton gradient through the membrane will not occur, and ATP will not be produced.
Question What was the ratio of tall to short plants in the F2 generation of Mendel's experiments? A. 3:1 B. 2:1 O C. 1:1 D. 6:1
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer: 3:1
Explanation:
i got it right on the test
how do each of the following factors affect the productivity in this process of photosynthesis ? 1)Temperature 2) Water 3) carbondioxide
Answer:
without the right amount of temperature and water photosynthesis won't take place and without the presence of carbon dioxide...there is nothing like photosynthesis
Explanation:
1) Temperature- Above 28°C of temperature photosynthesis will not take place faster as necessary. At this temperature, the enzymes responsible for photosynthesis will not work efficient as needed . 2)Water and 3)Carbon Dioxide-Water and carbon dioxide are the reactants in Photosynthesis which means they are taken in to produce energy. Six molecules of water and six molecules of carbon dioxide are needed to break apart glucose and produce energy.
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Name 2 features/tools in Drive that makes it easy to collaborate on assignments?
Name some eco-friendly features you might look for while shopping for your first vehicle. Also, explain techniques you can use while driving any vehicle to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions
Answer:
Eco friendly features are the characteristics of a car which helps to prevent and reduce water, air and land pollution to the barest minimum.
These features include Emission Sensors, LED Lights, Hybrid Engines, Radar Alerts and Air Filtration Systems.
Techniques you can use while driving any vehicle to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions include driving conservatively, use of speed bumps and regular maintenance.
Some eco-friendly resources that you can look for when buying your first vehicle, that it is not powered by fossil fuels, so it can be powered by electricity or hybrid, with that, it is still necessary to continue using your car correctly so as not to emit other pollutants, to know more.....
Ecological carA hybrid ecological car, powered by solar energy and even electricity, brings numerous benefits to the environment. These vehicles are the ones that mix the use of electricity and fuel to move around. Generally, at low speeds, electricity is used as the main form of movement and gasoline only kicks in when high speeds are required.
The models powered by solar energy and electricity do not use fuel to move. The great advantage of this for the environment is the reduction in the emission of pollutants, such as CO2, which actively participates in the greenhouse effect and consequent global warming. With the use of ecological vehicles, our planet must become a better place to live.
With this information, we can conclude that choosing a car powered by renewable energy is the best option to choose, to maintain the ecological balance and health of the planet.
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what factors do you think determine the age of the universe
Scientists know that dinosaurs laid eggs because ?
Answer:
As far as we know, all dinosaurs reproduced by laying eggs, as do most other sauropsids (reptiles). It is very difficult to determine what species of dinosaur laid the eggs that have been discovered, because only a few dinosaur embryos have been found inside the fossil eggs.
Answer: They are the early age birds.
Explanation: Cavemen lived before us and there Neanderthol was born way before then.
brain is considered as the centre of all senses, why ?
Answer:
The answer is
Explanation:
Human brain is considered as the centre of all senses as it can control what we can do. Without our brains, we can't walk, hold things or even move a pencil. A brain has different parts which perform different functions in the body. Brain is considered to be the centre of all senses because of these following reasons.
Hope this helps....
Have a nice day!!!!
The human mind is the command center for the human anxious device. It receives signals from the body's sensory organs and outputs records to the muscle tissues.
wherein are senses located in the brain?Parietal lobe
It figures out the messages you get hold of from the 5 senses of sight, touch, odor, hearing, and taste. This part of the mind tells you what's a part of the frame and what is a part of the outside international.
Why is your mind vital?The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human frame. It controls and coordinates moves and reactions, allows us to suppose and feel, and allows us to have reminiscences and feelings—all the matters that make us human.
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Select the correct answer.
Which living organism processes nitrogen in the atmosphere and makes it available to other living forms in a usable form?
A.
bacteria
B.
plants
C.
humans
D.
animals
Reset Next
Answer: A. bacteria
Explanation: because we know that nitrogen fixingbacteria's fix as ammonia to made available for the plants
All of the following are protozoans except Mushrooms Amoebas Paramecium Euglena
Answer:
because they belong in the fungi kingdom
Explanation:
Answer:
Mushrooms
Explanation:
Mushrooms belong to the fungi kingdom
please help me .Is platypus a mammal or a bird
Answer:
Platypus is an mammal.
Explanation:
Because platypus cannot fly, and lays eggs. It does not live in nests, but in holes on the ground. The parents platypuses can have venom but the smaller ones do not have venom. This is why they are threatened by other animals.
Hope this helps....
