Gillette spent $300 million in advertising to introduce the MACH3 razor to consumers. Such expenditures are often made to stimulate __________ or desire for the product class, rather than for a specific brand, when there are no competitors with the same product.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Primary demand

Explanation:

Demand for a product may be influenced by the company's brand name or based on the demand influenced by the product category. When demand is based on a particular product category rather than for a particular brand type, then we refer to this as primary demand. In the scenario above, the Gillette MACH3 is a particular product produced by Gillette, and the $300 million spent on its advert is for the product rather than to promote the Gillette brand. Hence, this advert spending on the MACH3 which is a particular category of gillete's product is spent to stimulate primary demand of product.


Related Questions

_____________risk is the possible outcome that can occur when an organization or business unsuccessfully addresses its fiscal obligations.

Answers

Answer:

Financial Risk

Explanation:

Financial risk is the possibility of a negative consequence if a company or organisation fails to meet its financial commitments.

The chance of making a loss on an invest or business endeavour is referred to as financial risk. Financial risk is a form of threat that might cause interested parties to lose money. For governments, this may entail losing control of financial markets and defaulting on bonds or even other debt obligations.

Setting personal goals, peer evaluations, and parental involvement are all components of what type of instructions?

A.
concrete

B.
essential

C.
manipulative

D.
individualized

Answers

Concrete instructions is the term for setting personal goals, peer evaluations, and parental involvement.

What is concrete instructions?

This is type of instruction that is usually tailored by the teacher to meet the personal goals of the student.

In this type of instruction, the family of the student is usually involved and the peers of the students are all parts of the evaluation process.

Read more on concrete instructions here:https://brainly.com/question/14591988

Answer:

concrete

Explanation:

If the number of consumers in the market for good A decreases, what will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of good A?
a. The equilibrium price and quantity will both decrease.
b. The equilibrium price and quantity will both increase.
c. The equilibrium price will increase and equilibrium quantity will decrease.
d. The equilibrium price will decrease and equilibrium quantity will increase.

Answers

Answer:

A, The equilibrium price and quantity will both decrease.

Explanation:

The less consumers the lower the equilibrium price and quantity goes.

In a neoclassical economy, assume that the government lowers both government spending and taxes by $100 billion. If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, investment will: Group of answer choices rise by $100 billion. not change. rise by $40 billion. rise by $60 billion.

Answers

Answer:

rise by $40 billion

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what the investment will be

Investment=$100 billion*(100%-60%)

=$100 billion*40%

=$40 billion

Therefore the investment will rise by $40 billion

____________ involves a review of the sales, costs, and profit projections for a new product to find out whether they satisfy the company's objectives.

Answers

Answer:

Business analysis

Explanation:

A product can be defined as any physical object or material that typically satisfy and meets the demands, needs or wants of customers. Some examples of a product are mobile phones, television, microphone, microwave oven, bread, pencil, freezer, beverages, soft drinks, etc.

Business analysis refers to a strategic process that typically involves a review of the sales, costs, and profit projections for a new product in order to find out whether the product is in tandem with the objectives of the company.

This ultimately implies that, many organizations and business owners use business analysis to measure the level of satisfaction with respect to the company's objectives and its customers through the process of analyzing or reviewing the sales, costs and profits projection of its new products before pushing them out into the market.

Similarly, cost-volume-profit analysis is also known as the break even analysis, it is an important tool in predicting the volume of activity, the costs to be incurred, the sales to be made, and the profit to be earned is. It is used to determine how changes in differing levels of activities such as costs and volume affect a company's operating income and net income.

______ is a legal doctrine that requires employers to have a job-related reason for terminating employees, including violation of rules and poor performance.

Answers

Answer:

A wrongful discharge (dismissal)

Explanation:

An employee can be defined as an individual who is employed by an employer of labor to perform specific tasks, duties or functions in an organization.

Basically, an employee is saddled with the responsibility of providing specific services to the organization or company where he is currently employed while being paid a certain amount of money hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the contractual agreement between the two parties (employer and employee).

Hence, while an employer may be the owner of a business firm or company, an employee is a subordinate employed to provide unwavering services to the employer while also, being professional and diligent at all times.

