Both gymnosperms and pteridophytes are groups of plants that evolved before the appearance of flowering plants (angiosperms).
While it is difficult to definitively categorize one group as being more advanced than the other, there are certain characteristics of gymnosperms that are considered more advanced compared to pteridophytes.
Here are a few reasons why gymnosperms are often considered more advanced:
1. Reproductive Structures: Gymnosperms have advanced reproductive structures compared to pteridophytes. Gymnosperms produce seeds, which are protected structures containing the embryo plant and a food source, allowing for successful dispersal and germination.
Pteridophytes, on the other hand, reproduce through spores, which are more vulnerable and have lower survival rates compared to seeds.
2. Pollination: Gymnosperms typically have more advanced pollination mechanisms. They often rely on wind or animals for pollination, whereas pteridophytes primarily depend on wind for spore dispersal.
The use of animals for pollination, such as insects or birds, is considered more advanced as it allows for a more precise and efficient transfer of pollen.
3. Vascular Tissue: Both gymnosperms and pteridophytes have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars. However, gymnosperms have more efficient vascular systems, allowing for better nutrient and water uptake.
This increased efficiency is attributed to the evolution of specialized conducting cells called tracheids, which are more advanced than the conducting cells found in pteridophytes.
4. Adaptability: Gymnosperms exhibit a wider range of adaptability compared to pteridophytes. They can thrive in diverse habitats, including harsh and cold environments.
Gymnosperms have evolved various adaptive features, such as needle-shaped leaves, thick cuticles, and reduced leaf surface area, which helps reduce water loss and increase tolerance to extreme conditions.
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The change in the circled offspring’s genotype was caused by a mutation. A mutation is a change in a gene. Mutations happen when a mistake is made when a cell’s chromosomes are copied. How might mutations introduce variation into a population? EXPLAIN
there will be changes in the number of chromosomes
A mutation is a change in a gene. Mutations happen when a mistake is made when a cell’s chromosomes are copied. Mutations introduce variation into a population by changing the genome and introducing new changes that might or might not be beneficial.
What is mutation ?It is defined as the change that is caused in terms of certain type of change that is introduced by knowingly or unknowingly.
A mutation is a change in a gene. Mutations happen when a mistake is made when a cell’s chromosomes are copied. Suppose if a genetic codon AUG has to be inserted by the mRNA which earlier has to code for methionine and was a start codon but with time U got replaced and the new codon is made which changes the expression.
Mutations that are born are none other than insertion of some other amino acids or codon , deletion of some bases and other mutations as well which leads to the variation in the species.
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An ocean layer in which the temperature drops with depth faster than in other layers is called a thermo cline. True or false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
That is the exact definition of thermocline
Answer: true
Explanation:
hope it helps
Tại sao chúng ta lại trụt rút
Answer:
Có rất nhiều lý do mà khóa tu là quan trọng! Chúng giúp chúng ta loại bỏ bản thân khỏi sự quen thuộc của những khuôn mẫu thông thường hoặc môi trường xung quanh, để dành thời gian để đến với Đức Chúa Trời trong sự Sáng tạo của Ngài. Thông thường ở những thời điểm khác nhau trong cuộc sống, một lý do hoặc nhu cầu này có thể vượt trội hơn lý do khác. Tuy nhiên, luôn có những lý do chính đáng, bất kể mùa nào trong đời của bạn, rằng một khóa tu là rất quan trọng để lên lịch, lập kế hoạch và tham dự. Dưới đây chỉ là bốn trong số chúng và chúng tôi nghĩ bạn có thể nghĩ ra nhiều hơn nữa!
Gần như hàng ngày, chúng tôi nhận được các cuộc gọi hoặc chuyến thăm từ những người đã đến Wafloy hơn 20, 30, 40 năm trước. Niềm vui khi trở thành một trung tâm nhập thất 72 tuổi là chúng tôi được nghe những người khác chia sẻ những kỷ niệm đó. Mối liên kết của những ký ức này không chỉ buộc họ với một nơi, mà còn với tình đồng nghiệp của những người khác đã đi cùng một hành trình. Chúng ta, con người, được tạo ra để giao tiếp với Chúa và với nhau. Dành thời gian như một nhóm, cô lập trong bầu không khí phát triển và dễ bị tổn thương có thể cho phép Đức Chúa Trời di chuyển trong cuộc sống. Điều này sẽ tạo ra những ký ức gắn kết vượt ra ngoài bản thân sự kiện khóa tu. Những ký ức đó và tác động của chúng có thể tồn tại suốt đời.
Explanation:
when people suffer from chicken box they shed skin when the Pox dries it is recommended by the daughters that the skin shade by the patient should be burnt away and not be directly test why do you think this precaution is mandatory
Answer:
because the precaution is skin shade by the patient should be burned away and not be directly test
Answer:
People suffering from chickenpox should not be in sunlight because the skin is more susceptible to heatstroke. The virus stays for a long time in the body, even after the symptoms are gone. Hence, it is recommended to burn it.
Explanation:
Hope this helps... pls vote as brainliest
100 points!!!!!!
According to the National
Institute of Health, ventricular tachycardia is a fast, regular beating of the ventricles that may last for only a few seconds or for much longer. A few beats of ventricular tachycardia often doesn't cause
problems. However, episodes that last for more than a few seconds can be dangerous. Ventricular tachycardia can turn into other, more serious arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation.
Based on the passage above, how will prolonged ventricular tachycardia affect blood pressure?
O It will increase blood pressure because the ventricles are contracting with more force.
O It will increase blood pressure because the ventricles are filling with more blood between beats.
O It will decrease blood pressure because there is a longer rest period beats of the ventricles.
O It will decrease blood pressure because the ventricles are filling with less blood between beats.
Answer:
It will decrease blood pressure because the ventricles are filling with less blood between beats.
Explanation:
In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats faster than normal, usually 100 or ... The chaotic heartbeats prevent the heart chambers from properly filling with blood. As a result, your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to your body
Answer:
It will decrease blood pressure because there is a longer rest period beats of the ventricles.
Explanation:
You can read more about Ventricular Tachycardia here: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/ventricular-tachycardia
Briefly explain the adaptive features of plants and animals in a forest.
Answer:
being invisible to a predator or prey is an advantage in the tropical rainforest
This Roman snail, this cuttlefish, and this mussel have similarities and differences in their body structures. What does the information about these structures tell you about the ancestors of these species
Complete question:
This Roman snail, this cuttlefish, and this mussel have similarities and
differences in their body structures. What does the information about these
structures tell you about the ancestors of these species?
a) None share an ancestor population because different species cannot share an ancestor population. It is a coincidence that these species have some of the same body structures.
b) The Roman snail and the cuttlefish share an ancestor population, but they must not share an ancestor with mussels because mussels have no radula.
c) All three species share an ancestor population, but Roman snails and
cuttlefish share a more recent ancestor population. This is why they share
the radula structure.
d) We cannot make observations of ancestor populations from the past. It is
impossible to explain ancestors with only the information about the body
structures of different species.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. All three species share an ancestor population, but Roman snails and cuttlefish share a more recent ancestor population. This is why they share the radula structure.
Explanation:
The three species belong to the mollusk phylum, and to the placophore group.
Each of them belongs to a different class.
The Roman snail belongs to the Gasteropod class, The cuttlefish belongs to the Cephalopod class, The mussel belongs to the Bivalve class.The tree classes share a common ancestor from which all the placophores evolved. Among them, we can mention the monoplacophore, gasteropod, cephalopod, bivalve, and scaphopods. Three branches diverged from this common ancestor. The first one originated the monoplacophore. The second one originated the common ancestor of gastropods and cephalopods. And the third one originated the common ancestor of bivalves and scaphopods. The tree-mentioned species inherited the mantle and the radula from their foreign common ancestor. But later in time, individuals that originated bivalves lost the radulla. This is why the three species have a mantle, but only gastropods and cephalopods have a radula. When each of these classes evolved, they developed their own traits,
Gastropods → muscular foot used for moving Cephalopods → pallial cavity for swimmingBivalves → byssal threads to attach to the rocksYou will find an image in the attached files that will help you understand this explanation.
The diagram below represents the time a cell spends in the two main phases
of the cell cycle. In which phase does a cell spend more time?
A. Prophase
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
D. Interphase
Answer:b
Explanation:
The cell spends more time in the meiosis phase. Therefore, option "C" is correct.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms, therefore, producing gametes. In this process, the number of chromosomes is reduced in the gametes. These cells are known as haploid cells. The examples are sperm and ovum.
There are two phases of meiosis: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I has four stages whereas meiosis II has three stages. In meiosis I, a cell divides into two genetically distinct haploid cells. In meiosis II, the two divided haploid cells divide further in two cells. Total four cells are produced in the process of meiosis.
Meiosis is an important cell division process in sexually reproducing organisms. It is used in the production of gametes in both males and females organisms.
Therefore, meiosis take more time than mitosis due to double stages.
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HELP ME HELPP PLZZZ!!!!!
Define “mutualism” in your own words. PLEZ DO NOT COPY AND PASTE. I NEED IT ASAP PLEZ
how do you describe the shape of each sample of matter? do the ice cubes have a definite shape? how about the water? how about the vapor?
Answer:
Both no
Explanation:
be because it is liquid, they don't have fix shape
Which describes a way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle?
Earthquakes release phosphorus.
Phosphorus is carried in the rain that was evaporated from lakes.
Human use of fertilizers release phosphorus into the groundwater.
Phosphorus is transpired from the leaves of plants.
Answer:
I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option C. A way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle is that when human use of fertilizers release phosphorus into the groundwater. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.
Human use of fertilizers releases phosphorus into the groundwater is a way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle. Therefore, the correct statement is option C.
What is the use of phosphorus?Phosphorus is a nutrient needed by plants to grow, and it is added to soil in the form of fertilizers. When it rains, the phosphorus is washed away from the soil and carried into nearby rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
The phosphorus is then taken up by plants or become part of the sediment at the bottom of bodies of water.
Phosphorus can be transformed from there and recycled through the different parts of the phosphorus cycle, such as weathering, erosion, and sedimentation. Phosphorus can also be released from the decomposition of organic matter.
Therefore, human use of fertilizers releases phosphorus into the groundwater is a way in which phosphorus may enter into the phosphorus cycle.
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A diagram illustrates that grass is eaten by insects, birds, and mice. The insects are eaten by hawks, snakes, and toads. The birds and mice are eaten by foxes, hawks, and snakes. The toad is also eaten by the snake. Which best describes the diagram?
pyramid
food chain grid
food web
trophic level
Answer:
Food web
Explanation:
food web:
a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.
Answer:
food web
Explanation:
food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple food chains.
Help will mark brainliest #6,7,8
Answer:
search it up, but 6 is b
Explanation:
Define the word ⇒ matter
Answer:
matter is what makes up everything, every type of organism, every object, etc.
Explanation:
Answer: 1.
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
"the structure and properties of matter"
2.
an affair or situation under consideration; a topic.
Explanation:
Hope it helps
How would life be different if Earth did not rotate?
please answer the following questions correctly
Answer:
i. Name each of the parts labelled I, II, III, IV and V.
{5 marks}
I - Crown / Enamel
II - Dentine
III - Cement / Periodontal membrane
IV - Jaw bone / Root
V - Pulp Cavity
ii What is the function of each of the parts labelled I and III?
{2 marks}
I - Protects teeth from harmful bacteria
-- Enable teeth withstand pressure of chewing
-- Cutting / chewing / protects dentine / protect pulp cavity
III - hold tooth firmly (in socket / Jaw bone)
iii Which of the labelled parts could be affected by tooth decay?
{1 mark}
V - Pulp cavity
iv State three ways by which tooth decay may be prevented.
{3 marks}
→ avoid using sharp-pointed objects
→ avoid having dry mouth
→ use water containing fluorides to wash teeth / mouth
→ avoid smoking
→ the teeth should be cleaned regularly after each meal / remove food particle from the teeth / flossing
→ wash the mouth vigorously after each meal
→ regular visit to the dentist
→ avoid eating too hot foods
→ avoid eating too much sugary food
→ avoid eating too cold food / taking too cold drinks
Explanation:
a/ Một nguyên tử X có tổng số các loại hạt bằng 18
b/ Một nguyên tử Y có tổng số hạt cơ bản 58 và số khối nhỏ hơn 40. Hãy xác định các nguyên tử trên. Biết số khối A = N+P
Explanation:
a) p+e+n=18
mà p=e=z => 2p +n=18
câu a có thiếu dữ kiện không?
What is the structure of a Triglyceride?
A. A glycerol head with 3 fatty acid tails
B. 3 Glycogen heads connected to a Hydroxyl tail
C. 3 Hydroxyls connected to a glyceride
D. A glycerol head with 2 fatty acid tails
Answer:
A. A glycerol head with 3 fatty acid tails
Explanation:
One glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids each
The structure of a Triglyceride is a glycerol head with 3 fatty acid tails. Hence the correct option is A.
The structure of a triglyceride consists of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid tails. Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon, while fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. Through a condensation reaction, the hydroxyl group of each glycerol molecule combines with the carboxyl group of a fatty acid, resulting in the formation of an ester bond.
This process is repeated three times, with each fatty acid binding to a different carbon of the glycerol molecule, thus forming a triglyceride. The three fatty acid tails provide energy storage and insulation properties, while the glycerol molecule serves as a backbone for their attachment. Triglycerides are the main storage form of fat in animals and plants.
Hence the correct option is A.
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Can someone help me with Earth Science, please? I'll really appreciate it.
1. Describe some surface mining methods.
2. What are some ways an area can undergo reclamation after being mined?
3. What makes a gemstone valuable?
4. How is an atom different from an ion? How is an atom different from an element?
5. How is a molecule different from an element? Can a molecule be an element?
6. In which type of bonding are electrons shared? In which are they given or taken? Which type of bond is stronger?
7. What is a crystal?
8. What are the eight major mineral groups?
9. How does the native elements mineral group differ from all of the other mineral groups?
10. Which properties of a mineral describe the way it breaks apart?
11. Apatite scratches the surface of an unknown mineral. Which mineral would you use next to test the mineral’s hardness—fluorite or feldspar? Explain your reasoning.
12. What is the difference between magma and lava?
13. Explain how mineral veins form.
Answer: 1:There are five recognized types of surface mining, each with specific variations depending on the minerals being extracted. These include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and highwall mining.
2:Refilled/reshaped w/vegetation planted; filled w/water to become a lake; turned into landfill; left open as home for bats or sealed off if underground.
3:Physical characteristics that make a colored stone valuable are color, clarity to a lesser extent (emeralds will always have a number of inclusions), cut, unusual optical phenomena within the stone such as color zoning (the uneven distribution of coloring within a gem) and asteria (star effects).
4:Atoms where the electrons and protons are not equal are called ions. Ions are charged particles. They can be either positively charged ions or negatively charged ions.
5:Molecule is a substance with two or more atoms bonded together such as the oxygen humans breathe (O2). Elements are pure substances made up of all the same atoms such as gold (Au), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Elements all have the same number of protons in their nuclei and can't be broken down.
6:A covalent bond involves electrons being shared between atoms. The most stable state for an atom occurs when its valence electron shell is full, so atoms form covalent bonds, sharing their valence electrons, so that they achieve a more stable state by filling their valence electron shell.
7:A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
8:How does the native elements mineral group differ from all of the other mineral groups? Native elements contain atoms of only one type of element. Only a small number of minerals are found in this category. Some of the minerals in this group are rare and valuable.
9:How does the native elements mineral group differ from all of the other mineral groups? Native elements contain atoms of only one type of element. Only a small number of minerals are found in this category. Some of the minerals in this group are rare and valuable.
10:Cleavage. The way in which a mineral breaks along smooth flat planes is called cleavage. These breaks occur along planes of weakness in the mineral's structure. However, if a mineral breaks along an irregular surface, it does not have cleavage.
11: I would use fluorite to test the hardness because apatite has a higher hardness then fluorite does mean that the unknow mineral is lower on the hardness test then both apatite and feldspar. 5. Why is streak more reliable than color when identifying a mineral?
12:magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's surface.
13:In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.
Explanation:
Some plants, such as roses, have thorns on their stems or branches. How do these act as an adaptation?
A. To stop animals from eating the stems
B. To produce more oxygen from photosynthesis
C. To attract insects
D. To produce more food
Answer:
Some plants, such as roses, have thorns on their stems or branches. These act as A. To stop animals from eating the stems.
A. To stop animals from eating the stems
describe how potatoes and eggs might have been digested with the help of enzymes.
The potato can make you feel at home in any part of the world. According to the International Potato Center, the potato is the third most grown crop in the world, with more than 300 million metric tons produced annually. The United Nations declared 2008 as the International Year of the Potato because of its importance in feeding the poor and hungry. If not deep-fried and loaded with butter or cheese, potatoes have a lot to offer nutritionally, and they are easy to digest as well.
Salivary amylase, an enzyme secreted with the saliva, acts at the long polysaccharide units that make up starch, to shape disaccharides known as maltose. The action of salivary amylase keeps until the potato reaches the belly.
How are eggs digested?The belly empties the chyme containing the damaged egg pieces into the small intestine, where the general public of protein digestion occurs. The pancreas secretes digestive juice that consists of extra enzymes that in addition smash down the protein fragments.
Digestive enzymes play a key position in breaking down the meals you eat. those proteins accelerate chemical reactions that turn vitamins into substances that your digestive tract can take in. Your saliva has digestive enzymes in it. Some of your organs, consisting of your pancreas, gallbladder, and liver, additionally release them.
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This is the question I need help with.
Answer:
b is most likely to be the answer
Explanation:
Can someone please help me with these two:
1. Blood is at it's highest pressure just when it leaves the heart. Why do you think so?
2. The blood in an artery flows faster and at higher pressure than blood in veins. Why so?
Answer:
1.Blood pressure can be defined as the pressure of blood on the walls of the arteries as it circulates through the body. Blood pressure is highest as its leaves the heart through the aorta and gradually decreases as it enters smaller and smaller blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, and capillaries).
2. The more rounded the lumen, the less surface area the blood encounters, and the less resistance the vessel offers. Vasoconstriction increases pressure within a vein as it does in an artery, but in veins, the increased pressure increases flow.
"A passive smoker will experience the similar effect as an active smoker" Do you agree with the opinion? Justify.
[tex]what \: is \: chyme \: \: \: \: {?}[/tex]
Small intestine in the form of a thick paste called chyme. When the inner walls of the intestine are thrown into millions of processes called villi. The muscle layers of the small intestine are thinner than those of the stomach.
Hope This Helps You ❤️Define the word Codon
Thank you!
Explanation:
a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Answer:
Condon is a city in, and the seat of, Gilliam County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 682 at the 2010 census. The city, with an historic main street along Oregon Route 19, is a farming and ranching community.
A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. DNA and RNA molecules are written in a language of four nucleotides; meanwhile, the language of proteins includes 20 amino acids.
The second one is most likely to be correct
Hope this helps :> <3
Which substance is a heterogeneous mixture?
A. a sugar cube
B. pure olive oil
C. liquid dishwashing soap
D. chicken noodle soup
pls answer asap!
what does the muscular system do for the stomach
Answer:
it helps digest the food and push the food down the gut track
Explanation:
Label the parts of the microscope shown in the picture below using the following terms: coarse adjustment knob, eyepiece (or ocular lens), fine adjustment knob, light condenser and iris diaphragm, objective lenses, stage
Answer:
A is the eyepiece (or ocular lens), B is the objective lenses, C is the iris diaphragm, D part is refers to light condenser, E is the location of fine adjustment knob and F is the location of coarse adjustment knob.
Explanation:
A is the eyepiece (or ocular lens), B is the objective lenses, C is the iris diaphragm, D part is refers to light condenser, E is the location of fine adjustment knob and F is the location of coarse adjustment knob. All these parts are the important parts of microscope which has a specific function in the microscope. Without one of these parts, we can not see the microbes in the microscope.