Have a nice day!!!!
write five example of bodies which are at rest
Answer:
1. A person sitting on a chair.
2. Water in a bucket.
3. Bus without a driver.
4. Electric fan without electricity.
5.Car without engine.
An investigation is an example of_____.
A. inquiry
B. pseudoscience
C. the scientific method
D. bias
Answer:
C) the scientific method / Maybe A) depending on teacher..
Explanation:
A) inquiry - an act of asking for information.
B) pseudoscience - a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.
C) the scientific method - a method of investigation in which a problem is first identified and observations, experiments, or other relevant data are then used to construct or test hypotheses that purport to solve it.
D) bias - prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
find the LCM of two numbers if there product is 160 and hcf is 4.
Answer:
40
Explanation:
given
product of two numbers =160
hcf =4 we know that
hcf*LCM=product of the numbers
LCM*4=160
LCM=160/4
LCM=40
what type of cash crops have been genetically modified..... please help!!!!!
Answer:
Most food modifications have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton. Genetically modified crops have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and for better nutrient profiles.
Explanation:
What is the difference between geophysical and geochemical testing
Answer:Geochemistry is about the chemical connection with the earth. On the other hand, geophysics is concerned with the physical relation with the earth.
Explanation:
How do mutations affect the production of proteins in our bodies?
Answer:
By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition.How do earth's system interact to cycle organic matter? Write a statement that responds to the question HELP!
Answer:
Biosphere comprises all the living components of the Earth. It also includes organic matter that has not yet decayed.
Explanation:
A theory known as the ecosystem better explains the interaction of the biosphere with the other spheres.
You are conducting research into the effects of certain chemicals being dumped into lakes on the populations living in the lakes. Which of the following metrics is NOT used to measure populations? A. The growth rate of the population B. The density of the population C. The rate of food consumption of the population D. The size of the population
Answer:
B. The density of the population.
Explanation:
Which of these best matches an object in the solar system with its characteristic? (3 points)
O comet - orbits a planet
O meteor - a streak of light
O asteroid - has a tail
O planet - orbits the moon
Answer:
Meteor → a streak of light
Explanation:
Got it right on the test
A meteor is a streak of light.
What is a solar system?The sun and the group of celestial bodies that are bound by gravitational force form a solar system. It was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.
What is a comet?A comet is a relic covered with dust, rock, and ice. It was formed during the solar system's formation. They have a diameter ranging from a few miles to tens of miles.
What is an asteroid?They are either metallic or rocky bodies and do not have atmospheres. Asteroids come in a variety of sizes and forms.
What is a planet?Planets are massive astronomical bodies that are neither stars nor remains of stars. They have an orbit and there are 8 planets in our solar system.
What is a meteor?A meteor appears as a bright streak of light in the sky. It is a space rock that enters the earth's atmosphere. It is often known as a shooting star or falling star.
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What type of cell is prepared to live on its own
viral cell
unicellular cell
eukaryotic cell
multicellular
please answer the question below
Answer:
B. The pea flowers are pollinated at random.
Explanation:
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele and genotype frequencies will remain same in next generations without any evolutionary influence among a population.
If the pea flowers are pollinated at random, then the population will not follow Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because random pollination give rise to variation among the population as flower will pollinate randomly and allele and genotype frequencies varies showing both tall and recessive alleles.
Hence, the correct answer is "B".
Answer:
One pea plant pollinates more flowers than the others
explain what causes eclipses and how often they occur compare the two types of eclipses explain what causes moon phases describe each phase of the moon Big Ideas: Key Questions and Terms Notes Focus Question: What causes lunar and solar eclipses? Describe what causes a solar eclipse. Describe what causes a lunar eclipse. Why do lunar eclipses make the moon appear red in color? Draw an example of a lunar eclipse. Draw an example of a solar eclipse Focur Questions: What causes the phases of the moon? At any given time in space, how much of the moon is lit by the sun? Describe the appearance of the moon and its position during each phase: New moon: Waxing crescent moon: First quarter moon: Waxing gibbous moon: Full moon: Waning gibbous moon: Third quarter moon: Waning crescent moon: How are lunar phases different from eclipses? Eclipses Video: Key Questions and Terms Notes When the moon passes between the sun and Earth, it can create a __________ eclipse. When the disk of the moon masks the disk of the sun, it creates a _________ eclipse. ___________ eclipses occur when Earth passes between the sun and the moon. During a lunar eclipse, the moon turns dark ______ due to the deviation of the sun's rays caused by Earth's atmosphere. __________ eclipses occur more often and last longer.
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1) An eclipse takes place when one heavenly body such as a moon or planet moves into the shadow of another heavenly body. There are two types of eclipses on Earth:
An eclipse of the moon An eclipse of the sun.2) Most years have 4 eclipses, which is the minimum number of eclipses that take place in a year; 2 of these 4 eclipses are always solar eclipses. While rare, the maximum number of eclipses that can take place in a calendar year is 7.
3) Differences:-
Solar eclipses happen at new moon. Lunar eclipses happen at full moon.Solar eclipses are only visible from a narrow strip of land over which the Moon shadow passes. Lunar eclipses are visible from the whole nighttime hemisphere.Solar eclipses can be total, annular, hybrid or partial. Lunar eclipses can be total, partial and penumbral.Solar eclipses can only be safely be viewed with the naked eye during totality. Lunar eclipses can always be safely viewed with the naked eye.The Moon's surface can't be seen during a solar eclipse, but it can be during a lunar eclipse.4) Moon phases:
We only see the Moon because sunlight reflects back to us from its surface. During the course of a month, the Moon circles once around the Earth. If we could magically look down on our solar system, we would see that the half of the Moon facing the Sun is always lit. But the lit side does not always face the Earth! As the Moon circles the Earth, the amount of the lit side we see changes. These changes are known as the phases of the Moon and it repeats in a certain way over and over.
5) The moon moves in an orbit around Earth, and at the same time, Earth orbits the sun. Sometimes Earth moves between the sun and the moon. When this happens, Earth blocks the sunlight that normally is reflected by the moon. Instead of light hitting the moon’s surface, Earth's shadow falls on it. This is an eclipse of the moon -- a lunar eclipse.
Sometimes when the moon orbits Earth, it moves between the sun and Earth. When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun from reaching Earth. This causes an eclipse of the sun, or solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the moon casts a shadow onto Earth.
6) The moon can look red during a total lunar eclipse because of sunlight that's filtered and refracted by Earth's atmosphere.
7) 50% of the lunar surface is always illuminated by Sun. Because half of the moon surface is lit, rest we can't see.
8) When the moon passes between the sun and Earth, it can create a solar eclipse. When the disk of the moon masks the disk of the sun, it creates a total solar eclipse. Lunar eclipses occur when Earth passes between the sun and the moon. During a lunar eclipse, the moon turns dark red due to the deviation of the sun's rays caused by Earth's atmosphere. Lunar eclipses occur more often and last longer.
In the attachment:-Solar eclipse Lunar eclipse Phases of moon[tex] \large{ \bf{ \red{Phew \: !!}}}[/tex]
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Compared to its surroundings, the concentration of solutes is low inside a cell. So, the cell is in a
for its transport from the cell to its surroundings. This type of transport is called
solution. A particular solute in this cell uses energy
Reset
Next
Answer:
Passive transport.
Explanation:
Osmosis occurs in the cell which is a type of passive transport. Passive transport refers to the transfer of solutes from one place to another without the expenditure or use of energy. Osmosis refers to the transfer of solutes from outside the cell into inside the cell through a semipermeable membrane which allow solutes which are small in size. This process occurs only when the concentration of solute is different inside and outside of the cell. while active transport is a type of transport which transfer solutes from one place to another with the use of energy in the form of ATP.
The data collected from an experiment shows that as the temperature outside goes up, the number of swimmers at the local pool
goes up. This data shows a/an
Select one:
O a direct relationship
b. indirect relationship
c. inverse relationship
O d. no relationship
Answer:
The goal of disinfection of public water supplies is the elimination of the pathogens that are responsible for waterborne diseases. The transmission of diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, cholera, salmonellosis, and shigellosis can be controlled with treatments that substantially reduce the total number of viable microorganisms in the water.
While the concentration of organisms in drinking water after effective disinfection may be exceedingly small, sterilization (i.e., killing all the microbes present) is not attempted. Sterilization is not only impractical, it cannot be maintained in the distribution system. Assessment of the reduction in microbes that is sufficient to protect against the transmission of pathogens in water is discussed below.
Chlorination is the most widely used method for disinfecting water supplies in the United States. The near universal adoption of this method can be attributed to its convenience and to its highly satisfactory performance as a disinfectant, which has been established by decades of use. It has been so successful that freedom from epidemics of waterborne diseases is now virtually taken for granted. As stated in Drinking Water and Health (National Academy of Sciences, 1977), "chlorination is the standard of disinfection against which others are compared."
