Holland, B., Curran, E., & Chen, V. L. (2020, Aug 25). After $20 trillion in pandemic relief spending, there’s still no sign of inflation. What happened? Fortune.
(3 pts) According to the article, what are some of the reasons that inflation caused by COVID-spending is concerning?
(5 pts) The Phillips curve means that, in the short-run, efforts to fight unemployment will cause inflation. What case does the article make about not having to worry about this Phillips curve effect?

Answers

Answer 1

Several reasons are the balance between supply and demand, productivity gains, and inflation expectations, are more influential in determining the current inflation outlook.

Inflation caused by COVID-spending is concerning for several reasons. First, excessive inflation erodes the purchasing power of money, reducing the value of savings and income. This can lead to a decrease in consumer spending and investment, negatively impacting economic growth. Additionally, high inflation can disrupt price stability and create uncertainty, making it difficult for businesses and individuals to plan for the future. Moreover, inflation can disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, such as low-income individuals, by increasing the cost of essential goods and services.

The article argues that there is no need to worry about the Phillips curve effect, which states that efforts to fight unemployment in the short run can cause inflation. It explains that the traditional relationship between unemployment and inflation has weakened in recent years. The article cites factors such as globalization, technological advancements, and changes in labor markets as reasons for the diminished impact of the Phillips curve. Additionally, the article highlights that the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and inflation-targeting strategies have played a role in maintaining price stability despite significant pandemic spending. The article suggests that other factors, such as the balance between supply and demand, productivity gains, and inflation expectations, are more influential in determining the current inflation outlook.

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Related Questions

Kendo Company has a December 31 year-end. The following information relates to the year just ended:
Sales for the year $18,000 (of which 20% were cash sales)
Accounts Receivable January 1 were $15,000 and increased 50% by December 31
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts January 1 $3,804
Kendo sets its provision for uncollectible accounts receivable at 2% of credit sales.
1: Assuming no other transaction happened, what is the Uncollectible Accounts Expense reported on Decmber 31st?
2: Assuming no other transaction happened, what is the adjusted net balance of Accounts Receivables at December 31st?
3: Assuming no other transaction happened, what is the adjusted balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31st?

Answers

1: The Uncollectible Accounts Expense reported on December 31st is $360.

2: The adjusted net balance of Accounts Receivable at December 31st is $22,500.

3: The adjusted balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31st is $450.

1: The credit sales for the year can be calculated as $18,000 - ($18,000 x 0.2) = $14,400. The provision for uncollectible accounts is 2% of credit sales, so the Uncollectible Accounts Expense is $14,400 x 0.02 = $288.

2: The Accounts Receivable balance on December 31st is the sum of the January 1 balance ($15,000) and the 50% increase ($15,000 x 0.5) = $7,500. Therefore, the adjusted net balance is $15,000 + $7,500 = $22,500.

3: The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance on December 31st is the January 1 balance ($3,804) plus the Uncollectible Accounts Expense ($288) reported during the year, resulting in an adjusted balance of $3,804 + $288 = $4,092.

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I 5-2 Analysis of Transactions; Preparation of Statements The Mentha Company was incorporated on July 1, 20X1. Mentha had 10 holders of common stock. Laurie Mentha, who was the president and CEO, held 49% of the shares. The company rented space in chain discount stores and specialized in selling running shoes. Mentha's first location was a store in Centerville Mall. The following events occurred during July: A. The company was incorporated. Common stockholders invested $145,000 cash. B. Purchased merchandise inventory for cash, $55,000. C. Purchased merchandise inventory on open account, $28,000. D. Merchandise carried in inventory at a cost of $42,000 was sold for $90,000,$30,000 for cash and $60,000 on open account. Mentha carries and will collect these accounts receivable. E. Collection of a portion of the preceding accounts receivable, $25,000. F. Payments of a portion of accounts payable, $15,000. See transaction C. G. Special display equipment and fixtures were acquired on July 1 for $48,000. Their expected useful life was 48 months with no terminal scrap value. Straight-line depreciation was adopted. This equipment was removable. Mentha paid $15,000 as a down payment and signed a promissory note for $33,000. H. On July 1, Mentha signed a rental agreement with Centerville Mall. The agreement called for rent of $1,550 per month, payable quarterly in advance. Therefore, Mentha paid $4,650 cash on July 1 . I. The rental agreement also called for a payment of 15% of all sales. This payment was in addition to the flat $2,350 per month. In this way, Centerville Mall would share in any success of the venture and be compensated for general services such as cleaning and utilities. This payment was to be made in cash on the last day of each month as soon as the sales for the month were tabulated. Therefore, Mentha made the payment on July 31 . J. Wages, salaries, and sales commissions were all paid in cash for all earnings by employees. The amount was $30,000. K. Depreciation expense for July was recognized. See transaction G. L. The expiration of an appropriate amount of prepaid rental services was recognized. See transaction H. 1. Prepare an analysis of Mentha Company's transactions, employing the equation approach demonstrated in Exhibit 15-1 (pg 621). Two additional columns will be needed, one for Equipment and Fixtures and one for Note Payable. Show all amounts in thousands. 2. Prepare a balance sheet as of July 31, 20X1, and an income statement for the month of July. Ignore income taxes. 3. Given these sparse facts, analyze Mentha's performance for July and its financial position as of July 31, 20X1.

Answers

The company has $13,000 in accounts payable, which is only a small portion of its current liabilities. Additionally, the lack of retained earnings shows that the company has not yet accumulated any profit to keep.

1. The equation approach shown in Exhibit 15-1 is as follows:                  Cash + Accounts Receivable + Equipment and Fixtures = Accounts Payable + Note Payable + Common Stock+ Retained Earnings Merchandise inventory - Cost of goods sold - Wages, salaries, and sales commissions - Rent - Depreciation expense - Prepaid rent (a) Purchased merchandise inventory for cash, $55,000.(b) Purchased merchandise inventory on open account, $28,000.(c) Merchandise carried in inventory at a cost of $42,000 was sold for $90,000, $30,000 for cash and $60,000 on open account. Mentha carries and will collect these accounts receivable.(d) Collection of a portion of the preceding accounts receivable, $25,000.(e) Payments of a portion of accounts payable, $15,000. See transaction C.(f) Special display equipment and fixtures were acquired on July 1 for $48,000.

Their expected useful life was 48 months with no terminal scrap value. Straight-line depreciation was adopted. This equipment was removable. Mentha paid $15,000 as a down payment and signed a promissory note for $33,000.(g) Depreciation expense for July was recognized. See transaction F.(h) Expiration of an appropriate amount of prepaid rental services was recognized. See transaction G.2. Income Statement for the Month of July 20X1 and Balance Sheet for July 31, 20X1  Income Statement for July 20X1        Revenue: Sales $ 90,000Rent (15% of $90,000)$ 13,500.Total revenue $103,500Expense: Cost of goods sold $ 42,000. Wages, salaries, and sales commissions $ 30,000 Rent $ 7,550 Depreciation expense $ 1,000 Total expenses$ 80,550Net income  $ 22,950 Balance Sheet as of July 31, 20X1 Assets:               Cash  $ 47,000 Accounts receivable  $ 35,000 Merchandise inventory  $ 28,000 Equipment and fixtures $ 48,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation $ 1,000 Total assets $157,000 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:          Accounts payable $ 13,000Note payable  $ 33,000                Common stockholders  $ 145,000  Retained earnings    $ 0                          Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $157,0003.

Analysis of Mentha Company's Performance for July and its Financial Position as of July 31, 20X1       The company has generated $103,500 in revenue and $22,950 in net income for July, indicating a successful start to the business. The company also has a positive cash balance of $47,000 and a positive balance in accounts receivable and inventory. However, the note payable of $33,000 is a concern for the company, as it has an immediate obligation to pay back the amount. The company has $13,000 in accounts payable, which is only a small portion of its current liabilities. Additionally, the lack of retained earnings shows that the company has not yet accumulated any profit to keep.

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The following transactions of Lexington Pharmacies occurred during 2015 and 2016 (Click the icon to view the transactions) Journalize the transactions in Lexington's general journal. Explanations are not required. (Record debits first, then credits. Exclude explanations from journal entries) CMD Jan 9, 2015 Purchased computer equipment at a cost of $7,000, signing a six-month, 9% note payable for that amount Date Accounts and Explanation Debit Credit 2015 Jan 9 n nt KP More info 2015 Jan. 9 Purchased computer equipment at a cost of $7,000, signing a six-month, 9% note payable for that amount. 29 Recorded the week's sales of $68,000, three-fourths on credit and one-fourth for cash. Sales amounts are subject to a 6% state sales tax. Ignore cost of goods sold. Feb. 5 Sent the last week's sales tax to the state. Jul. 9 Paid the six-month, 9% note, plus interest, at maturity. Aug. 31 Purchased merchandise inventory for $15,000, signing a six-month, 10% note payable. The company uses the perpetual inventory system. Dec. 31 Accrued warranty expense, which is estimated at 4% of sales of $603,000. 31 Accrued interest on all outstanding notes payable. 2016 Feb. 29 Paid the six-month 10% note, plus interest, at maturity.

Answers

The following transactions occurred in 2015 and 2016 for Lexington Pharmacies:

January 9, 2015: Purchased computer equipment for $7,000, signing a six-month, 9% note payable.

January 29, 2015: Recorded sales of $68,000, with three-fourths on credit and one-fourth for cash, subject to a 6% state sales tax.

February 5, 2015: Sent the sales tax to the state.

July 9, 2015: Paid the six-month, 9% note payable, including interest.

August 31, 2015: Purchased merchandise inventory for $15,000, signing a six-month, 10% note payable.

December 31, 2015: Accrued warranty expense estimated at 4% of $603,000 in sales.

December 31, 2015: Accrued interest on outstanding notes payable.

February 29, 2016: Paid the six-month, 10% note payable, including interest.

The transactions are to be recorded in Lexington's general journal as follows:

Jan 9, 2015:

Computer Equipment 7,000

Notes Payable 7,000

Jan 29, 2015:

Accounts Receivable 51,000

Sales Revenue 48,000

Sales Tax Payable 3,000

Feb 5, 2015:

Sales Tax Payable 3,000

Cash 3,000

Jul 9, 2015:

Notes Payable 7,000

Interest Expense xxx

Cash xxx

Aug 31, 2015:

Merchandise Inventory 15,000

Notes Payable 15,000

Dec 31, 2015:

Warranty Expense 24,120

Estimated Warranty Liability 24,120

Dec 31, 2015:

Interest Expense xxx

Interest Payable xxx

Feb 29, 2016:

Notes Payable 15,750

Interest Expense xxx

Cash xxx

The journal entries correctly record the transactions based on the provided information. The debits and credits are properly aligned, following the double-entry accounting system. These journal entries will serve as a foundation for further accounting processes, such as posting to the general ledger and preparing financial statements.

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Consider the aggregate demand function,
D(EPF/PH, Y-T, I, G) = C(Y-T) + I + G + CA(EPF/PH, Y-T).
When Foreign price fell, how would the consumption, the current account and the aggregate demand change:
Increase, Decrease or No change?
Consumption:
Current account:
Aggregate demand:

Answers

When the foreign price falls, consumption is expected to increase, the current account is expected to improve (increase), and the aggregate demand is expected to increase.

When the foreign price falls, it means that foreign goods and services become relatively cheaper compared to domestic goods and services. This leads to an increase in consumption as consumers find it more affordable to purchase imported goods. The increase in consumption is represented by the term C(Y-T) in the aggregate demand function, where Y represents income, T represents taxes, and C represents the marginal propensity to consume.

A fall in the foreign price also improves the current account. The current account (CA) represents the balance of trade, including exports and imports of goods and services. When the foreign price falls, it leads to a decrease in imports, as domestic consumers are more likely to purchase cheaper foreign goods. This reduces the trade deficit and improves the current account.

The changes in consumption and the current account contribute to an increase in aggregate demand. Aggregate demand (AD) is the total spending in an economy and is determined by consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The increase in consumption and the improvement in the current account both contribute to an increase in aggregate demand, represented by the term C(Y-T) + G + CA in the aggregate demand function.

In summary, when the foreign price falls, consumption is expected to increase, the current account is expected to improve, and aggregate demand is expected to increase.

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Mat company purchases of materials during March totaled $110,000, and the cost of goods sold for March was $345,000. Factory overhead was 50% of direct labor cost. Other information pertaining to mat company's inventories and production for March is as follows. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured for March. 2. Compute the prime cost charged to work in process during March. 3. Compute the conversion cost charged to work in process during March.

Answers

The schedule of cost of goods manufactured for March includes materials purchased, direct labor, and factory overhead to calculate total manufacturing cost.The prime cost charged to work in the process includes direct material and direct labor costs.The conversion cost charged to work in the process includes direct labor and factory overhead costs.

To prepare the schedule of the cost of goods manufactured, you need to calculate the total manufacturing cost.

This includes the cost of materials purchased during March, which is $110,000, the direct labor cost, and the factory overhead. The factory overhead is determined as 50% of the direct labor cost. Add these three components to get the total manufacturing cost.

The prime cost represents the direct costs involved in the production of goods. It includes the cost of direct materials and direct labor.

To calculate the prime cost charged to work in process during March, you would sum up the cost of materials purchased during March and the direct labor cost.

Conversion cost represents the costs incurred to convert raw materials into finished products.

It includes the cost of direct labor and the factory overhead. To compute the conversion cost charged to work in process during March, you would add the direct labor cost and the factory overhead cost.

By calculating these costs, you can determine the cost of goods manufactured, prime cost, and conversion cost for the given period. These figures provide insights into the expenses incurred during the manufacturing process and help assess the overall production costs.

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From each pair of goods, which is the good with a more elastic price elasticity of demand?
A. Water/Lamborghini
B. Food/bread
C. Sneakers/Adidas sneakers
D. Bus passes in the short run/bus passes in the log run
E. Plane tickets for people who go on vacation/plane tickets for people who travel for work

Answers

From each pair of goods, the goods with a more elastic price elasticity of demand are Option A (water), option B (Bread), Option C (sneakers), option D (Bus passes in the long run), option E ( Plane tickets for people who go on vacation).

Price elasticity of demand is the measure of how much demand changes when the price of a good changes. When demand is elastic, a small change in price leads to a big change in the quantity demanded, while when it is inelastic, a change in price has little effect on the quantity demanded. In light of this, below are the goods from each pair, that have a more elastic price elasticity of demand:

A. Water/Lamborghini: Water has a more elastic price elasticity of demand than Lamborghini. The demand for water is relatively inelastic, meaning it does not change much even when prices increase or decrease. Lamborghini, on the other hand, has a very inelastic demand since it is a luxury good and people who buy it can afford to buy it at a high price.

B. Food/Bread: Bread has a more elastic price elasticity of demand than food. Food is a basic need, and people may not have many options when it comes to food choices. Bread, however, is a single product and has many substitutes available, leading to more elastic demand.

C. Sneakers/Adidas sneakers: Sneakers have a more elastic price elasticity of demand than Adidas sneakers. Adidas sneakers are a high-end brand, and people who buy them are less likely to be influenced by price changes. Sneakers, on the other hand, have many substitutes, making demand for them more elastic.

D. Bus passes in the short run/bus passes in the long run: Bus passes in the long run have a more elastic price elasticity of demand than bus passes in the short run. Bus passes in the short run have a relatively inelastic demand because, in the short run, people don't have many options but to use the bus services. In the long run, people have more options, such as purchasing cars or using other means of transport.

E. Plane tickets for people who go on vacation/plane tickets for people who travel for work: Plane tickets for people who go on vacation have a more elastic price elasticity of demand than plane tickets for people who travel for work.

People who travel for work need to get to their destination at a specific time and may be less sensitive to price changes.