A wrongful discharge (dismissal) refers to a legal doctrine that requires employers of labour to have a job-related and justifiable reason for the termination of an employee's contract, including violation of rules and poor performance by the employee.

Julie sets high goals for herself at work. She is more committed to reaching these goals than most employees. She is organized, works hard, and remains persistent in the face of obstacles to reaching her work goals. Julie would probably score high on a measure of

Answers

Answer:

conscientiousness.

Explanation:

A personality psychologist can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of studying the emotions, behaviors, motives, and thought patterns of individuals and how these psychological subsystems affects their lives. This ultimately implies that, personality psychologist are much more interested in studying the individual differences in humans in relation to their psychology.

Conscientiousness is one of the Big Five trait of personality, amongst other traits such as agreeableness neuroticism, extraversion and openness. They are used to access the personality of a living organism, especially human beings.

In this scenario, Julie would probably score high on a measure of conscientiousness because she possesses the following attributes or qualities; organized, works hard, persistent, committed, etc.

H2 O'Yeah has designed a water purification device that is drastically different and far superior to any product currently on the market. Although consumer response was positive to the idea of the new product, management wants to find out more before committing to full-scale production. The next step H2 O'Yeah's marketing department is likely to take is to Multiple Choice locate a low-cost production site. seek a joint venture with a larger competitor. test market the product among potential users. develop an advertising campaign to persuade consumers of the value of the new water purifier system.

Answers

Answer:

test market the product among potential users.

Explanation:

In the context, it is given that a water purification device manufacturing company, H2 O'Yeah had designed a purification device which is far more better and efficient than any other water purification device currently present in the market.

The customer response about the design of the new purification device was also positive. But before going for mass production of the device, the company, H2 O'Yeah wanted to find out more about the customer 's response and so they are going to test market the device among the potential customers and will take their feedbacks and advices before full scale production.

It is an efficient way for a successful development of a product and knowing about the feedback about the customers.

Therefore the correct answer is "test market the product among potential users."

The greater the risk associated with an investment, the greater is its _____. book value market appeal expected return price

Answers

Answer:

expected return

Explanation:

With the advent of cloud storage and other online storage tools, Micah's company is now able to save all the data it collects from internal sources, external sources, and marketing research studies. The company wasn't able to store all of this with its former database management system. What phenomenon is Micah's company experiencing

Answers

Answer:

big data

Explanation:

From the question we are informed about an instance whereby With the advent of cloud storage and other online storage tools, Micah's company is now able to save all the data it collects from internal sources, external sources, and marketing research studies. The company wasn't able to store all of this with its former database management system. In this case, the phenomenon Micah's company is experiencing is big data.

Big data can be regarded as phenomenon involving exponential growth of business data which is attributed to the 21st-century as well as the challenges that is been associated with with it, these could be storage, management as well as holistic collection and analysis of series of data for the owner of the business.

Heyy
Can someone help me please ​

Answers

I believe A ) 5.6 million

Select the correct answer.
A household detergents company introduces a new product in the market. It hires several salespeople to make door-to-door sales for the first three months. The salespeople have to gather certain information about customers during their sales trips. For one such salesperson, a customer is not willing to share details related to his experience with competitor products. In such a case, what should the salesperson do?
A.
refer the case to another colleague who is expert in extracting details out of such customers
B.
forcibly try to get the details out of the customer
C.
respect the customer’s privacy and not ask any further questions
D.
tempt the customer with discounts on the current product if he shares his details

Answers

Answer: C. respect the customer’s privacy and not ask any further questions.

Explanation:

Since the customer is not willing to share details related to his experience with competitor products, the best thing to do in this case is to respect the customer’s privacy and not ask any further questions.

It's good to respect the privacy of people if they are not willing and ready to give out certain information. In this case, it should be noted that forcibly trying to get the details out of the customer isn't ideal.

Likewise, referring the customer to someone more experienced isn't necessary in thus regard since the customer isn't willing to share any information.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

You should respect the customers privacy because they are not doing anything sketchy. They are just choosing not to share their thoughts.

__________ is a cornerstone in the protection of information assets and in the prevention of financial loss.

Answers

Answer:

Separation of duties.

Explanation:

Internal controls can be defined as the policies, set of rules, and procedures implemented or put in place by an organization to protect its assets, boost efficiency, enhance financial accountability, enforce adherence to company policies and prevent fraudulent behaviors among the employees.

The main purpose of internal controls is to guarantee that loss is eliminated by ensuring that there is an accurate and reliable accounting system.

One of the essential characteristics of internal control is the principle of establishing responsibility such as assigning responsibility to specific individuals. An internal control is considered to be most effective when an individual is solely responsible for a specific accounting task.

Hence, the principle of establishing responsibility include the following;

I. Only one person or an individual is being responsible for a task.

II. An individual is solely responsible for the authorization of transactions.

III. An individual is solely responsible for the approval of transactions.

Separation of duties is a cornerstone used as an internal control measure for the protection of information assets and in the prevention of financial loss.

According to the separation of duties, an employee such as an accountant who opens a bank statement should not be the same person that is saddled with the responsibility of reconciling cash inflow and outflow.

Rockwood International needs to make risky decisions on a daily basis. Therefore, its managers are likely to

Answers

Answer:

Centralize decision making

Explanation:

From the question we are informed about Rockwood International who needs to make risky decisions on a daily basis. Therefore, its managers are likely to Centralize decision making.

Centralization can be regarded as setup whereby decision-making powers are been concentrated or given to few leaders that are on top of the organizational structure. Decisions making are been carried out at the top then communicated to lower-level managers so that implementation can take place.

Performed services for $25,000 cash. Purchased land for $6,000 cash. Hired an accountant to keep the books. Received $50,000 cash from the issue of common stock. Borrowed $5,000 cash from State Bank. Paid $14,000 cash for salary expense. Sold land for $9,000 cash. Paid $10,000 cash on the loan from State Bank. Paid $2,800 cash for utilities expense. Paid a cash dividend of $5,000 to the stockholders.

Answers

Answer:

a.

1. Operating Activities (OA)

2. Investing Activities (IA)

3. Not Applicable (NA)

4. Financing Activities (FA)

5. Financing Activities (FA)

6. Operating Activities (OA)

7.Investing Activities (IA)

8. Financing Activities (FA)

9. Operating Activities (OA)

10. Financing Activities (FA)

b. Ending Cash Balance $60,200

Explanation:

a. To Indicate how each of the events would be classified on the statement of cash flows as OPERATING ACTIVITIES (OA), INVESTING ACTIVITIES (IA), FINANCING ACTIVITIES (FA), or NOT APPLICABLE (NA).

1. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as OPERATING ACTIVITIES (OA)

2. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as INVESTING ACTIVITIES (IA)

3.Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as NOT APPLICABLE (NA)

4. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as FINANCING ACTIVITIES (FA)

5. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as FINANCING ACTIVITIES (FA)

6. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as OPERATING ACTIVITIES (OA)

7. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as INVESTING ACTIVITIES (IA)

8. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as FINANCING ACTIVITIES (FA)

9. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as OPERATING ACTIVITIES (OA)

10. Based on the information it these transaction will be classified as FINANCING ACTIVITIES (FA)

b. Preparation of a statement of cash flows for 2018. Assume All-Star Automotive Company had a beginning cash balance of $9,000 on January 1, 2018.

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Cash receipts from revenue: $25,000

Less Cash payment for salary expense ($14,000)

Less Cash payments for utilities expense ($2,800)

Net cash flow from operating activities $8,200

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Cash from the sale of land $9,000

Less Cash paid to purchase land ($6,000)

Net cash flow from investing activities $3,000

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Cash receipts from stock issue $50,000

Add Cash receipts from loan $5,000

Less Cash payment on loan ($10,000)

Less Cash payments for dividends ($5,000)

Net cash flow from financing activities $40,000

Net increase in cash $51,200

($4,200+$3,000+$40,000)

Add Beginning cash balance $9,000

ENDING CASH BALANCE $60,200

Therefore the statement of cash flows for 2018 Ending Cash Balance is $60,200

The ________ line is a financial analysis tool that enables you to see patterns in cash inflows and outflows. A : value B : money C : time D : trend

Answers

B.money because money deals with financial

please help me,its economics, what is the other for real GDP and nominal GDP​

Answers

Answer:

The main difference between nominal GDP and real GDP is the adjustment for inflation. Since nominal GDP is calculated using current prices, it does not require any adjustments for inflation. ... Using a GDP price deflator, real GDP reflects GDP on a per quantity basis.

Dana believes that a new phone to be sold by Ear Fruit Inc. will become the most popular phone in the global market. Dana enters into a contract to buy 500 shares of Ear Fruit stock, anticipating an increase in its value. The phone does not become popular, and the price of the stock does not rise. Dana can recover Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

rf

Explanation:

rcddr6dutft7dfr6d6rdr6xkrxitxurxyrrrxutccfxy

explain the concept of business?​

Answers

Answer:

A business is defined as an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. ... The term "business" also refers to the organized efforts and activities of individuals to produce and sell goods and services for profit.

Explanation:

HOPE IT HELP YOU

U.S. GAAP for long-lived assets significantly impedes rate-of-return comparisons across companies unless the firms:

Answers

Answer: Apply the same depreciation methods and the same useful lives among similar groups of assets

Explanation:

US GAAP for long-lived assets significantly impedes rate-of-return that is, the annual income from an investment which is being expressed as a proportion of the original investment comparisons across companies unless the firms apply the same depreciation methods and also the same useful lives are applied among identical groups of assets.

4) The management of Stanforth Corporation is investigating automating a process. Old equipment, with a current salvage value of $24,000, would be replaced by a new machine. The new machine would be purchased for $516,000 and would have a 6 year useful life and no salvage value. By automating the process, the company would save $173,000 per year in cash operating costs. The simple rate of return on the investment is closest to:

Answers

Answer:

17.86%

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what The simple rate of return on the investment is closest to:

First step is to calculate the Depreciation

Depreciation = $516,000 ÷ 6years

Depreciation= $86,000

Second step is to calculate Incremental operating income

Incremental operating income = $173,000-$86,000

Incremental operating income=$88,000

Now let determine the simple rate of return on the investment

Using this formula

Simple rate of return = incremental operating income ÷ initial investment

Let plug in the formula

Simple rate of return = $87,000÷$516,000

Simple rate of return =17.86%

Therefore The simple rate of return on the investment is closest to:17.86%

True or False: Timothy, Jude, and Eric are working in the marketing department of a multinational corporation. They each have similar backgrounds and experience and are thinking about leaving their current company to start their own business. Successful entrepreneurial teams are comprised of these types of people because similarities in knowledge and skill ensure harmony and consistency in their new business.

Answers

I guess answer is true may be

Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

When cost systems were developed in the 1800's, most companies ______. Multiple select question. produced a small number of similar products focused on simplicity assigned overhead based on machine hours believed there was little correlation between labor hours and overhead

Answers

Answer:

believed there was little correlation between labor hours and overhead

Explanation:

When cost systems were developed in the 1800's, most companies used a blanket overhead or a plant wide rate to allocate the overheads. They  believed there was little correlation between labor hours and overhead.

______ communication takes place when individuals from different levels and different departments communicate.

Answers

Answer:

Diagonal

Explanation:

An organizational structure can be defined as the process which typically involves dividing an organization into various functional units.

Basically, the organizational structure comprises of three (3) main dimensions and these are;

I. The vertical dimension: this is typically the decision-making responsibilities (decentralization and centralization).

II. The horizontal dimension: this divides the organization into subunits.

III. Integrating mechanisms: it is based typically on the strategic mechanism that controls the various subunits within an organization.

Communication can be defined as a process which typically involves the transfer of information from one person (sender) to another (recipient), through the use of semiotics, symbols and signs that are mutually understood by both parties.

Employees working in an organization are said to engage in a diagonal communication when they communicate with other employees in other departments and on different levels such as level 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, as the case may be.

For example, a diagonal communication takes place when John that's on level 8 in the marketing department communicates with Claire who's on level 10 in the customer relationship management (CRM) department.

