The fossil record of humans is diverse and may contain several different species, according to recent paleoanthropological discoveries. Although genetic drift is probably the main cause of facial diversification in the genus Homo, late Pliocene selection may have had a significant impact on the diversification of facial morphology in hominins.
What does evolutionary force mean?Evolution occurs through a combination of mechanisms: Mutation, gene drift, gene flow, natural selection. These mechanisms have been termed 'evolutionary forces' and are likely responsible for all the genotypic changes observed in today's world.
What is adaptive evolution and its examples?Adaptive evolution refers to evolutionary changes that make an organism suitable for its habitat. This change increases their chances of survival and reproduction. This change allows each organism to adapt to its environment. Examples include:The long neck of treetop-fed giraffes, the streamlined bodies of aquatic fish and mammals, the light bones of flying birds and mammals, and the long, dagger-like canines of carnivores. All biologists agree that the traits of an organism generally reflect adaptation.Some organisms, like leafy dragonfish (Phycodurus eques), have evolved adaptations to blend into their environment (in this case, algae) to avoid the attention of hungry predators.To learn more about evolutionary adaptation visit:
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Which is not true about all
of these elements?
Answer:
A. They are all in the same group B. They all have the same number of valence electrons C. They all have the same number of protons D. They all share similar properties
Explanation:
sexual reproduction in humans .group of answer choicesallows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cellproduces a haploid individualproduces an individual with 23 chromosomescombines two diploid gametes, producing a zygote
Sexual reproduction in humans is A. allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg.
The human reproductive system occurs through the fertilization process, namely the meeting of male gametes and female gametes. The fertilization process will produce a zygote, the zygote then undergoes embryonic development until it is born as a child.
The fertilization process begins with the maturation of the egg and spermatozoa. During ovulation, the spermatozoa penetrate the corona radiata until the sperm attaches to the zona pellucida. When the spermatozoa successfully penetrate the zona pellucida, oocyte fusion will occur. Haploid sperm cell to fertilize the haploid egg. The union of the ovum and spermatozoa triggers the start of mitotic division which will produce up to 32 cells called morula which will develop into a blastocyst.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
electrons excited in photosystem ii help the chloroplast produce
As excited electrons move through the electron transport chain, NADPH is created.
The photosystem II's source of the excited electrons is what?A chlorophyll molecule's excited electron is moved to the an electron acceptor at the reaction center.It's an oxidation-reduction reaction right now.An electron from water is used in photosystem II to replace the electron lost from the reaction center.
What is produced during photosynthesis by photosystem 2?In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, photosystem II is the first membrane protein complex.It uses light energy to catalyze the oxidation of water, which results in the production of atmospheric oxygen.
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fossilized tree sap, also known as blank, prevents scavengers, water, and oxygen from getting to the organism and destroying its remains.fossilized tree sap, also known as blank, prevents scavengers, water, and oxygen from getting to the organism and destroying its remains.
fossilized tree sap, also known as amber, prevents scavengers, water, and oxygen from getting to the organism and destroying its remains.
Amber is a fossilized tree sap that has been prized since Neolithic times for its color and natural beauty. Amber has long been valued as a gemstone, and it is now used to create a variety of decorative objects. Tree resin is a fluid (Sap) produced by plants (most commonly trees), but it is not the same as sap. Sap is a watery, sweet substance, whereas resin is thicker and stickier. Frankincense, Myrrh, Benzoin, and Copal are examples of well-known resins.
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damage to the highlighted structure would be evidenced by numbness on which of the following skin regions?
damage to the highlighted structure would be evidenced by numbness on dorsum of the lateral part of the hand and the proximal regions of digits 1 - 4.
The back of the hand is referred to formally as the dorsum of the hand. The human hand differs from other animals in that all of the fingers are independent of one another and the thumb can make contact with any of the fingers. The thumb is the lateral digit of the hands, as the standard anatomical position indicates. Because the palmar surface of the hand will be facing anterior in this position, the thumbs will always be the most lateral digit. The fifth digit, commonly referred to as the pinky, is the most medial digit.
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Any stimulus that opens ________ ion channel will produce a graded potential.A) a sodiumB) a chemically-gatedC) a voltage-gatedD) a mechanically-gatedE) All of the answers are correct.
The correct option is E) All of the answers are correct.
Graded potential refers to the postsynaptic electrical impulse. These potentials are termed graded because of their size or amplitude that is directly proportional to the durability of the triggering event. These graded potential are generally produced when a ligand opens a ligand-gated channel in the dendrites, permits the entry of ion in the cell. For example, Na+ will enter the cell and K+ will exit, in equilibrium condition.
Hence, Graded potentials occurred by stimuli opening a gated channel and they are local potentials that don't get spread over long distances away from the stimulation.
