Help for both questions please and thanks

Answer:

Reactions involving the replacement of one atom or group of atoms. - Substitution reaction

Reactions involving removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule - Elimination reaction

Products show increased bond order between two adjacent atoms - Elimination reaction

Reactant requires presence of a π bond - Addition reaction

Product is the structural isomer of the reactant - Rearrangement reaction

Explanation:

When an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another in a reaction, then such is a substitution reaction. A typical example is the halogenation of alkanes.

A reaction involving the removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule resulting in increased bond order of products is called an elimination reaction. A typical example of such is dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides.

Any reaction that involves a pi bond is an addition reaction because a molecule is added across the pi bond. A typical example is hydrogenation of alkenes.

Rearrangement reactions yield isomers of a molecule. Rearrangement may involve alkyl or hydride shifts in molecules.

Reactions involving the replacement of one atom or group of atoms is substitution reaction, reactions involving removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule and products show increased bond order between two adjacent atoms is elimination reaction, reactant requires presence of a π bond in addition reaction and product is the structural isomer of the reactant is rearrangement reaction.

Chemical reactions are those reactions in which reactants undergoes through a variety of changes for the formation of new product.

Hence, classification of above points are done according to their characteristics.

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Answer:

The most stable conformation of the following compound has

A. An axial methyl group and an axial ethyl group.

B. An axial methyl group and an equatorial ethyl group.

C. An axial tert-butyl group.

D. An equatorial methyl group and an equatorial ethyl group.

E. An equatorial methyl group and an axial ethyl group.

Explanation:

The most stable conformation in the cyclohexane ring is the one in which both the substituents are in the equatorial position.

Among the given options,

option D  An equatorial methyl group and an equatorial ethyl group.

When the substituents in the cyclohexane ring are in equatorial positions then, the steric repulsions will be reduced.

Answer is option D.

Answer: The ion that contribute to water hardness are:

--> a. Ca2+

--> b. (HCO)3^- and

--> c. Mg2+

While K+ DOES NOT contribute to water hardness.

Explanation:

WATER in chemistry is known as a universal solvent. This is so because it is polar in nature and dissolves most inorganic solutes and some polar organic solutes to form aqueous solutions. It is composed of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen in the combined ratio of 2:1.

Water is said to be HARD if it does not lather readily with soap. There are two types of water hardness:

--> Permanent hardness: This is mainly due to the presence of CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM ions in the form of soluble tetraoxosulphate(VI) and chlorides. These ions are removed by adding washing soda or caustic soda.

--> Temporary hardness: This is due to the presence of calcium HYDROGENTRIOXOCARBONATES. It can be removed by boiling and using slaked lime.

Therefore from the above given ions, Ca2+,(HCO)3^- and Mg2+ contributes to water hardness.

Answer:

Mg will be the limiting reagent.

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Being the molar mass of each compound:

By reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

0.0350 g of Mg is reacted with 10.00 mL (equal to 0.01 L) of 6 M HCl.

Molarity being the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a certain volume, expressed as:

[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}[/tex]

in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex]

then, the number of moles of HCl that react is:

[tex]6 M=\frac{number of moles of HCl}{0.01 L}[/tex]

number of moles of HCl= 6 M*0.01 L

number of moles of HCl= 0.06 moles

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 2 moles of HCl react with 24.3 grams of Mg, 0.06 moles of HCl react with how much mass of Mg?

[tex]mass of Mg=\frac{0.06 moles of HCl* 24.3 grams of Mg}{2 moles of HCl}[/tex]

mass of Mg= 0.729 grams

But 0.729 grams of Mg are not available, 0.0350 grams are available. Since you have less mass than you need to react with 0.06 moles of HCl, Mg will be the limiting reagent.

The limiting reactant in the reaction is Magnesium (Mg)

From the question,

We are to determine the limiting reactant in the reaction.

The given balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

This means

1 mole of Mg is required to react completely with 2 moles of HCl

Now, we will determine the number of moles of each reactant present

Mass = 0.0350 g

Using the formula

[tex]Number\ of\ moles = \frac{Mass}{Atomic\ mass}[/tex]

Atomic mass of Mg = 24.305 g/mol

∴ Number of moles of Mg present = [tex]\frac{0.0350}{24.305}[/tex]

Number of moles of Mg present = 0.00144 mole

Concentration = 6M

Volume = 10.00 mL = 0.01 L

Using the formula

Number of moles = Concentration × Volume

∴ Number of moles HCl present = 6 × 0.01

Number of moles HCl present = 0.06 mole

Since,

1 mole of Mg is required to react completely with 2 moles of HCl

Then

0.00144 mole of Mg is required to react completely with 2×0.00144 mole of HCl

2×0.00144 = 0.00288

∴ The number of moles of HCl required to react completely with the Mg is 0.00288 mole

Since the number of moles of HCl present is more than 0.00288 mole, then HCl is the excess reactant and Mg is the limiting reactant.

Hence, the limiting reactant in the reaction is Magnesium (Mg)

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Answer: The molecule [tex]CH_{3}-CH_{3}[/tex] is expected to have a dipole moment of zero.

Explanation:

The product of magnitude of the charge calculated in electrostatic units is called dipole moment.

Formula for dipole moment is as follows.

Dipole moment = Charge (in esu) [tex]\times[/tex] distance (in cm)

Non-polar molecules have zero dipole moment.

For example, [tex]CH_{3}-CH_{3}[/tex] is a non-polar molecule so its dipole moment is zero.

[tex]H_{2}C=O[/tex] is a polar molecule so it will have dipole moment.

[tex]CH_{2}Cl_{2}[/tex] is a polar molecule so it will have dipole moment.

[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] has nitrogen atom as more electronegative than hydrogen atom. So, net dipole moment will be in the direction of nitrogen atom.

Thus, we can conclude that the molecule [tex]CH_{3}-CH_{3}[/tex] is expected to have a dipole moment of zero.

Answer:

For the neutralization reaction between pyridine and propanoic acid, draw curved arrows to indicate the direction of electron flow.

Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.

Explanation:

According to Bronsted acid-base theory, an acid is a substance which is a proton donor.

Base is the proton acceptor.

In the given example, acid is propanoic acid and it loses the proton.

Pyridine is the base and it accepts the proton from propanoic acid.

The entire reaction is shown below:

Answer:

bleh

Explanation:

Answer:

Aldehydes and Ketones

Both aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group, a functional group with a carbon-oxygen double bond. The names for aldehyde and ketone compounds are derived using similar nomenclature rules as for alkanes and alcohols, and include the class-identifying suffixes -al and -one, respectively:



In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms:





As text, an aldehyde group is represented as –CHO; a ketone is represented as –C(O)– or –CO–.

In both aldehydes and ketones, the geometry around the carbon atom in the carbonyl group is trigonal planar; the carbon atom exhibits sp2 hybridization. Two of the sp2 orbitals on the carbon atom in the carbonyl group are used to form σ bonds to the other carbon or hydrogen atoms in a molecule. The remaining sp2 hybrid orbital forms a σ bond to the oxygen atom. The unhybridized p orbital on the carbon atom in the carbonyl group overlaps a p orbital on the oxygen atom to form the π bond in the double bond.

Like the C=OC=O bond in carbon dioxide, the C=OC=O bond of a carbonyl group is polar (recall that oxygen is significantly more electronegative than carbon, and the shared electrons are pulled toward the oxygen atom and away from the carbon atom). Many of the reactions of aldehydes and ketones start with the reaction between a Lewis base and the carbon atom at the positive end of the polar C=OC=O bond to yield an unstable intermediate that subsequently undergoes one or more structural rearrangements to form the final product (Figure 1).

Figure 1. The carbonyl group is polar, and the geometry of the bonds around the central carbon is trigonal planar.

The importance of molecular structure in the reactivity of organic compounds is illustrated by the reactions that produce aldehydes and ketones. We can prepare a carbonyl group by oxidation of an alcohol—for organic molecules, oxidation of a carbon atom is said to occur when a carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced by a carbon-oxygen bond. The reverse reaction—replacing a carbon-oxygen bond by a carbon-hydrogen bond—is a reduction of that carbon atom. Recall that oxygen is generally assigned a –2 oxidation number unless it is elemental or attached to a fluorine. Hydrogen is generally assigned an oxidation number of +1 unless it is attached to a metal. Since carbon does not have a specific rule, its oxidation number is determined algebraically by factoring the atoms it is attached to and the overall charge of the molecule or ion. In general, a carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom will have a more positive oxidation number and a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom will have a more negative oxidation number. This should fit nicely with your understanding of the polarity of C–O and C–H bonds. The other reagents and possible products of these reactions are beyond the scope of this chapter, so we will focus only on the changes to the carbon atoms:

The density (g/mL) for a 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution has a mass of 24.0 g is 1.2 g/ml.

Density is the mass per unit volume. Density is a scalar quantity. It is denoted by d and the symbol for density is given as rho, a Greek symbol. Density is calculated as mass divided by volume.

Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body. The product of the molar mass of the compound and the moles of the substance are defined as mass.

Volume is the space occupied by a three-dimensional object. Volume is calculated by dividing mass by density.

Given, the 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution, which is the volume.

The mass of the solution is 24.0 g

To calculate the density

mass/volume

24.0 / 20.0 = 1.2 g/ml

Thus, the density of the given salt solution is 1.2 g/ml.

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Answer: Pair 1 has Mg and Sr, Pair 2 has Kr and Ne, Pair 3 has As and P.

Explanation:

A periodic table is a group of elements presented in a tabular form where elements are arranged in a series of 7 rows and 18 columns.

The vertical columns are known as groups and horizontal rows are known as periods.

The elements having similar chemical properties are arranged in one group.

Magnesium (Mg) is the 12th element of periodic table placed at Group 2 and Period 3

Strontium (Sr) is the 38th element of periodic table placed at Group 2 and Period 5

Krypton (Kr) is the 36th element of periodic table placed at Group 18 and Period 4

Neon (Ne) is the 10th element of periodic table placed at Group 18 and Period 2

Arsenic (As) is the 33rd element of periodic table placed at Group 15 and Period 4

Phosphorus (P) is the 15th element of periodic table placed at Group 15 and Period 3

As magnesium and strontium are present in the same group, they will have similar chemical properties. Similarly, krypton and neon will form the second pair. Likewise, arsenic and phosphorus will form a pair.

Hence, Pair 1 has Mg and Sr, Pair 2 has Kr and Ne, Pair 3 has As and P.

Answer:

i think C  is the answer

Explanation:

The change in average annual temperatures on earth will be due to "photosynthesis by plants and algae".

Photosynthesis can be defined as a process in which plants, as well as other organisms, as well as other organisms, utilize to transform sunlight into chemical energy which can then be released to power the organism's activities using cellular respiration.

Plants seem to be mostly photosynthetic eukaryotes belonging to the plantae kingdom.

Therefore, photosynthesis cannot change in average annual temperature on Earth.

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Answer:

14.9 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

C₄H₁₀ + 6.5 O₂ ⇒ 4 CO₂ + 5 H₂O

Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 9.57 g of C₄H₁₀

The molar mass of C₄H₁₀ is 58.12 g/mol.

9.57 g × 1 mol/58.12 g = 0.165 mol

Step 3: Calculate the moles of H₂O produced from 0.165 moles of C₄H₁₀

0.165 mol C₄H₁₀ × 5 mol H₂O/1 mol C₄H₁₀ = 0.825 mol H₂O

Step 4: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.825 mol of H₂O

The molar mass of H₂O is 18.02 g/mol.

0.825 mol × 18.02 g/mol = 14.9 g

Answer: The correct option is C (One of the fatty acid salts was unsaturated, and it completely isomerized under the reaction conditions).

Explanation:

Fats and oils belongs to a general group of compounds known as lipids. Fatty acids are weak acid and are divided into two:

--> Saturated fatty acids: These have NO double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain, and

--> Unsaturated fatty acids: These have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain.

SAPONIFICATION is defined as the process by which fats and oil is hydrolyzed with caustic alkali to yield propane-1,2,3-triol and the corresponding sodium salt of the component fatty acids. During this process, One hydroxide ion is required to hydrolyze one ester linkage of a triacylglycerol molecule. Because there are three ester linkages in a triacylglycerol, three equivalents of sodium hydroxide will be needed to completely saponify the triacylglycerol. This explains the reason why saponification of the triacylglycerol iresulted in four different fatty acid salts.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

Option A. Solution B is basic, and solution A is neutral.

Explanation:

The pH of a solution is simply defined as the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 with the following readings:

0 to 6 => Acidic solution

7 => Neutral solution

8 to 14 => Alkaline / basic solution.

From the above, we understood that solutions with pH ranging from 0 to 6 are acidic solutions. Those with pH of 7 are neutral solutions while those with pH ranging from 8 to 14 are basic solutions.

With the above information in mind, let us answer the question given above. This is illustrated below:

pH of solution A = 7

pH of solution B = 14

Solution A has a pH of 7. This implies that solution A is a neutral solution

Solution B has a pH of 14. This implies that solution B is a basic solution.

Thus, option A gives the correct answer to the question.

Answer:

0.01228s⁻¹ = rate constant

Half-life = 56.4s

Explanation:

The first order reaction follows the equation:

ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]₀

Where [A] is amount of reactant after time t = 45.0%, k is rate constante and [A]₀ initial amount of reactant = 100%

ln[45%] = -k*65s + ln[100%]

-0.7985 = -k*65s

0.01228s⁻¹ = rate constant

Half-life is:

Half-life = ln2 / k

Answer: The millimoles of potassium iodide the chemist has added to the flask is 522 millimoles.