However, the discovery that chlorination can result in the formation of trihalomethanes (THM's) and other halogenated hydrocarbons has prompted the reexamination of available disinfection methodology to determine alternative agents or procedures (Morris, 1975).
The method of choice for disinfecting water for human consumption depends on a variety of factors (Symons et al., 1977). These include:
its efficacy against waterborne pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths);
the accuracy with which the process can be monitored and controlled;
its ability to produce a residual that provides an added measure of protection against possible posttreatment contamination resulting from faults in the distribution system;
the aesthetic quality of the treated water; and
the availability of the technology for the adoption of the method on the scale that is required for public water supplies.
Economic factors will also play a part in the final decision; however, this study is confined to a discussion of the five factors listed above as they apply to various disinfectants.
The propensity of various disinfection methods to produce by-products having effects on health (other than those relating to the control of infectious diseases) and the possibility of eliminating or avoiding these undesirable by-products are also important factors to be weighed when making the final decisions about overall suitability of methods to disinfect drinking water. The subcommittee has not attempted to deal with these problems since the chemistry of disinfectants in water and the toxicology of expected by-products have been studied by other subcommittees of the Safe Drinking Water Committee, whose reports appear in Chapter III of this volume (Chemistry) and Chapter IV (Toxicity) of Drinking Water and Health, Vol. 3.
Organization of the Study
The general considerations noted in the immediately following material should be borne in mind when considering each method of disinfection. Available information on the obvious major candidates for drinking water disinfection—chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine—is then evaluated for each method individually in the following sections. Other less obvious possibilities are also examined to see if they have been overlooked unjustly in previous studies or if it might be profitable to conduct further experimentation on them. Disinfection by chloramines is dealt with in parallel with that effected by chlorine because of the close relationship the former has to chlorine disinfection under conditions that might normally be encountered in drinking water treatment.
Proteins in the cell membrane have many functions. Which type of protein would be used for cell recognition and as a receptor? A. Pore proteins B. Endoplasmic proteins C. Glycoproteins D. Integral proteins
Answer:
C. glycoproteins
Explanation:
Glycoproteins are proteins containing glycans (oligosaccharide carbohydrates) attached to amino acid side chains. These oligosaccharides are attached to the amino acid chain by a posttranslational modification referred to as glycosylation, a modification generally found in extracellular regions. Glycosylation refers to the chemical reaction in which a glycosyl donor (i.e., the carbohydrate) is attached to a functional group in the protein. The glycosylation sites play distinct functional roles for both cell interactions and cell recognition. Moreover, glycosylation sites are also essential for substrate recognition by an enzyme. For example, secreted cytokines are glycosylated, which is required for their binding to receptors.
The pronghorn antelope resides in temperature grassland biomes of North America. Their primary predators in this region are wolves, coyotes, cougars, and bobcats. The reason pronghorn antelope are not found outside of North America is most likely that Group of answer choices
Answer:
The options are
A) there are too many pronghorn predators outside North America.
B) its temperature requirements are stringent and not met outside North America.
C) it is a relatively new species in evolutionary terms.
D) its nutritional requirements cannot be met outside this region.
E) it has never dispersed beyond this region.
The answer is E) it has never dispersed beyond this region.
The pronghorn antelope resides in temperature grassland biomes of North America. The reason pronghorn antelope are not found outside of North America is most likely that it has never dispersed beyond this region which could be due to the suitability of the environment to their survival.
Write a few sentences explaining whether the following theme from The Outsiders is universal: “People often struggle to fit in; they question the right way to live their lives.”
Sample Response: This theme is universal. It can apply to all people, and most people struggle with this question.
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism:
a. proteins are permanently denatured. membranes become too fluid for proper function.
b. hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken.
c. hydrogen bonds are broken and proteins are permanently denatured.
d. hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid.
Answer:
The correct answer is option d, that is, hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid.
Explanation:
The maximum growth temperature refers to the highest temperature at which growth can take place. Let us take an example of bacteria, it is found that each bacterial species possess a requirement of specific growth temperature, which is mainly determined by the requirement of the temperature of its enzymes. Each of the organism exhibits an optimum growth temperature, a minimum growth temperature, and a maximum growth temperature.
When for an organism, the temperature goes more than its maximum growth than it results in the dissociation of the hydrogen bonds, denaturation of the proteins, and even the membranes become too fluid. This can even result in the death of the species. However, there are some of the organisms, which can thrive high temperatures known as thermoduric organisms, but they fail to grow effectively at such temperatures.