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arginase, a key enzyme in liver urea production, requires four ____ atoms per molecule. group of answer choices iron copper zinc manganese
Ceruloplasmin is one illustration; it has eight copper atoms per molecule. Copper and zinc provide as examples of the needs for and toxicity of important trace elements.
What trace mineral is necessary for gluconeogenesis' primary enzyme to be activated?Manganese is a trace mineral that functions as a cofactor for enzymes that produce urea, cholesterol, and glucose (gluconeogenesis) (amino-acid catabolism in the liver).
Which Micromineral is deemed crucial for healthy brain function?The liver, kidney, pancreas, and bones are where manganese is primarily deposited. and contributes to the regulation of blood sugar, calcium absorption, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism. For healthy nerve and brain function, manganese is also essential.
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In order to warm the body up when cold: vitamin D is synthesized sudoriferous glands release sweat sebaceous glands release oil the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright melanin is produced. Which moist epithelial membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior: synovial cutaneous mucous serous peritoneum Serous fluid reduces friction: in movable joints such as the knee between organs and the cavities in which they reside inside the lungs as food is chewed around the brain
When the temperature goes down and the body is not capable to produce enough of heat then at that time the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright. This is the way to produce heat collectively.
What is the source of heat production inside the body?It is the chemical reactions that are taking place inside the body such that the heat is produced in order to make the body feel warm.
Arrector piili muscles are covered by smpathetic pilomotor nerves that releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine to trigger the muscle contraction and the hair erection in response to the col;d temperaturte turns up.
It is the situation of the goosebumps as well when a chilling situation or the situation in which the emotional response generates up then at time the same pilomotor nerves cause the erection to make the hair stand upright.
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The atypical neuroleptic clozapine raises problems for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia because it (fill in the blank)
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia states that while negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder can be attributed to hypofunctionality of dopamine D1, positive symptoms of the disorder are thought to be influenced by hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical and limbic brain regions.
How is dopamine impacted by clozapine?In the main sulcus and, to a lesser extent, in the caudate nucleus, clozapine significantly and persistently increased dopamine release. Although it increased dopamine release in the caudate, haloperidol did not consistently affect dopamine release in the main sulcus.
In which dopamine receptors does schizophrenia occur?Although the presynaptic release of dopamine is normal in stable schizophrenia patients, brain imaging studies discover that D2 receptors are elevated by an average of 5.8% in stable schizophrenia patients.
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People infected with chlamydia are often symptom-free, which increases the chance of their infecting other people. True False
True
Even in the absence of symptoms, chlamydia may create serious problems.
There is evidence that chlamydia raises the risk of contracting other STIs, including HIV and gonorrhea.
It's important for women to be tested for chlamydia because it may cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries (PID). Lower abdomen discomfort, heavier and more painful menstrual cycles, fever, and vomiting are all potential symptoms of PID. Scar tissue forms in PID, which can lead to either a complete blockage of the fallopian tubes and subsequent infertility or a partial blockage and subsequent tubal (ectopic) pregnancy.
Epididymitis, an infection of the testicles, may result from untreated chlamydia in men.
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Based on the passage, why does buck lose all connection to the world of humans? buck can no longer take being constantly mistreated by his handlers. Buck hears the wolves for the first time. John thornton is no longer alive. Buck meets the yeehats and learns that humans can be native to the yukon.
Answer:
the answer is C. John Thornton is no longer alive
Explanation:
if you have a choice of what you are going to hit in a crash, hit the object ___________
if you have a choice of what you are going to hit in a crash, hit the object the least force.
What is force ?
Force is either pushing or pulling of any object resulting from the object’s interaction or movement, without force the objects can not be moved, can be stopped or change the direction.
It is a quantitative interaction between two physical bodies, means an object and its environment, there are different types of forces in nature.
If an object in its moving state will be either static or motion, the position of the object will only be changed if it is pushed or pulled and The external push or pull upon the object called as Force.
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which of the following is most closely related to a lizard? group of answer choices salamander bird lamprey chimaera
The choice of animal most closely related to lizards is the salamander.
Explanation of lizards and salamandersSalamanders and lizard are tetrapods. Both are cold blooded vertebrate animals. Both salamanders and lizards are similar in appearance. But, Salamanders and lizards are ectotherms or cold-blooded animals which means they cannot generate their own body heat like mammals. To control their body temperature, salamanders and lizards get heat from their surroundings.
Salamanders are amphibians with moist skin without scales. Lizards are reptiles with rough, scaly skin. Salamanders live in humid environments while lizards are adapted to live in terrestrial environments. The main difference between salamanders and lizards is the phylogenetic adaptation of the two types of animals.
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many people believe that taking zinc lozenges reduces the severity and duration of the common cold. sebastien decides to conduct a study at his school to explore this claim. he sends a survey to a simple random sample of 100 students, asking them to if they took zinc lozenges or not during their last cold, and how long they experienced cold symptoms. he found that students who took zinc had a mean cold duration that was 1.2 days lower than those who did not take zinc. which of the following statements about his study is true?