Stan wants to invest in real property. Rather than be a sole owner, Stan would prefer to pool his resources with other people to own and develop a small office building. He would prefer not to take part in the day-to-day responsibilities of the organization. What type of business venture would best fit his goals?

Answers

Answer:

limited partnership real estate investment syndicate

Explanation:

Since in the given situation it is mentioned that stan wants to invest in the real property instead be a sole owner. So he pool his resources in order to create the office building with the other people also at the same time he is not interested to take part in day to day responsibilities

So here it is a limited partnership business venture as he is engaging with other people not alone to create the office buidling

CPA Inc. is a publicly traded company. The stockholders of this company delegate the authority to make decisions for the company to a CEO named Joaquin. The stockholders expect Joaquin to make decisions that will benefit the company. However, Joaquin begins to find ways to maximize his total compensation, which hinders CPA's performance. This scenario reflects

Answers

Answer:

The appropriate approach is "Principal-agent problems".

Explanation:

A contradiction of objectives or priority between someone individual or organization as well as the authorized accompanying documents to operate over its behalf is considered as Principal-agent problem.The possession of a commodity or fundamental assigns immediate supervision of that resource to some other agency may transpire in whatsoever circumstance.

Holders of common stock in a corporation brought an action based on state law fraud claims arising out of a tender offer for their stock. The action against the corporation and its directors was filed in state court in State A. In entering a judgment against the corporation and its directors, the state court ruled that the tender offer contained false statements of material facts. Subsequently, holders of preferred stock in the corporation filed an action in federal district court in State B against the corporation and its directors, asserting a claim regarding the tender offer based on federal law. The preferred shareholders moved for a partial summary judgment on the issue of whether the tender offer contained false statements of material facts. Both State A and State B require mutuality of parties in order for issue preclusion to apply. Should the federal court grant the partial summary judgment motion

Answers

Answer: No, because State A requires mutuality of parties in order for issue preclusion to apply

Explanation:

According to the information given, the federal court cannot grant the partial summary judgment motion. The reason for this is because State A requires mutuality of parties in order for issue preclusion to apply.

Under 28 U.S.C. § 1738, it's required for the federal court to give full faith and credit to the state court judgments. Therefore, in this scenario, if a subsequent action in the state is barred by the state-court judgment, then it can be deduced that it acts to bar a subsequent action in the federal court too.

A _____ is composed of temporary arrangements among members that can be assembled and reassembled to meet a changing competitive environment.

Answers

Answer:

Modular network

Explanation:

Competitive advantage can be defined as conditions, factors or circumstances that allow a business firm (organization) to manufacture finished goods or services better and perhaps cheaper than other (rival) firms in the same industry. Thus, it's responsible for putting a business firm in a superior or more favorable position than rival firms.

This ultimately implies that, a competitive advantage has a significant impact on a business because it increases its level of sales, revenue generation and profit margin when compared to rival firms in the same industry.

In conclusion, competitive advantage is a feature that makes a customer to place a greater value on the product or service of a particular company than they do on similar products or services from its competitors (rivals) in the same industry.

In Business management, a modular network comprises of temporary arrangements among members that can be assembled and reassembled to meet the unending consumer demands and changing competitive environment. Thus, it avails businesses the opportunity to either assemble or reassemble parts depending on the work in process.

Expenses that are not easily traced to a specific department, and which are incurred for the joint benefit of more than one department, are

Answers

Answer:

Indirect expenses

Explanation:

Indirect expenses are those that are usually sent on more than one department, and it is not easily traced to one source.

They are usually costs that result from running the business as a whole.

Examples of indirect expenses includes rent, taxes, advertising, salaries, administrative expenses, distribution and selling expenses.

These expenses will eventually be shared between different departments in the organisation and cannot be traced to only one source, so it is called indirect expense.

Mae and Joe form a partnership. Mae contributes $3,000 in cash, and Joe contributes his services. Throughout the life of the partnership, Mae also lends the partnership $1,000. Upon dissolution of the partnership, $2,500 is left in the partnership assets after all outside creditors have been paid. Absent a partnership agreement to the contrary, how should the partnership assets be distributed

Answers

Answer:

The partnership assets should be distributed $ 1875 for Joe and $ 625 for Mae.

Explanation:

Since Mae and Joe form a partnership, and Mae contributes $ 3,000 in cash, and Joe contributes his services, and throughout the life of the partnership, Mae also lends the partnership $ 1,000, and upon dissolution of the partnership, $ 2,500 is left in the partnership. assets after all outside creditors have been paid, absent a partnership agreement to the contrary, to determine how the partnership assets should be distributed the following calculation must be performed:

Joe = 3000

Mae = 1000

Joe 3: 1 Mae

2500/4 x 3 = Joe = 1875

2500/4 = Mae = 625

Therefore, the partnership assets should be distributed $ 1875 for Joe and $ 625 for Mae.

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why is it important to know what you are going to do when you move out? NEED ASAP Which responses to stress involve a person's behavior?Select all that apply.withdrawing from friendsabusing drugs or alcoholhaving difficulty falling asleepgetting frequent headaches Preferred stock is a hybrid security because it has some characteristics typical of debt and others typical of equity. The following table lists various characteristics of preferred stock. Determine which of these characteristics is consistent with debt and which is consistent with equity.Characteristics Debt EquityDividends are fixed. Usually has no specified maturity date At the present time, Tamin Co. does not have any preferred stock outstanding but is looking to include preferred stock un its capital structure in the future. Tamin has found some institutional investors that are willing to purchase its preferred stock issue provided that it pays a perpetual dividend of $13 per share. If the investors pay $130.45 per share, Taemin's cost of preferred stock will _____.a. 11.5%b. 10.0%c. 9.5%d. 9.0% train starting from a railway station and moving with a uniform accleration attains a speed of 90km/hr in 10s .Find the acclerationOptions90m/s21m/s210m/s20.1m/s2 Evidencia de aprendizaje Se desea obtener 80 kilogramos de caf molido mezclando caf arbico de S/18 el kilogramo y caf torrado de S/10 el kilogramo. Si se quiere que el precio del kilogramo de mezcla sea de S/13, Qu cantidad de caf de S/18 debe usar? Responde las siguientes preguntas: Qu estrategias utilic para validar la solucin al sistema de ecuaciones? Para qu me servir lo que aprend?, Qu dificultades encontraron en este aprendizaje? A partir de la situacin planteada A qu conclusin puedo llegar? URGENT!!!!!!HELP NOW PLEASE!!!!!!!!! A student ran out of time on a multiple choice exam and randomly guessed the answers for two problems. Each problem had 5 answer choices - a, b, c, d, e- and only one correct answer. What is the probability that she answered neither of the problems correctly? Do not round your answer. (If necessary, consult a list of formulas.) The composite figure is made up of a rectangle and two pentagons. Find the area. 5 5 34 S 5 A. 129 sq. units O B. 122.4 sq. units C. 225 sq. units D. 140 sq. units escribe una situacion de la vida de uno de los artistas que haya sido transcendental What is the area of this figure 1. Draw four illustrations of a globe and paper that are positioned to yield equatorial, transverse, oblique, and polar aspect projections. Label the equator in each. Use your textbook or lecture material if you need a reference.2. On any map, why is there distortion at areas that do not fall on lines of tangency or secancy? i gave someone a Brainliest pls Based on the Punnett square, what is the probability that the offspring will have freckles?25 percent50 percent75 percent100 percent Who created this piece of art? the chemicals used in the preparation of carbondioxide gas are??? What did Paul Revere shout on his midnight ride in 1775? Dr. Turner wants his clients to learn to acknowledge thoughts that keep them from achieving their healthy desires and goals. He tries to increase their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts while giving them unconditional positive regard. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he practicing The first civilization likely formed in Mesopotamia because:that was the birthplace of modern man.its two rivers provided water for crops.the first alphabet was invented there.there were many trees for building houses. On a coordinate plane, line D F goes through points (negative 1, negative 3) and (2, 3). Point G is at (negative 4, negative 4). Assume that there is a 8% rate of disk drive failure in a year. a. If all your computer data is stored on a hard disk drive with a copy stored on a second hard disk drive, what is the probability that during a year, you can avoid catastrophe with at least one working drive?