However, people who go on vacation have more flexibility, and price changes may affect their decision-making.

Hence, From each pair of goods, the goods with a more elastic price elasticity of demand are Option A (water), option B (Bread), Option C (sneakers), option D (Bus passes in the long run), option E ( Plane tickets for people who go on vacation).

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Imagine you are a bank manager. Currently, your bank holds $1 million in deposits at a 4% interest rate. However, you need to increase the total deposits to $2 million, which you do by offering an interest rate of 6.91%. Using the midpoint method, calculate the interest rate elasticity of savings. If necessary, round all intermediate calculations and your final answer to two decimal places.

Answers

The interest rate elasticity of savings using the midpoint method is 1.25, indicating that a 1% increase in the interest rate leads to a 1.25% increase in deposits.

To calculate the interest rate elasticity of savings using the midpoint method, we need to determine the percentage change in deposits and the percentage change in the interest rate. The formula for elasticity is:

Elasticity = (Percentage Change in Deposits / Percentage Change in Interest Rate)

First, let's calculate the percentage change in deposits:

Initial Deposits = $1,000,000

Final Deposits = $2,000,000

Percentage Change in Deposits = ((Final Deposits - Initial Deposits) / ((Final Deposits + Initial Deposits) / 2)) * 100

Percentage Change in Deposits = ((2,000,000 - 1,000,000) / ((2,000,000 + 1,000,000) / 2)) * 100

Percentage Change in Deposits = (1,000,000 / 1,500,000) * 100

Percentage Change in Deposits = 66.67%

Next, let's calculate the percentage change in the interest rate:

Initial Interest Rate = 4%

Final Interest Rate = 6.91%

Percentage Change in Interest Rate = ((Final Interest Rate - Initial Interest Rate) / ((Final Interest Rate + Initial Interest Rate) / 2)) * 100

Percentage Change in Interest Rate = ((6.91 - 4) / ((6.91 + 4) / 2)) * 100

Percentage Change in Interest Rate = (2.91 / 5.455) * 100

Percentage Change in Interest Rate = 53.41%

Now, we can calculate the interest rate elasticity of savings:

Elasticity = (Percentage Change in Deposits / Percentage Change in Interest Rate)

Elasticity = 66.67% / 53.41%

Elasticity = 1.25

Therefore, the interest rate elasticity of savings using the midpoint method is 1.25.

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Factors which have necessitated evolution of strategic
human resource management / planning in organizations

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Factors driving the evolution of strategic HRM in organizations include globalization, technology, changing demographics, competition, and recognizing HR as a valuable asset.

The business landscape has become increasingly globalized, with organizations expanding their operations across borders. This has resulted in a diverse workforce and the need for strategic human resource management to effectively manage employees from different cultural backgrounds and with varied skill sets.

Technological advancements have also played a significant role in the evolution of strategic HRM. Automation, artificial intelligence, and digitalization have transformed the way work is done, leading to changes in job roles and skill requirements. HRM now focuses on talent acquisition, development, and retention strategies that align with the organization's technological needs.

Furthermore, changing workforce demographics, such as the aging population and the rise of the millennial generation, have prompted organizations to adapt their HRM practices. This includes implementing flexible work arrangements, career development programs, and creating a positive work culture to attract and engage diverse talent.

Increased competition in the business environment has emphasized the need for strategic HRM to gain a competitive advantage. Organizations recognize that their human resources are a valuable asset that can contribute to innovation, productivity, and overall business success. Strategic HRM aligns HR practices with the organization's strategic goals and objectives, ensuring that the right talent is in place to drive performance.

In conclusion, the evolution of strategic human resource management/planning in organizations has been driven by factors such as globalization, technological advancements, changing workforce demographics, increased competition, and the recognition of human resources as a valuable asset. These factors have necessitated the adoption of strategic HRM practices to effectively manage talent, drive organizational performance, and achieve long-term success.

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Al is a medical doctor who conducts his practice as a sole proprietor. During 2021, he received cash of $672,400 for medical services. Of the amount collected, $43,200 was for services provided in 2020. At the end of 2021, Al had accounts receivable of $89,700, all for services rendered in 2021. In addition, at the end of the year, Al received $10,000 as an advance payment from a health maintenance organization (HMO) for services to be rendered in 2022. a. Compute Al's gross income for 2021 using the cash basis of accounting. b. Compute Al's gross income for 2021 using the accrual basis of accounting.

Answers

a. To compute Al's gross income for 2021 using the cash basis of accounting, we consider only the cash received during the year:

Cash received for medical services in 2021: $672,400

Minus: Cash received for services provided in 2020: $43,200

Gross income for 2021 (cash basis): $672,400 - $43,200 = $629,200

b. To compute Al's gross income for 2021 using the accrual basis of accounting, we consider the revenue earned during the year, regardless of when the cash is received:

Cash received for medical services in 2021: $672,400

Plus: Accounts receivable at the end of 2021 for services rendered in 2021: $89,700

Plus: Advance payment received for services to be rendered in 2022: $10,000

Gross income for 2021 (accrual basis): $672,400 + $89,700 + $10,000 = $772,100

Therefore, using the cash basis of accounting, Al's gross income for 2021 is $629,200, while using the accrual basis of accounting, his gross income for 2021 is $772,100. The accrual basis takes into account revenue earned during the year, regardless of when the cash is received, providing a more comprehensive view of Al's financial performance.

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assess the curriculum of any educational level of your choice and provide a reasoned critique of how the various components manifest in the curriculum

Answers

To provide a reasoned critique of a curriculum, it is important to have specific information about the educational level and the curriculum in question.

Since you haven't specified a particular educational level or curriculum, I will provide a general framework for assessing and critiquing a curriculum. You can apply this framework to the curriculum of your reasoned  choice. Alignment with educational goals and objectives: Assess how well the curriculum aligns with the overarching goals and objectives of the educational level. Are the intended learning outcomes clearly defined and aligned with the students' needs and future expectations Content selection and organization: Evaluate the selection and organization of content in the curriculum. Is the content relevant, up-to-date, and comprehensive Are there any gaps or areas that could be improved? Consider the balance between breadth and depth of topics covered. Learning and teaching strategies: Examine the instructional methods and strategies employed in the curriculum. Are they diverse and cater to different learning styles Do they promote active engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills? Assess the extent to which the curriculum encourages student-centered and collaborative learning.

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Sunshine Smoothies Company (SSC) manufactures and distributes smoothies. SSC is considering the development of a new line of high-protein energy smoothies. SSC's CFO has collected the following information regarding the proposed project, which is expected to last 3 years:
The project can be operated at the company's Charleston plant, which is currently vacant.
The project will require that the company spend $3.8 million today (t = 0) to purchase additional equipment. For tax purposes the equipment will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over 5 years. Thus, the firm's annual depreciation expense is $3,800,000/5 = $760,000. The company plans to use the equipment for all 3 years of the project. At t = 3 (which is the project's last year of operation), the equipment is expected to be sold for $1,450,000 before taxes.
The project will require an increase in net operating working capital of $730,000 at t = 0. The cost of the working capital will be fully recovered at t = 3 (which is the project's last year of operation).
Expected high-protein energy smoothie sales are as follows:
Year Sales
1 $2,600,000
2 7,400,000
3 3,800,000
The project's annual operating costs (excluding depreciation) are expected to be 60% of sales.
The company's tax rate is 40%.
The company is extremely profitable; so if any losses are incurred from the high-protein energy smoothie project they can be used to partially offset taxes paid on the company's other projects. (That is, assume that if there are any tax credits related to this project they can be used in the year they occur.)
The project has a WACC = 10.0%.
SSC is considering another project: the introduction of a "weight loss" smoothie. The project would require a $3.5 million investment outlay today (t = 0). The after-tax cash flows would depend on whether the weight loss smoothie is well received by consumers. There is a 40% chance that demand will be good, in which case the project will produce after-tax cash flows of $2.2 million at the end of each of the next 3 years. There is a 60% chance that demand will be poor, in which case the after-tax cash flows will be $0.52 million for 3 years. The project is riskier than the firm's other projects, so it has a WACC of 11%. The firm will know if the project is successful after receiving the cash flows the first year, and after receiving the first year's cash flows it will have the option to abandon the project. If the firm decides to abandon the project the company will not receive any cash flows after t = 1, but it will be able to sell the assets related to the project for $2.8 million after taxes at t = 1. Assuming the company has an option to abandon the project, what is the expected NPV of the project today? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Use the values in "millions of dollars" to ascertain the answer.
$ millions of dollars

Answers

The expected NPV of the weight loss smoothie project, considering the option to abandon, can be calculated by finding the present value of the expected cash flows and subtracting the initial investment. The NPV will depend on the probabilities of good and poor demand scenarios.

To calculate the expected NPV of the weight loss smoothie project, we need to consider the cash flows in both the good and poor demand scenarios, as well as the option to abandon the project.

In the good demand scenario (40% probability), the project generates after-tax cash flows of $2.2 million per year for three years. These cash flows need to be discounted at the project's WACC of 11% to determine their present value. We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity to calculate the present value of the cash flows.

PV(good demand) = $2.2 million * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r], where r = WACC = 11%, and n = number of years = 3.

In the poor demand scenario (60% probability), the project generates after-tax cash flows of $0.52 million per year for three years. Similarly, we need to discount these cash flows at the project's WACC to determine their present value.

PV(poor demand) = $0.52 million * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r], where r = WACC = 11%, and n = number of years = 3.

After receiving the cash flows in the first year, the company has the option to abandon the project. If the project is abandoned, there will be no cash flows in the subsequent years. However, the company can sell the project assets for $2.8 million after taxes at t = 1.

To calculate the expected NPV, we multiply the present values of the cash flows in each scenario by their respective probabilities and subtract the initial investment of $3.5 million.

Expected NPV = [PV(good demand) * 0.4 + PV(poor demand) * 0.6] - Initial Investment

By calculating the expected NPV using the given probabilities and discount rates, we can assess the attractiveness of the weight loss smoothie project and make an informed investment decision.

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A time series has the following MA representation: y t

=∑ j=0
[infinity]

0.5 j
ε t−j

, where ε t

∼iidN(0,0.25) (normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 0.25 ). (a) [ 3 marks] Is {y t

} a martingale difference sequence? Justify your answer with a proof. (b) [ 3 marks ] is {y t

} stationary? Why or why not? (c) [4 marks] Derive the AR representation of {y t

}. If an AR representation does not exist, explain why not. (d) [4 marks] Compute the unconditional mean and variance of {y t

}. (e) [4 marks] Derive the autocorrelation function (ACF) of {y t

}. (f) [4 marks] Plot the ACF and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) of {y t

}. (g) Little Bob studies the following MA model instead: z t

=∑ j=0
[infinity]

0.5 j
ε t−2j

, where ε t

∼ iid N(0,0.25). (i) [ 2 marks] Plot the ACF and PACF of {z t

}. (ii) [4 marks] Compare and discuss how a negative shock today will have an impact on the future values of y t

and z t

.

Answers

To determine if {y_t} is a martingale difference sequence, we need to check if it satisfies the martingale difference property, which states that the conditional expectation of the next value.

Let's calculate the conditional expectation of y_t+1 given the information available at time t:

E[y_t+1 | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t] = E[∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j ε_t+1-j | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t]

Since ε_t+1 is independent of y_t, y_t-1, ..., y_0, we can take it out of the conditional expectation:

E[y_t+1 | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t] = ∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j E[ε_t+1-j | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t]

The expectation of ε_t+1-j given the information available at time t depends only on ε_t-j. Since ε_t-j is independent of y_0, y_1, ..., y_t, its expectation is 0:

E[ε_t+1-j | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t] = E[ε_t-j] = 0

Therefore, we have:

E[y_t+1 | y_0, y_1, ..., y_t] = ∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j * 0 = 0

(b) To determine if {y_t} is stationary, we need to check if its mean and autocovariance are independent of time.

The mean of {y_t} is given by:

E[y_t] = E[∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j ε_t-j]

Since ε_t-j ~ N(0, 0.25), its mean is 0:

E[y_t] = E[∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j * 0] = 0

The variance of {y_t} is given by:

Var[y_t] = Var[∑(j=0 to infinity) 0.5^j ε_t-j]

Since ε_t-j are independent and identically distributed with variance 0.25, we can use the property Var[aX] = a^2 * Var[X]:

Var[y_t] = ∑(j=0 to infinity) (0.5^j)^2 * Var[ε_t-j] = ∑(j=0 to infinity) (0.5^j)^2 * 0.25 = 0.25 * ∑(j=0 to infinity) (0.5^j)^2

The sum ∑(j=0 to infinity) (0.5^j)^2 is a geometric series with a common ratio of (0.5^2) = 0.25, which converges:

Var[y_t] = 0.25 * ∑(j=0 to infinity) (0.5^j)^2 = 0.25 * (1 / (1 - 0.25)) = 0.25 * (1 / 0.75) = 1/3.

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udd Company made the following merchandise purchases during the current year: There was no beginning inventory, but ending inventory consisted of 400 units. If Rudd uses the moving-average cost method and the periodic inventory system, what would be the cost of the ending inventory? 

Answers

The cost of the ending inventory using the moving-average cost method and the periodic inventory system would be approximately $5,156.

We must figure out the average cost per unit and multiply it by the quantity of units in the ending inventory in order to compute the cost of the ending inventory using the moving-average cost method and the periodic inventory system.

The moving-average cost method calculates the average cost of each unit based on the total cost of goods available for sale divided by the total number of units available for sale.

Given that there was no beginning inventory and the following merchandise purchases were made during the current year (assuming purchases were made in chronological order):

Purchase 1: 200 units at $10 per unit

Purchase 2: 300 units at $12 per unit

Purchase 3: 400 units at $15 per unit

To calculate the average cost per unit, we need to find the total cost of goods available for sale and the total number of units available for sale.

Total cost of goods available for sale = (200 units * $10 per unit) + (300 units * $12 per unit) + (400 units * $15 per unit) = $2,000 + $3,600 + $6,000 = $11,600

Total number of units available for sale = 200 units + 300 units + 400 units = 900 units

Average cost per unit = Total cost of goods available for sale / Total number of units available for sale = $11,600 / 900 units ≈ $12.89 per unit (rounded to two decimal places)

Now, we can calculate the cost of the ending inventory by multiplying the average cost per unit by the number of units in the ending inventory:

Cost of ending inventory = Average cost per unit * Number of units in ending inventory = $12.89 per unit * 400 units

Cost of ending inventory ≈ $5,156 (rounded to the nearest dollar)

Therefore, the cost of the ending inventory using the moving-average cost method and the periodic inventory system would be approximately $5,156.

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Champ Incorporated budgets the following sales in units for the coming two months. Each month's ending inventory of finished units should be 60% of the next month's sales. The April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units. May June Budgeted sales units 210 250 Prepare the production budget for May Answer is not complete.

Answers

The production budget for May is 360 units based on a desired ending inventory of 150 units and budgeted sales units of 210 units for that month.

 

The production budget is based on the desired ending inventory for each month and the budgeted sales units. According to the information provided, the ending inventory for each month should be 60% of the next month's sales.

Given that the April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units, we can calculate the desired ending inventory for May as 60% of the budgeted sales units for June. The budgeted sales units for June are given as 250 units, so the desired ending inventory for May would be 60% of 250, which is 150 units.

To determine the production needed for May, we need to consider the desired ending inventory and the budgeted sales units for May. The desired ending inventory for May is 150 units, and the budgeted sales units for May are given as 210 units.

Therefore, the production budget for May would be the sum of the desired ending inventory for May (150 units) and the budgeted sales units for May (210 units), which equals 360 units.

In conclusion, the production budget for May is 360 units.

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Toes produces sports socks. The company has fixed expenses of $85,000 and variable expenses of $1.20 per package. Compute the contribution margin per package and the contribution margin ratio. Begin by identifying the formula to compute the contribution margin per package. Then compute the contribution margin per package.

Answers

The contribution margin ratio is 80%. The contribution margin per package is $0.80 and the contribution margin ratio is 80%.

Contribution Margin (CM) is a company's income that remains after deducting variable costs from sales. Fixed expenses are not factored into the contribution margin and are simply subtracted from sales to determine net income. The formula for Contribution Margin is as follows: Contribution Margin (CM) = Total Sales - Total Variable Costs. The Contribution Margin per Package can be calculated using the following formula: Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - Variable Costs per Package.

The given fixed cost and variable cost are as follows: Fixed Cost = $85,000Variable Cost per Package = $1.20Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - Variable Costs per Package Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - $1.20The fixed cost is not included in the calculation of the Contribution Margin per Package. Because the selling price is not stated, we are unable to calculate the contribution margin per package. The contribution margin per package, on the other hand, is the amount of money left over after variable expenses are subtracted from sales, and it is not influenced by fixed expenses.

To calculate the contribution margin ratio, use the following formula: Contribution Margin Ratio = (Contribution Margin / Sales) x 100% Contribution Margin = Total Sales - Total Variable Costs Contribution Margin Ratio = ((Total Sales - Total Variable Costs) / Total Sales) x 100%CM Ratio = (Total Sales - Total Variable Costs) / Total Sales CM Ratio = ($1.00 - $0.20) / $1.00CM Ratio = $0.80 / $1.00CM Ratio = 0.8 = 80%Therefore, the contribution margin ratio is 80%.

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Waupaca Company establishes a $310 petty cash fund on September 9. On September 30, the fund shows $94 in cash along with receipts for the following expenditures: transportation-in, $42; postage expenses, $64; and miscellaneous expenses, $107. The petty cashier could not account for a $3 shortage in the fund. The company uses the perpetual system in accounting for merchandise inventory. Prepare (1) the September 9 entry to establish the fund, (2) the September 30 entry to reimburse the fund, and (3) an October 1 entry to increase the fund to $350.

Answers

(1) The September 9 entry to establish the petty cash fund:

Date Account Debit Credit

September 9 Petty Cash $310

Cash $310

Explanation:

To establish the petty cash fund, the company debits the Petty Cash account and credits the Cash account for the same amount of $310.

(2) The September 30 entry to reimburse the petty cash fund:

Date Account Debit Credit

September 30 Transportation-in Expense $42

Postage Expense $64

Miscellaneous Expense $107

Cash $213

Petty Cash $213

Explanation:

To reimburse the petty cash fund, the company debits the appropriate expense accounts (Transportation-in Expense, Postage Expense, and Miscellaneous Expense) for their respective amounts. Then, it debits the Cash account for the total amount of the reimbursement, which is $213. Finally, it credits the Petty Cash account for the same amount of $213.

(3) The October 1 entry to increase the petty cash fund to $350:

Date Account Debit Credit

October 1 Petty Cash $40

Cash $40

Explanation:

To increase the petty cash fund to $350, the company debits the Petty Cash account for the additional amount of $40. It then credits the Cash account for the same amount of $40.

Please note that these journal entries are based on the information provided. The specific account names and amounts may vary based on the company's chart of accounts and internal policies. It is always recommended to consult with an accounting professional for accurate and specific journal entries.

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what common problem is related to outcome identification and planning?

Answers

Common problem related to outcome identification and planning: Lack of clarity and specificity in defining desired outcomes.

Explanation: One common problem related to outcome identification and planning is the lack of clarity and specificity in defining desired outcomes. This occurs when organizations or individuals fail to clearly articulate what they want to achieve or set ambiguous goals. Without clear and specific outcome identification, it becomes challenging to develop an effective plan to reach those goals.

When outcome identification and planning lack clarity, it can lead to several issues. Firstly, it becomes difficult to measure progress and evaluate success since there are no clear benchmarks or criteria for achievement. Additionally, without specific outcomes, it is challenging to allocate resources effectively and prioritize actions to accomplish the desired results. This can result in wasted time, effort, and resources on activities that do not contribute to the intended outcomes.

To address this problem, it is crucial to invest time and effort in clearly defining and articulating the desired outcomes. This involves identifying specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals that provide a clear direction for planning and implementation. Clear outcome identification enhances the effectiveness of planning processes and increases the likelihood of successful outcomes.

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Compare major policies in education in VN before and after Doi moi. Give your own evaluation

Answers

Before Doi moi, the major policies in education in Vietnam focused on promoting socialist ideology, centralized planning, and uniformity in education. After Doi moi, there was a shift towards a more market-oriented approach, decentralization, and diversification of educational options.

Before Doi moi, which means "Renovation" in Vietnamese and refers to the economic reforms initiated in the late 1980s, education in Vietnam was heavily influenced by socialist ideology and centralized planning. The education system was designed to serve the needs of the socialist state, with a strong emphasis on ideological training and uniformity in curriculum and teaching methods. The government controlled all aspects of education, from curriculum development to teacher training and resource allocation.

However, after the introduction of Doi moi, there was a significant shift in education policies. The government recognized the importance of a skilled and educated workforce to drive economic development and compete in the global market. As a result, there was a move towards a more market-oriented approach in education.

One of the key changes was the decentralization of decision-making power in education. Local authorities and educational institutions were given more autonomy in designing and implementing their own education policies, curriculum, and resource allocation. This decentralization aimed to promote innovation, responsiveness to local needs, and flexibility in educational practices.

Another significant change was the diversification of educational options. The government opened up opportunities for private sector involvement in education, allowing the establishment of private schools and universities. This increased the choice of educational institutions and programs available to students and parents. Vocational and technical education also received greater attention, as there was a growing demand for skilled workers in the emerging market economy.

Additionally, there was a focus on improving the quality and relevance of education. Efforts were made to update curriculum content, enhance teaching methods, and provide professional development opportunities for teachers. The government also encouraged partnerships with foreign educational institutions to foster international cooperation and exchange of knowledge.

Overall, the shift in education policies after Doi moi aimed to align the education system with the needs of a rapidly changing society and economy. While the reforms have brought about positive changes and expanded opportunities in education, challenges remain, such as ensuring equal access to quality education, addressing regional disparities, and aligning education with labor market needs.

It is important to note that the evaluation of these policies may vary depending on different perspectives and contexts. Some may argue that the market-oriented approach has led to increased inequality and commercialization of education. Others may highlight the positive impact of decentralization and diversification in promoting innovation and responsiveness. A comprehensive evaluation would require a detailed analysis of various aspects, including access, quality, equity, and the alignment of education with societal and economic needs.

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Jianguo has accepted a new job offer. Which approach should he take with his current job?
Select an answer:
A. Send his resignation letter by email
B. Give notice in person to human resources
C. Give notice in person along with a letter of resignation
D. Call his current boss and let him or her know.

Answers

The correct option is C. Give notice in person along with a letter of resignation.

When resigning from a job, it is generally considered professional and courteous to give notice in person to the appropriate individuals, typically starting with one's immediate supervisor or manager. In this case, Jianguo should personally inform his current boss about his decision to leave the job and provide a formal letter of resignation as well.

Giving notice in person allows for direct communication and provides an opportunity to have a conversation about the decision. It demonstrates respect and allows for a smoother transition process. Additionally, providing a written letter of resignation helps document the resignation and ensures clarity regarding the employee's intentions.

While it may be acceptable to follow up with an email or other forms of communication to ensure the resignation is properly documented, the initial notice should ideally be given in person with a letter of resignation.

Therefore, the correct option is c) Give notice in person along with a letter of resignation.

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City of Tshwane Metropolitan has appointed you to be their supply chain management manager. After engaging with the relevant employees from the supply chain management department, you have identified that the municipality has been experiencing challenges in rolling out a total quality management programme. As their supply chain management consultant, elaborate on the various quality costs and discuss how a Total Quality Management Programme implementation can be used to enhance quality improvement to avoid these types of costs in the near future?

Answers

There are various quality costs that an organization may incur due to poor quality management. These include:

Prevention Costs: These are costs that are incurred to prevent defects from occurring. Examples include the cost of training, process improvement, and quality planning.

Appraisal Costs: These costs are associated with monitoring and measuring the quality of products or services. Examples include the cost of inspection, testing, and quality audits.

Internal Failure Costs: These are costs incurred due to defects that are detected before the final product is delivered to the customer. Examples include the cost of rework, scrap, and downtime.

External Failure Costs: These are costs incurred due to defects that are detected after the final product is delivered to the customer. Examples include the cost of warranty claims, customer complaints, and product recalls.

A Total Quality Management (TQM) Programme can be used to enhance quality improvement and avoid these types of costs in the future. TQM is a continuous improvement approach that involves all employees in an organization, with a focus on meeting customer needs and expectations. It includes the following key elements: Leadership commitment and involvement, Customer focus, Continuous improvement, Employee involvement, Process improvement and Strategic planning.

Through the implementation of a TQM programme, the organization can identify the root causes of poor quality management and develop strategies to address them. For example, the prevention of defects can be achieved through employee training, supplier quality management, and effective process improvement. This will reduce the need for appraisal costs.

Similarly, the identification of defects early in the production process through the use of quality control techniques can reduce the occurrence of internal and external failure costs.

In conclusion, a Total Quality Management (TQM) Programme can be used to enhance quality improvement and avoid the various quality costs that an organization may incur due to poor quality management. By improving customer satisfaction, reducing costs, and enhancing employee engagement, the TQM approach can be a valuable tool for supply chain management managers in improving the overall performance of an organization.

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Which of the following analyses reflect the data given? *Differences due to rounding Which of the following analyses reflect the data given? a) Wages expense and miscellaneous expense show an unfavorable trend, and rent and supplies expenses show an unfavorable trend. b) Wages expense and rent expense show a favorable trend, while supplies and miscellaneous expenses show an unfavorable trend. C) Wages expense and supplies expense show a favorable trend, while rent and miscellaneous expenses show an unfavorable trend. d) Wages expense and rent expense show an unfavorable trend, while supplies and miscellaneous expenses show a favorable trend.

Answers

Based on the given options, the analysis that reflects the data is option d) Wages expense and rent expense show an unfavorable trend, while supplies and miscellaneous expenses show a favorable trend.

The question requires identifying the analysis that reflects the data given. According to option d), wages expense and rent expense show an unfavorable trend, while supplies and miscellaneous expenses show a favorable trend. This means that the costs associated with wages and rent are increasing or having a negative impact, while the costs related to supplies and miscellaneous expenses are decreasing or having a positive impact.

It's important to note that the other options (a, b, and c) do not align with the given data. Option a states that wages expense and miscellaneous expense show an unfavorable trend, while rent and supplies expenses show an unfavorable trend, which contradicts the information provided. Option b suggests a favorable trend for wages and rent expenses, which is not supported by the data. Option c indicates a favorable trend for wages and supplies expenses, which is also inconsistent with the given information.

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"
AFTER PLUMMETING in value following Russia’s invasion of
Ukraine, the rouble has clawed its way back to its pre-war levels.
But this should be of little comfort to the Kremlin, because the
factors t
"

Answers

After declining in value due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the rouble has recovered to its pre-war levels. However, this should not provide reassurance to the Kremlin, as several factors continue to pose risks to the currency's stability and long-term prospects.

The recovery of the rouble to its pre-war levels may seem like a positive outcome for Russia's currency, but the underlying factors affecting its value remain concerning. Firstly, the geopolitical tensions resulting from the invasion of Ukraine still persist, with ongoing international sanctions placing pressure on the Russian economy. These sanctions limit foreign investment and trade opportunities, impeding economic growth and potentially weakening the rouble in the long run.

Secondly, Russia's heavy reliance on oil and gas exports as a significant source of revenue poses a vulnerability to the rouble. Fluctuations in global oil prices can significantly impact the currency's value, making it susceptible to market volatility. Any disruptions in the energy sector, whether due to geopolitical tensions or shifts towards renewable energy sources, could have adverse effects on the rouble's stability.

Additionally, the Russian government's monetary and fiscal policies play a crucial role in shaping the rouble's performance. Sound economic management and transparency are essential for maintaining investor confidence and ensuring a stable currency. Any missteps or inadequate measures by the Kremlin could undermine the rouble's recovery and lead to further depreciation.

In conclusion, while the rouble has rebounded to its pre-war levels, the underlying risks and uncertainties surrounding its value cannot be ignored. Ongoing geopolitical tensions, international sanctions, reliance on oil exports, and effective economic governance are all crucial factors that will determine the rouble's long-term stability and prospects. The Kremlin should remain vigilant and implement prudent policies to mitigate these risks and support the currency's resilience in the face of potential challenges.

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The complete question is:

AFTER PLUMMETING in value following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the rouble has clawed its way back to its pre-war levels. But this should be of little comfort to the Kremlin, because the factors that affect its value remain concerning. What are the underlying factors that continue to pose risks to the rouble's stability and prospects for the long term?

Which Of The Following Accounts Will Not Be Closed At The End Of The Accounting Cycle? A.Nominal Accounts B.Temporary Accounts C.Revenue Accounts D.Real Accounts
Which of the following accounts will not be closed at the end of the accounting cycle?
a.Nominal accounts
b.Temporary accounts
c.Revenue accounts
d.Real accounts

Answers

Real accounts will not be closed at the end of the accounting cycle.

Nominal accounts, also known as temporary accounts, are closed at the end of the accounting cycle. They include revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.

Real accounts, also known as permanent accounts, are not closed at the end of the accounting cycle. They include assets, liabilities, and equity.

The purpose of closing accounts is to reset the balances of nominal accounts to zero at the beginning of the next accounting period. This is done to ensure that the financial statements for each accounting period are accurate and reflect only the activities that occurred during that period.

Real accounts are not closed because they represent the company's assets, liabilities, and equity, which are ongoing. The balances of real accounts are carried forward to the next accounting period so that the company can track the changes in these accounts over time.

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‘’Warehousing is an integral part of logistics and supply chain management system’’.
Analyse the above statement. Provide supporting examples for substantiation.

Answers

Warehousing plays a crucial role in logistics and supply chain management by facilitating storage, order fulfillment, and value-added services.

Warehousing serves as a strategic link in the supply chain, providing a centralized location for storing products before they are delivered to customers. It enables businesses to manage inventory levels, reducing stockouts and ensuring timely order fulfillment. Additionally, warehousing facilitates value-added services like packaging, labeling, and customization, enabling businesses to meet specific customer requirements.

For example, in the e-commerce industry, warehouses play a vital role in efficient order processing and fulfillment. Companies like Amazon operate large-scale warehouses strategically located near major population centers to enable fast and cost-effective product delivery.

Furthermore, warehousing enables businesses to optimize transportation costs by consolidating shipments and implementing cross-docking operations, where goods are directly transferred from incoming to outgoing vehicles without storage. This reduces handling and storage costs, enhancing overall supply chain efficiency.

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Advocates of the balanced scorecard approach to performance measurement in organisations claim its wider scope ensures that drivers of organisational performance are considered as well as financial results. Critically evaluate the balanced scorecard and for each aspect of the scorecard identify key performance measures that could be used in an organisation of your choice.

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The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement framework that goes beyond traditional financial metrics to include non-financial aspects that are essential for an organization's success. long-

Critically evaluating the balanced scorecard, some of its key advantages include:

1. Comprehensive Performance Assessment: The BSC considers multiple dimensions of performance, enabling organizations to assess their financial health, customer satisfaction.

2. Alignment of Objectives: The BSC helps align organizational objectives across different departments and functions.

3. Communication and Transparency: The BSC facilitates effective communication and transparency by clearly articulating the strategic objectives and performance measures to all stakeholders.

4. Strategy Execution: The BSC links performance measures to the organization's strategy, ensuring that actions and initiatives are aligned with strategic goals.

For each aspect of the balanced scorecard, here are some key performance measures that could be used in an organization of your choice:

1. Financial Perspective:

Revenue growth rate

Return on investment (ROI)

Profit margin

2. Customer Perspective:

Customer satisfaction score

Customer retention rate

Market share

Number of new customers acquired

Customer complaints and resolution time

3. Internal Processes Perspective:

Cycle time for product/service delivery

Quality metrics (e.g., defect rate)

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Explore two e-commerce Web sites that you consider to be effective. Which elements, if any, do the two sites have in common? Which elements do you believe contribute to the success of the site? Summarize your findings in a one to two-page report.

Answers

Two effective e-commerce web sites are Amazon and eBay. These two sites have several elements in common, including ease of navigation, user-friendly interfaces, and a range of features. The success of these websites can be attributed to several factors, such as their ability to offer a wide range of products, excellent customer service, and reliable shipping.

E-commerce websites have become increasingly popular in recent years, providing customers with easy access to a wide range of products and services. Amazon and eBay are two of the most well-known and popular e-commerce websites, with millions of users from around the world.In this report, we will explore these two e-commerce websites and identify the common elements that contribute to their effectiveness.Amazon and eBay have many common elements that contribute to their effectiveness, such as ease of navigation, user-friendly interfaces, and a range of features. These elements are essential to ensuring that customers have a positive experience when shopping on these websites.Ease of Navigation:Both Amazon and eBay have designed their websites to be easy to navigate. Customers can quickly find the products they are looking for by using search filters, browsing categories, or simply typing in a keyword. This is especially important for e-commerce websites because customers want to be able to find what they are looking for quickly and easily.User-Friendly Interfaces:Amazon and eBay have both created user-friendly interfaces that are easy to use. Customers can easily add products to their cart, checkout, and track their orders. This is important because it allows customers to complete their transactions quickly and efficiently.Range of Features:Both Amazon and eBay offer a wide range of features to their customers. For example, Amazon offers customer reviews, personalized recommendations, and one-click ordering. eBay offers auction-style sales, the ability to make offers, and the option to purchase items at a fixed price.

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The vice-president, who signs cheques, is so busy that he is given only the cheques that need to be signed without invoices and purchase orders Identify the control activity that is missing a Segregation of Duty b Documentation Procedures Controls c Independent Check of Performance Controls d Physical Controls

Answers

The control activity that is missing in this scenario is a Segregation of Duty.

Segregation of Duty is an important control activity that ensures different individuals are responsible for different stages of a process to prevent fraud or error. In this case, the vice-president is both signing the cheques and reviewing the invoices and purchase orders. This lack of segregation creates a potential risk because the vice-president has complete control over the entire payment process.

Segregation of Duty is designed to prevent one person from having too much control over a particular process. By separating the duties of signing cheques and reviewing invoices and purchase orders, the organization can establish a system of checks and balances. This segregation ensures that multiple individuals are involved in the process, reducing the risk of unauthorized payments, fraudulent activities, or errors going undetected.

To address this control deficiency, the organization should consider implementing a segregation of duty by assigning the task of reviewing invoices and purchase orders to a different individual or department. This separation of duties would provide an independent check on the payment process and help mitigate the risk of potential errors or fraudulent activities. It is crucial to establish proper controls to safeguard the organization's assets and maintain the integrity of financial transactions.

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It is defined as a term given to the decision- making process based on the scientific method with reliance on quantitative analysis methods in solving the administrative problem. O a. Quantitative analysis b. Operation research O c. All are correct d. Marketing research

Answers

The term given to the decision-making process based on the scientific method with reliance on quantitative analysis methods in solving administrative problems is Operations Research (Option b).

Operations Research (OR) is a discipline that utilizes mathematical and analytical methods to optimize decision-making and solve complex problems in various fields, including administration, business, engineering, and more. OR involves the application of scientific and quantitative techniques to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and decision outcomes.

Quantitative analysis (Option a) is a broader term that encompasses various mathematical and statistical methods used for analyzing data and making informed decisions. While quantitative analysis is a component of Operations Research, it refers to a broader set of techniques beyond the scope of OR.

Marketing research (Option d) focuses specifically on studying and analyzing consumer behavior, market trends, and competitive dynamics to support marketing decision-making. Although it may involve some quantitative analysis, it does not encompass the entire decision-making process based on the scientific method with reliance on quantitative analysis methods


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Foreign exchange trading in 2019 averaged about _____________
per day. Group of answer choices: a) $101 million b) $1.88 trillion
c) $8.3 trillion d) $101 billion e) $101 trillion

Answers

Foreign exchange trading in 2019 averaged about $1.88 trillion per day.

The global foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, where currencies are traded. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) conducts a triennial survey to gather data on foreign exchange market activity. According to the BIS 2019 Triennial Central Bank Survey, the average daily trading volume in the foreign exchange market reached approximately $6.6 trillion. This staggering amount represents the total value of trades executed on an average day.

Among the given options, the closest figure to the actual average daily trading volume is $1.88 trillion (option b), making it the most accurate choice. It's important to note that foreign exchange trading volumes can vary year to year based on various factors such as economic conditions, market sentiment, and geopolitical events.

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the writers of the constitution established a federal system of government in part because

Answers

The writers of the Constitution established a federal system of government to prevent a concentration of power in a central government, ensuring a balance of power between the federal and state governments.

The writers of the constitution established a federal system of government in part because they wanted to avoid a concentration of power in a central government. The writers of the Constitution established a federal system of government by creating a system in which power is divided between the federal government and the state governments. The Constitution assigns certain powers to the federal government and reserves all other powers for the states.

The Founding Fathers wanted to avoid a concentration of power in a central government. Instead, they sought to create a system in which power is balanced between the federal and state governments. This was done to protect individual liberty and prevent abuses of power. The federal system of government established by the Constitution allows for a balance of power between the national government and the state governments. In conclusion, the writers of the constitution established a federal system of government in part because they wanted to avoid a concentration of power in a central government. This system provides for a division of powers between the federal government and the state governments, ensuring that no one entity has too much power.

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Let y, be a natural logarithm of stock price observed at some consecutive days 1,2100. The analyst estimates a model as A, = 2.6+0.5y, Given y= 2 she can forecast the stock price at t = 101 to a. 1 Ob. 103 O c. 4 C. Od. 99 e. 2. Let y, be yearly stock price measured in the natural logarithm of dollars. If the analyst forecasts model as A21 = 1, it means: O a. a. the stock price increases from the 19th year to 20th year by 1 dollar. O b. the stock price increases from the 20th year by 100 per cent. year to 21st O c. the stock price increases from the 20th year by 1 dollar. year to 21st Od. the stock price increases from the 20th year by 1 per cent. year to 21st e. the stock price increases from the 19th year to 20th year by 100 per cent. If a p-value reported in the Excel linear regression output associated with a particular variable is 0.04, it would indicate this variable: O a. is significant if the significance level is 5%. Ob. none of the answers provided. O c. is significant if the significance level is 1%. O d. is not significant if the significance level is 10%. Oe. is not significant if the significance level is 5%. For time series analysis, if the variable y is observed to be y-1.2-1.8, y. -2.1 and y. - 1.1, then Ay, is calculated as: a. -1 Ob. 3.2 c. -3.2 O d. 0.8 e. 0.3 TE In the linear regression models we study in this course, In (y) = a +8 In (X) + 2X2 +e, which of the following statements is the most accurate? O a. y is a linear function of x and In(x). O b. In(y) is a linear function of In(x) and x2. Oc. X1 In(y) is a linear function of x and In(x). y is a linear function of x and x. O d. O e. In(y) is a linear function of In(x) and In(x). Let y represent house price measured in thousand dollars. Let x, represent natural logarithm of land size measured in square meters and x, number of bedrooms. Suppose the estimated model is = 10+ 2X, 0.1X. Which of the following statements is the most accurate? O a. The house price is predicted to increase by 20 dollars for every 1 per cent increase of land size holding number of bedrooms constant. O b. The house price is predicted to increase by 2 thousand dollars for every 1 per cent increase of land size holding number of bedrooms constant. O C. The house price is predicted to increase by 2 dollars for every 1 square meters increase of land size holding number of bedrooms constant. Od. The house price is predicted to increase by 2 per cent for every 1 per cent increase of land size holding number of bedrooms constant. Oe. The house price is predicted to increase by 2000 dollars for additional bedroom holding land size constant. The analyst wants to investigate whether there is different marginal effects of work experience (W) on earning (E) between female and male groups. She constructs a female dummy variable F=1 if female, F= O if male. She then adds an interactive dummy variable to model O a. (1-F)E O b. EF O C. F(1-W) O d. (1-F)(1-W) Oe. FW Solve the following equation. For full marks your answer(s) should be rounded to the nearest cent x $515 x(1.29)2 + $140+ 1.295 1.292 x = $0.0 one similarity between the ottoman rulers and mughal rulers was- the default case must be specified in a switch statementtf Market failure exists if Mr. Smith cannot purchase watermelons in his town. buyers and sellers must pay the true opportunity costs of their actions. third parties are injured and are not compensated. the government must provide government-sponsored goods. A farm that produces corn is looking to hedge their exposure to price fluctuations in the future. It isnow May 15th and they expect their crop to be ready for harvest September 30th.You have gathered the following information:Bushels of corn they expect to produce44,000May 15th price per bushel$3.08Sept 30 futures contract per bushel$3.22Actual market price Sept 30$3.37Required (round to the nearest dollar):Calculate the gain or loss on the futures contract and net proceeds on the sale of the corn.Net gain or loss on future$AnswerSell the corn$AnswerNet$Answer the alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome is most like The general retail outlook for South Africa is anticipated to be challenging and this could make a price war likely among the biggest local players. "Not only is there increased competition - especially in the fashion industry - but economic growth in SA is slower and the rand is losing a lot of ground," said Prinsloo.The competition in the SA fashion industry is expected to become very fierce as global brands such as Inditex's Zara and Hennes & Mauritz expand in a sector whose value rose to more than R200bn at the end of 2014 from R8bn in 2001. "International brands enter the SA fashion market with good offerings. They are well-established organisations and come with a lot of buying power," said Prinsloo. "They can source on a global scale and focus on the middle- and upper class consumers where they can see rich margins." The newcomers have to compete with South African stalwarts such as Truworths, Woolworths Holdings Ltd. and the Foschini Group Ltd., which operate chains that sell clothing, cosmetics, jewelry, accessories and sporting goods. "South Africa is quite a sophisticated economy with lots of young emerging professionals who are increasingly becoming aware of fashion," said Truworths Chief Executive Officer Michael Mark. The foreign brands "will have to still prove to the local market that they can serve them." Among the continent's most brand-conscious consumers, South African households spent an average of R582 of monthly income on clothing and footwear in 2014, above spending on education at R373, according to the Bureau for Market Research at the University of South Mrica. In impoverished shanty towns where the black majority live, the trendiest clothes and latest fashions are common features of township life. Woolworths Holdings Chief Executive Officer Ian Moir says he welcomes the competition, since the arrival of companies such as Zara will help raise consumer awareness of fashion. His company, which has no relation to other Woolworths in the U.S., Britain and Australia, focuses on office attire, casual wear and lingerie. "If your prices and quality are good, you will see customer loyalty," Moir said. "Whether I'm competing with Zara, Topshop or Truworths, it makes no difference to me -- it's about getting the fashion mix right ." Fast fashion Keen to tap this vibrant market, Zara opened in South Africa four years ago and nowhas six stores. Australian no-frills chain Cotton On has described the country as its fastest growing market while Britain's Top Shop and Forever 21 arrived recently. H&M is set to open a vast store next month. At 4700 square metres, the outlet in Cape Town's trendy. V&A Waterfront mall will be one of H&M's biggest and the Swedish retailer will open another outlet in Johannesburg in November.Inditex, which pioneered the idea of producing a constant supply of new styles from factories close to its biggest markets - a concept known as "fast fashion" - flies in clothes twice a week from suppliers in Portugal, Turkey and Spain. Inditex says in some cases, depending on the availability of fabrics and the complexity of the garment production, it can race from design. to the store in less than two weeks. H&M, which produces the bulk of its garments in Asia, is expected to adopt a similar approach.To defend their market share, South African retailers should take advantage of the faster speeds at which local suppliers can get clothes to market, analysts said. The Foschini Group says it is aiming to work more closely with local suppliers, and about 65% of its women's wear is now made in South Africa. Some South African factories can get fresh garments into stores within 32 days, and most are aiming to regularly beat a maximum cut-off target of 42 days, though not surprisingly that's still slower. than the fast fashion pioneer. has six stores. Australian no-frills chain Cotton On has described the country as its fastest growing market while Britain's Top Shop and Forever 21 arrived recently. H&M is set to open a vast store next month. At 4700 square metres, the outlet in Cape Town's trendy.Using Michael Porter's five forces' model, discuss why there is intense rivalry in the fashion industry in South Africa. With reference to Michael Porter's business strategies, discuss growth strategies that can be pursued by the South African retailers to minimize the impact of increasing .competition from international retailors. The sequential progression of old cameras into digital cameras and digit cameras to DSLR is an example of O a. Incremental Innovation O b. S-Curve O c. None of the Above O d. Both of a & b A bank offers two repayment alternatives for a loan that is to be repaid over sixteen years: Option 1: the borrower pays M7, 800 pa quarterly in arrear. Option 2: the borrower makes payments at an annual rate of M8, 200 every second year in arrear. Determine which option would provide the better deal for the borrower at a rate of interest [7] of 5% pa effective. Concerns that the duplication of activities and resources will increase costs and reduce efficiency is common within which of the following structures: Functional Complex Simple Divisional A company recorded credit sales of $767,000, of which $530,000 is not yet due, $150,000 is past due for up to 180 days, and $87,000 is past due for more than 180 days. Under the aging of receivables method, the company expects it will not collect 4% of the amount not yet due, 13% of the amount past due for up to 180 days, and 25% of the amount past due for more than 180 days. The allowance account had a debit balance of $3,000 before adjustment. After adjusting for bad debt expense, what is the ending balance of the allowance account? Discuss how a person can demonstrate strong leadershipat the time of crisis. Support your discussion with leadershipexamples from any of the industry domain. Anderson Steel Company began 2021 with 510,000 shares of common stock outstanding. On March 31, 2021, 180,000 new shares were sold at a price of $75 per share. The market price has risen steadily since that time to a high of $80 per share at December 31. No other changes in shares occurred during 2021, and no securities are outstanding that can become common stock. However, there are two agreements with officers of the company for future issuance of common stock. Both agreements relate to compensation arrangements reached in 2020. The first agreement grants to the company president a right to 34,000 shares of stock each year the closing market price is at least $78. The agreement begins in 2022 and expires in 2025. The second agreement grants to the controller a right to 39,000 shares of stock if she is still with the firm at the end of 2029. Net income for 2021 was $4,400,000. Required: Compute Anderson Steel Company's basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2021. (Enter your answers in thousands. Do not round intermediate calculations.) St=a + b x tGive 1 problem solving example of linear trend analysis and itssolutions using this formula. Modular flex benefit plans are not common in Canada. Why? O They are very complex and difficult to administer, so only very large employers can offer them O They are legally risky for employers O They may offer benefit packages which do not exactly meet any individual employee's benefits needs O They are the most expensive form of flexible benefit plans systems where applications processing is distributed across multiple computing devices are known as______ a. The depreciation limitations for automobiles do not apply to automobiles with a gross vehicle weight of over 6,000 pounds. TRUE or FALSEb. Interest expense on debt used to purchase state and local bonds is generally deductible. TRUE or FALSE What is the probability that both events occur pls help what is the angle of the m = 2 bright fringe in radians?