Sebastien's study is subject to confounding.
What are zinc lozenges?
A well-liked remedy for the common cold is zinc. According to some studies, zinc lozenges may shorten colds' duration by one or two days and may lessen the incidence of upper respiratory infections. Zinc aids in wound healing and infection prevention. Treatment of the common cold with zinc gluconate lozenges, using adequate doses of elemental zinc, may be effective in reducing the duration and severity of cold symptoms. If the lozenges are started as soon as symptoms appear, the benefit seems to be at its greatest. The formulation of the lozenges also appears to be important because the addition of citric acid or tartaric acid may reduce efficacy due to the chelation of zinc ions.
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Order the following steps in water purification, from the collection of water to the production of clean drinking water, to test your understanding of water purification in applied microbiology.
1 - Water in reservoir for storage and sedimentation
2 - Water in holding tanks for settling and aeration
3 - Filtration through coal and sand beds
4 - Chemical disinfection with chlorine
The process of removing unwanted chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water is known as water purification. The goal is to create water that is suitable for specific uses. The majority of water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification can also be used for medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial purposes.
Water purification methods have varied throughout history. Physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation are used; biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon are used; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination are used; and electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light is used.
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is there a difference between motor commands going to skeletal muscles amd motor commands going to visceral organs? locate the spinal cord where the two different types of motor commands originat from
The skeletal muscle is the sole voluntary muscle in the human body. Every voluntary physical motion, including speaking or running, requires skeletal muscle. Visceral muscle is found inside blood arteries, the stomach, as well as other vital organs.
What carries signals from the spinal cord that control movement?
The spinal cord serves as a conduit for communications between both the body and the CNS. The head and neck are directly connected to the brain through the cranial nerves, but the spine receives sensory information and transmits motor instructions to the body via the spinal nerves.
The primary motor cortex is found in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. This area is where the majority of the brain impulses that eventually cause the execution of voluntary actions are generated.
Therefore, The spinal cord serves as a conduit between the body and the CNS.
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Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the statement depicts something true or false about the specimen pictured below: - contains connective tissues- visible directional orientation of collagen fibers- found in areas where bones are joined via cartilage- same tissue category as blood- a larger portion of extracellular matrix to cells- functions to resist shock; - seen in tendons
- contains dense irregular connective tissue
- contains a perichondrium
- chondrocytes in clusters of 3-4 arranged in clumps
TRUE Statement
- contains connective tissues
- visible directional orientation of collagen fibers
- found in areas where bones are joined via cartilage
- same tissue category as blood
- a larger portion of extracellular matrix to cells
- functions to resist shock
FALSE Statement
- seen in tendons
- contains dense irregular connective tissue
- contains a perichondrium
- chondrocytes in clusters of 3-4 arranged in clumps
What is perichondrium?
The cartilage of growing bones is surrounded by a layer of dense, wavy connective tissue called the perichondrium. It is made up of an inner chondrogenic layer and an exterior fibrous layer. Fibroblasts in the fibrous layer create collagenous fibers. The chondrogenic layer can produce chondroblasts and is yet undifferentiated. Both hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage have perichondrium at their edges.
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which of the following phenotypic classes reflect offspring that were generated as a result of a crossover event? select all that apply. which of the following phenotypic classes reflect offspring that were generated as a result of a crossover event?select all that apply. garnet eyes miniature wings, garnet eyes miniature wings wild type
The offspring with two different phenotype classes that are formed by crossing over are wild type miniature wings , garnet eyes.
What do you mean by Phenotype?
The term "phenotype" describes a person's distinguishable characteristics, such as height, eye colour, and blood type. Both a person's genetic make-up (genotype) and environmental circumstances affect their phenotype.What does the term "genotype" and "phenotype" mean? EXPLAIN BRIEFLY.
A person's genotype is made up of all the alleles they have for a certain gene. The sum of a person's attributes or observable features is their phenotype. The phenotype of an organism is only impacted by its genotype, which is directly inherited from its parents.To know more about phenotype, checkout this link:
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Place the following events of a reflex arc in the correct order 1) motor neuron activation 2) sensory neuron activation 31 sensory receptor activation 4) information processing 5) effector response
a. 4.3.1.2.5 b. 1.5.3.2.4 c. 3.2, 1.5,4 d. 2,3,4,5, 1
e. 3.2, 4.1.5
The event of a reflex arc in correct order 3,2,4,1,5
( sensory receptor activation, sensory neuron activation, Information processing, motor neuron activation and effector response)
The neural pathway that is followed by a reflex response is called the reflex arc. The reflex arc is demonstrated by what occurs when we unintentionally contact something hot. The receptor is the first to notice a change in temperature. The relay neuron, which is located in the spinal cord, is then delivered electrical impulses. Motor neurons are linked to sensory neurons by these latter. The motor neuron transmits electrical impulses to an effector. The effector produces a reaction.
Hence, the neural system that triggers a reflex action is known as the reflex arc.
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Cancer cells can be characterized as ""generic"" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. a. differentiation b. reproduction c. responsiveness d. both reproduction and responsiveness
Cancer cells can be characterized as ""generic"" cells that perform no specialized body function, thus cancer cells lack differentiation and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Differentiation?This a term which is referred to as the process in which the cell grows and becomes specialized which depicts that it is now able to do some special body function. Examples include red blood cells which are able to distribute oxygen and nutrients to other parts pof the body.
In this scenario, we were told that cancer cells aren't able to perform specialized body function which depicts differentiation and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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unlike b lymphocytes, t lymphocytes do not generate a secreted form of their antigen receptors
Self-reactive antigen receptors may be produced by the random process that produces lymphocyte antigen receptors.Several of these possibly self-reactive lymphocytes are removed during lymphocyte development,
Why does the antigen receptor exist?It serves as a receptor that identifies and binds antigen through the exposed V regions on the cell's surface, sending a signal that activates B cells, triggering clonal growth and the production of specific antibodies.
Describe the three antigen receptors?A co-receptor complex made up of at least three cell-surface molecules—CD19, CD21, and CD81—modifies the signaling of B-cell antigen receptors.
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what feature of fats makes them hydrophobic
Answer:
long hydrocarbon chain
Explanation:
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пока!
Answer: carbon chain and nonpolar covalent bonds
Explanation:
what feature of fats makes them hydrophobic
Which of the following is an example of a population? a. all individuals of the same species in an area b. all the species that can interact in an ecosystem c. a community and its interaction with the physical environment d. the part of Earth that supports life
Answer:
A. All individuals of the same species in an area
photorespiration occurs mainly in
Answer:
C3 plants
Explanation:
Photorespiration occurs mainly in C3 plants.
What do you mean by photorespiration?When the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, a process known as photorespiration occurs in which some of the energy from photosynthesis is lost.
The evolution of CO2 during photosynthesis is known as photorespiration. It results from the fact that rubisco can function as either an oxygenase or a carboxylase (incorporating CO2) (incorporating O2). Rubisco functions primarily as a carboxylase when there are relatively high CO2 levels present.
The plant uses oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and reduces photosynthetic production during photorespiration, a metabolic process.
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in a study of the forces involved when motor proteins
Motor proteins also produce force locally within the network of cytoskeletal polymers, which transmits these forces to determine the shape of each cell and, ultimately, the architecture of tissues and whole organisms. Chapters 37 to 39 and 44 illustrate how motors move cells and their parts.
Correctly label the following anatomical features of a neuron. Axon Axon terminals Myelin sheath Soma Internode Nucleus Node of Ranvier Dendrites Nucleolus
A neuron is a specialized cell, found in the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves known as the nerve cell. The structure of a neuron varies with their shape and size and it mainly depends upon their functions
what is the structure of neuron ?Dendrites which is A branch-like structure that functions by receiving messages from other neurons and allow the transmission
Cell Body has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other components.
Axon is a tube-like structure that functions by carrying an electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals
Synapse functions by permitting the entry of a neuron to move an electrical or chemical signal from one neuron to another neuron.
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which choice below is the correct phylogenetic order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most exclusive group? group of answer choices ecdysozoa > arthropoda > protostomia > insects protostomia > ecdysozoa > arthopoda > insects ecdysozoa > protostomia > arthopoda > insects arthropoda > protostomia > insects > ecdysozoa
Phylogenetic order from the largest most inclusive group to the smallest and most exclusive group: Protostomes > Ecdysozoa > Arthropods > Insects.
Phylogeny is a classification description that shows the kinship relationship of a species with its ancestors and the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Protostomes are divided into two groups:
Lophotrochozoa - these include segmented worms, mollusks, lophophores and several more obscure phyla.Ecdysozoa include arthropods and several other phyla that occasionally molt.Arthropods are triploblastic protostomes. They also have a nervous system with a dorsal "brain", an oropharyngeal nerve, and a pair of ventral nerves. Like annelids, their bodies are segmented both internally and externally. This is taken as evidence that annelids and arthropods are closely related. We now believe that segmentation is a convergent property.
Insects are the most successful group of organisms on the planet. Every third species of organism is an insect. During its development, the insect acquires several features that contribute to its success. The earliest insects lacked wings: The evolution of insect wings was a milestone - the first creatures to soar into the sky ruled the skies for 100 million years.
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Plants use the green pigment chlorophyll to a. absorb sunlight. b. store sunlight. c. reflect sunlight. d. change light to heat.
Answer: A
Explanation:
