How do antibodies fight pathogens

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1) Antibodies are secreted into the blood and mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins (neutralization).

2) Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall).


Related Questions

Identify two processes that from igneous rocks

Answers

Answer: Igneous rocks are formed by the melting and cooling of molten rock.

Explanation: Extrusive rocks are those that erupt as lava from volcanoes onto the surface. Intrusive rocks, on the other hand, are created when magma cools underneath.

hope this helps best of luck mate! :)

which feature of stem cells enable them to replace cells in tissues such as skin?

Answers

That is right!!!!! Hope that helped

The feature of stem cell which enable them to replace cell in tissues are that they can divide indefinitely to generate new cells and they can convert into the different types of cells that make up the body as they divide.

What is a stem cell ?

A stem cell is a cell that has the unique capacity to grow into different types of cells in the body.

They may be utilised in the future to replace cells and tissues that have been damaged or destroyed owing to illness.

Stem cells are classified into three types which are Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells provide new cells to an embryo as it grows and develops into a newborn.

Adult stem cells generate new cells as an organism matures and replace damaged ones.

Induced stem cells are stem cells created in the laboratory by scientists.

Learn more about Stem Cell here:

https://brainly.com/question/2139588

#SPJ2

where does pollination takes place in the flower

Answers

Answer:

To be pollinated, pollen must be moved from a stamen to the stigma. When pollen from a plant's stamen is transferred to that same plant's stigma, it is called self-pollination. When pollen from a plant's stamen is transferred to a different plant's stigma, it is called cross-pollination.

Explanation:

Adults produce gametes through a type of cellular reproduction called mitosis. The process of a sperm cell and an egg cell fusing together is called fertilizationand produces a zygote. As a zygote undergoes rapid cell division to develop into an embryo, fetus, and eventually baby, the type of cellular reproduction being used is . As a baby grows into an adult, the type of cellular reproduction used is mitosis.

Answers

Answer:

Mitosis.

Explanation:

Mitosis is the type of cellular reproduction which is used in order to develop an embryo, fetus, and eventually baby. In mitosis type of cell division, the parent and mature cells divides into two daughter cell. This type of cell division occurs in somatic or body cells whereas meiosis type of cell division occurs in the sex cells which produces four daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Droughts occur due to climate change and elevated temperatures, which in turn may lead to other consequences as well. Imagine that a wildfire happened in the nature reserve. Predict what would happen if such an environmental shift that is so extreme and rapid
hits the nature reserve and the population of deer mice does not have time to adapt. Propose a possible solution for this problem.

Answers

Answer:

Research shows that changes in climate create warmer, drier conditions. Increased drought, and a longer fire season are boosting these increases in wildfire risk. ... Changes in climate add to these factors and are expected to continue to increase the area affected by wildfires in the United States.

NO LINKS PLEASE

If Charles Darwin could return to the Galapagos Island today, which of the following is an example of a change he might see?

O A. no changes
O B. more islands
O C. more tortoises
OD. new species of iguanas

Answers

Answer:

D. New species of iguanas

Explanation:

A- doesn't make sense because nature changes every day.

B- More islands is possible but not likely considering your other options.

C- More tortoises is also possible but because I haven't read your text book or where your learned this information I can't be sure this is it.

D- Is the likeliest

d new species of iguanas

What are the characteristic of a cell?

Answers

Answer:

All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. cells differ in how their genetic information is contained. All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

What organelle reforms around the chromatids at opposite ends of the cell?

A. Chloroplast

B. Vacuole

C. Centriole

D. Nucleus

Answers

The answer to your question would be: Nucleus

A utility company has proposed building a natural gas power plant next to a lake. The picture below shows the proposed power plant.






The company claims burning natural gas will release only harmless gases such as water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Why would environmental scientists disagree with this claim?

A
The emission of carbon dioxide leads to rapid cooling of the Earth’s lakes and oceans.

B
The emission of carbon dioxide leads to an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere.

C
The emission of water vapor leads to a decrease in the humidity of Earth’s atmosphere.

D
The emission of water vapor pollutes the atmosphere, causing harm to plants and animals.

Answers

Answer:  B is right

Explanation: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is involved

with increasing temperature of atmosphere

wh
which event is part of the exposition in "Cinderella"?

The slipper fits Cinderella’s foot.
A fairy godmother appears to Cinderella.
The prince and Cinderella get married.
An invitation to the prince’s ball arrives.

Answers

Answer:

An invitation to the prince’s ball arrives.

Explanation:

an exposition is in the beginning of the story, leading to the climax. the invitation leads to cinderella meeting the prince.

does Mars has Oxygen? Can we breath on Mars?​

Answers

Answer:

There is Oxygen in Mars comprising the 0.13% of it's atmosphere. With that, it is still impossible for humans to breathe on the said planet without suits with oxygen supply.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Mars atmosphere is dominated by carbon dioxide (CO2) at a concentrated of 96%. Oxygen is only 0.13%.

The most important feature that permits a gene to act as a molecular clock is The most important feature that permits a gene to act as a molecular clock is having a reliable average rate of mutation. having a larger proportion of exonic DNA than of intronic DNA. its being acted upon by natural selection. having a large number of base pairs. its recent origin by a gene duplication event

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "The first choice".

Explanation:

The hypothesis of such a molecular clock says because DNA and protein sequences develop at a pace generally constant over time as well as between different organisms. The whole idea is thus incredibly beneficial and for estimation of the historical periods, if the molecular biological hypothesis is valid, then the most significant feature enabling DNA to act as a molecular clock it has a reliable mean mutation.


[tex]\huge\mathfrak\pink{please \: help \: ...} \\ \\ \huge\mathcal\green{what \: is \:DNA ? } \\ \\ \ \textless \ br /\ \textgreater \ \huge\mathfrak\purple{Have \: a \: nice \: day ✓✓ ...}[/tex]

Answers

DNA is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism.

Answer:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid [DNA]

Explanation:

DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism.

viruses are a chain between living and nonliving beings . they are obligatory paracites and have either RNA or DNA .

Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions; they are structures you can generally see only under a microscrope. Which of the organelles below would you expect to find in all living cells?
A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) DNA
D) Cytoplasm
E) Nucleus
F) Chloroplasts

Answers

Answer:

I think D which is the cytoplasm

Explanation:

because it is not specific with cell is this off so cytoplasm is there in both the animal cell and plant cell

Mike has a problem with his testosterone. He is unable to produce enough. Which will most likely be affected by his inability to produce testosterone? Select two options.

Answers

Answer:

Fruits will be a great choice. Such as strawberries.

Explanation:

n guinea pigs, black coat color (B) is dominant to white (b). If both heterozygous black guinea pig mated, what are the F1 genotypes and phenotypes?

Answers

(Genotype ) - (Phenotype)

BB - black coat

Bb - black coat

bb - white coat

Please help the picture is above I’ll mark as brainliest.

Answers

It’s after the egg and sperm cell have combined. So it’s “has the complete genetic information to form an adult”.

It would be half before it received the sperm so it’s not the first one. There is clearly NO sign of differentiation so it isn’t the second one. And the cell is the first in the given series so it’s not identical to a parent cell.

What are the chances that the parents will have a hairless baby guinea pig?

A. 75%


B. 25%

Answers

Answer:

I believe it is B

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

B. 25%

Explanation:

There is a 50-75% or about half chance that the babies bred by a Skinny Pig and a haired Skinny pig gene carrier, will have hairless Skinny pig babies. The rest of the babies will just be skinny pig gene carriers. There is only a 25% chance that 1 or so hairless skinny babies will be born in these litters.

Which process produces haploid cells?
A. Meiosis

B. Mitosis

Answers

Answer:

the answer is: A

meiosis

The right answer is A Meiosis

In non-muscle cells, a small increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2 can have a dramatic effect on several physiological processes. The presence of a specific protein in the cytosol, however, activates a Ca2 ATPase that serves to return these elevated cytosolic Ca2 levels back to basal levels, thereby maintaining the cell's normal physiology. Which protein is directly involved in activating this Ca2 ATPase

Answers

Answer:

calmodulin

Explanation:

The calcium-modulated protein (calmodulin) is a calcium-binding receptor protein that modulates contractile proteins (i.e., actin and myosin proteins) of the skeletal muscle and non-muscle cells (e.g., platelets). Calmodulin binds to calcium ions (Ca2+) and subsequently activates a number of Ca2+ dependent enzymes (e.g., kinases or phosphatases), which finally activate/deactivate proteins in the calcium signal transduction pathway. Ca2+-ATPase pumps in the membranes of eukaryotic cells release Ca2+ from the cytoplasm and they are autoinhibited by low Ca2+ levels, while calmodulin-binding releases this autoinhibition and thus activates the pumps. In non-muscle cells such as platelets, calmodulin also mediates Ca2+ control of actin-myosin interaction by phosphorylation of the myosin light chain (MLC).

when a plant is not strong enough to support its own weight what is most likely the problem

Answers

Answer:

the roots are weak

Explanation:

because it can’t hold its weight

Only forager bees leave the nest for their jobs
A
True
B
False

Answers

I think the answer is False

What risk is most likely to happen when using wind as an energy source

Answers

Answer:

As with all energy supply options, wind energy can have adverse environmental impacts, including the potential to reduce, fragment, or degrade habitats for wildlife, fish, and plants. Furthermore, spinning turbine blades can pose a threat to flying wildlife like birds and bats.

HELP! What evidence indicates that many psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia and developmental
disorders, are biologically and not environmentally based?

Answers

Answer:

Schizophrenia and developmental disorders are traced genetically, and the gene will be found in the biological parents of the person with either schizophrenia or developmental disorders.

Explanation:

Although Schizophrenia can be triggered by environmental factors, or the 'nurture' of childhood development, a person who is not predisposed genetically to schizophrenia will not get the psychological disorder. The same is to be said about developmental disorders such as Autism and ADHD, it is hereditary.

For citation of evidence, I recommend talking about prenatal development, and how toxic substances can alter the development of a fetus, which is proven to lead to some developmental disorders, such as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

Answer:

Schizophrenia and developmental disorders are genetically connected, and the gene will be found in either the individual's biological parents or the person suffering from schizophrenia or developmental abnormalities.

Explanation:

someone please help me​

Answers

i think because there are no nutrients like nitrogen in rock sand and volcanic ash‍♀️

What is the role of transport proteins in
active transport?
A. They move molecules against the gradient.
B. They collect molecules of water to assist in the process.
C. They store the ATP needed to power the process.

Answers

I believe it’s A……………………..

What does DNA prove about organism ancestry?
A. Plants and animals are not related to one another

B. That all organisms are related to one another

C. DNA and RNA are completely different forms of genetic coding

D. Extraterrestrial life will have DNA as well

Answers

Answer:

B. That all organisms are related to one another

Explanation:

DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are. Biogeography. The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect the evolution and geological change.

Answer:

B. That all organisms are related to one another

Explanation:

DNA prove about organism ancestry, that all organisms are related to one another.

An epistatic allele in labrador retrievers ensures that ee lab pups are yellow. Two other alleles control coat color, where black is dominant to brown. What portion of yellow pups would you expect from a parental cross where one parent was yellow (Bbee) and the other was heterozygous

Answers

Answer:

1/4

Explanation:

Epistasis is defined as a phenomenon in a genetics where the effect of the gene mutation which dependent on the absence or the presence of the mutation in more than one genes.

In the context, an epistatic allele in the Labrador retrievers which ensures the ee lab pups that are yellow and the two other alleles which control coat color are black that is dominant to the brown.

Thus, 1/4 portion of the yellow pups would expect from the parental cross where one of the parent is yellow (Bbee) and the other is heterozygous.

Thus the answer is 1/4.

Once mRNA is made it travels

A. out of the cytoplasm, into the nucleus where a ribosome will attach to it.

B. out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where a ribosome will attach to it.

Answers

Answer:

B. out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where a ribosome will attach to it.

Explanation:

Once mRNA is made, it travels out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where a ribosome will attach to it.

Do you think if the environmental conditions in an area changes that the plants and animals that inhabit that region will change their features to adapt to the changing conditions?

Answers

Answer:

yea

Explanation:

cause our climate conditions changes everyday depends on the atmosphere at that time so if there fire in a forest all the animals there have to adapt to the smoke.

Yes, if the environmental conditions in an area changes that the plants and animals that inhabit that region will change their features to adapt to the changing conditions.

Why plants and animals will change their features?

Plants and animals are fundamentally different in many ways, but one of the most obvious is in how they deal with temperature.The climatic niche of a species reflects where it can live.A species with a wide climatic niche can range widely across many different conditions and may be especially resilient to climate change.Different sets of plant and animal species tend to occur at different elevations, which differ in temperature and precipitation.

Learn more about adaptations below,

https://brainly.com/question/19733892

#SPJ2

Other Questions
'Shh! Don't tell anyone', she........... (shouted, whispered, yelled) ii) Billy ..stomped....... up the stairs so as not to wake his parents. (stomped, staggered, tiptoed) iii) Tom.............. at his sister for saying the wrong thing to his boss. ( glared, gazed, peeped) If youre walking from point a to b, the magnitude of your displacement will always be equal or less than or greater than your distance? Without knowing the genetic differences of the birds, how can we know that cardinals and finches are likely more closely related to each other than cardinals and finches are to woodpeckers? Cardinals and finches live in more similar habitats. There is no difference in their relatedness; because they are all birds, they all evolved at the same time from a common ancestor. Cardinals and finches have more morphological similarities. Fossil records show that cardinals have been around longer than woodpeckers and sparrows. Which process causes Earth's surface to warm? A mutation in Complex I decreases the efficiency of the electron transport chain. However, not all components of the electron transport chain are affected by this mutation. Which component of the electron transport chain will remain unaffected by a mutation in Complex I? a. Ubiquinone b. Complex II c. Complex III d. Complex IV If you had used toluene instead of methyl benzoate in this reaction, what nitration product(s) would have formed? Write a stepwise mechanism for the nitration reaction of toluene. Find the median of 2,4,4,8 At Bull Run, both the Union and ConfederateArmies were...a.) battle tested.b.) ready for a long, violent war.c.) Inexperienced.d.) tired from fighting many battles Compare two loans:Loan 1: $175,000; 8% annual (monthly payments); 30 years.Loan 2: $175,000; 7% annual (monthly payments); 15 years.If you pay an additional $250 per month in additional principle on Loan 1 ONLY, which loan pays off sooner Evaluate the expression for the given value. 3x(x2), when x=7 please help just give me the straight answer im failing and my mom will kick me ouit she aubuses me hellllp identify the leadership style that Jack should apply in each statement below. Help with this question, not sure what the answer is which sentence relates to the setting of the story ? Match the content specific vocabulary from the passage with the appropriate definition.Drag and drop each item into the column it corresponds to. Order does not matter. A variable expression cannot consist of numbers or operstions. true false Add me lovemybirds and enjoy the points Which of the following is an example of a stress question? a. What type of work do you enjoy the most? b. What is your greatest weakness? c. How would you describe yourself? d. Why are you interested in this position? Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D Mark this and return Does anybody know it Which of the following logarithmic expressions have been evaluated correctly, to the nearest hundedth? Select all that apply. A. log3 8 = 0.43 B. log3 6 = 1.63 C. log4 5 = 1.16 D. log2 32 = 1.51 please help me thank u !