Explanation:

Given: Volume of KI = 370.0 mL (1 mL = 0.001 L) = 0.37 L

Molarity of KI solution = 1.41 mol/L

Now, moles of KI (potassium iodide) is calculated as follows.

[tex]Moles = Volume \times Molarity \\= 0.37 L \times 1.41 M\\= 0.5217 mol[/tex]

Convert moles into millimoles as follows.

1 mol = 1000 millimoles

0.5217 mol = [tex]0.5217 mol \times \frac{1000 millimoles}{1 mol} = 521.7 millimoles[/tex]

This can be rounded off to the value 522 millimoles.

Thus, we can conclude that the millimoles of potassium iodide the chemist has added to the flask is 522 millimoles.

Answer:

Explanation:

[H+] = 0.1x0.03x2 + 0.2x0.03 = 0.012 mol

[OH-] = 0.001x0.05x2 = 0.0001 mol

=> [H+] dư = 0.012 - 0.0001 =0.0119 mol

pH = -log[H+] = 1.92

Answer:

hi I used your code you got it

Answer:

d

Explanation:

cuaase that it sirhal

The chemical formula PbCl₂(s) represented by:

A) a substance

The chemical formula PbCl₂(s) represents a substance. A substance is a single, pure chemical entity with a definite composition. It can be an element, a compound, or an alloy.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture.

A reaction is a process in which one or more substances are transformed into one or more new substances.

Therefore, the chemical formula PbCl₂(s) represents a substance, and the answer is (A).

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Answer:

0.2 M

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

There are different ways to express the concentration of a solution. We will calculate molarity, which is one of the most used.

Step 2: Calculate the moles of sucrose

The molar mass of sucrose is 342.3 g/mol.

15 g × 1 mol/342.3 g = 0.044 mol

Step 3: Calculate the molarity of the solution

Molarity is equal to the moles of solute divided by the liters of solution.

M = 0.044 mol/0.2 L = 0.2 M

Answer: The molarity of NaCl solution is 0.0489 M

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the amount of solute expressed in the number of moles present per liter of solution. The units of molarity are mol/L. The formula used to calculate molarity:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{\text{Given mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (mL)}}[/tex] .....(1)

We are given:

Given mass of NaCl = 0.8 g

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Volume of the solution = 280 mL

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{0.8\times 1000}{58.44\times 280}\\\\\text{Molarity of solution}=0.0489M[/tex]

Hence, the molarity of NaCl solution is 0.0489 M

Answer:

aasjajiakjka

Explanation:

Answer:

MgO

Explanation:

Answer:

C) isoleucine

Explanation:

Isoleucine is among nine necessary amino acids in humans (found in dietary proteins). It has a variety of physiological activities, including aiding tissue repair, nitrogenous waste detoxification, immunological stimulation, and hormonal production promotion. When attached at a binding site, they are capable of providing a side chain thereby increasing the hydrophobicity at the binding site.

Answer:

33.8 g Solution

Explanation:

A chemistry student needs 15.0 g of methanol for an experiment. The concentration of ethanol in the solution is 44.4% w/w, that is, there are 44.4 g of methanol every 100 g of solution. The mass of solution that would contain 15.0 g of methanol is:

15.0 g Methanol × 100 g Solution/44.4 g Methanol = 33.8 g Solution

Since 33.8 g are required and 320. g are available, there is enough solution for the requirements.

Answer:

MoO₃

Explanation:

To solve this question we must find the moles of molybdenum in Mo2O3. The moles of Mo remain constant in the new oxide. With the differences in masses we can find the mass of oxygen and its moles obtaining the empirical formula as follows:

Moles Mo2O3 -Molar mass: 239,878g/mol-

11.79g * (1mol / 239.878g) = 0.04915 moles Mo2O3 * (2mol Mo / 1mol Mo2O3) = 0.09830 moles Mo

Mass Mo in the oxides:

0.09830 moles Mo * (95.95g/mol) = 9.432g Mo

Mass oxygen in the new oxide:

14.151g - 9.432g = 4.719g oxygen

Moles Oxygen:

4.719g oxygen * (1mol/16g) = 0.2949 moles O

The ratio of moles of O/Mo:

0.2949molO / 0.09830mol Mo = 3

That means there are 3 moles of oxygen per mole of Molybdenum and the empirical formula is: