How does transfer of thermal energy by radiation differ from convection and conduction?

992 millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the reaction flask.

Zinc nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn(NO₃)₂. This colorless, crystalline salt is extremely hydrophilic. it's generally encountered as a hexahydrate Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O. it's soluble in each water and alcohol. Zn Nitrate may be a colorless or white, odorless, crystalline (sand- like) solid or flake. it's used as a catalyst and a mordant for dyes, and in liquid plant food.

Chemists and materials scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the ways that within which the substances move with each other. They use their information to develop new and improved product and to check the standard of factory-made product.

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A chemist adds 435.0mL of a 2.28 M zinc nitrate ZnNO32 solution to a reaction flask. Calculate the millimoles of zinc nitrate the chemist has added to the flask. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

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20.00 g sample of methyl salicylate contains 12.63 g of carbon, 1.06 g of hydrogen, and 6.31 g of oxygen, the empirical formula of methyl salicylate is C8H803.

The lowest entire number proportion of atoms present in a compound is given by the most straightforward formula as well as empirical formula. This formula indicates the proportion of atoms of each element inside the compound.

The lowest entire number proportion of atoms present in a compound is given by the most straightforward formula as well as empirical formula. This formula indicates the proportion of atoms of each element inside the compound.

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Atoms of different element can not have same atomic number because only same type of atoms combine to form element. Atoms belonging to different element can have different atomic number. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Chemicals in the paint absorb light energy in a process called phosphorescence, radioactive elements keep the glow going.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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The relative abundance of isotopes is the number of atoms of a particular isotope divide by the total number of atoms of all isotopes of that element, multiplied 100 percent.

The relative abundance of an isotope is the percentage of atoms with a specific atomic mass found in a naturally occurring sample of an element.

Also relative abundances refers to the relative proportions of the stable isotopes of each element. They are most often quoted as atom percentages

To calculate the percent abundance of each isotope in a sample of an element,  the number of atoms of a particular isotope is usually divide by the total number of atoms of all isotopes of that element and then multiply the result by 100 since it is expressed in percentage.

Mathematically, the formula for relative abundance is given as;

R.A = ( number of atoms of isotope / total number of atoms ) x 100%

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The volume of 0.175M sodium sulfate solution that is necessary to completely react with 35.0 mL of 0.112M silver nitrate is 22.4mL.

Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

The volume of a solution can be calculated using the following expression:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, 0.175M sodium sulfate solution completely reacts with 35.0 mL of 0.112M silver nitrate. The volume required for this reaction to occur can be calculated as follows:

0.175 × Va = 35 × 0.112

0.175Va = 3.92

Va = 3.92/0.175

Va = 22.4mL

Therefore, 22.4mL is the volume of the sodium sulfate needed.

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When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.

Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.

The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.

It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:

                                              NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)

Initial conc. (in M)                     1                   -                 -

At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5          0.5          0.5

The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,

pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}[/tex]  _ _ _(i)

But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.

Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.

This is achieved by using the relation

Kb = [tex]\frac{Kw}{Ka}[/tex]

or,  -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka

or,  pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75

where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).

Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75

Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact

pOH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[base]}[/tex]  _ _ _(ii)

where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻]  or,  pOH + pH = pKw = 14    or,   pOH = 14 - pH

Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives

14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]

As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,

pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ [tex]\frac{0.50}{0.50}[/tex]

     = 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )

     = 9.25 - 0

pH = 9.25

Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.

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The potential energy between the nuclei is minimized and the orbital shells overlap.

We know that a covalent bond is the kind of bond that is formed when there is the combination of two atoms when there is the overlap of the orbitals of the two atoms. In the case of the hydrogen atoms, we can say that there is a bond as we notice that the two atomic orbitals have become overlapped on each other.

Let us note that when the two atoms are still far from each other, the potential energy between the atoms is high and as such the atoms of the element would tend to repel each other.

As the two atoms begin to approach each other, the repulsion between the nuclei of the elements is seen to become minimized and the bond is now seen to be formed as the atomic orbitals become overlapped.

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The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of this buffer is  5.14. pH is a unitless quantity.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.

0.18 M =NH₃

0.27 M= NH₄Cl.

Kb of NH₃ = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵

pKb = - log (kb)

      = - log (1.8 × 10⁻⁵)

       = 4.74

Using Henderson equation

pH = Pkb +ln [ NH₄Cl ]/ [NH₃]

    = 4.74 + ln (0.27 /0.18)

    = 5.14

Therefore, the pH of this buffer is 5.14.

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Answer:

The answer is 95.8 grams.

Explanation:

To solve this problem we need to use dimensional analysis. We have the amount in moles and want to find the mass in grams, so we need a conversion factor. This conversion factor is also given to us and allows us to "convert" between grams and moles. The dimensional analysis is modeled below:

2.0 mol * (47.9 g/1 mol) = 95.8 g

Notice how since we have the unit of moles in the numerator and the denominator, these will cancel out, yielding an answer expressed in grams.

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The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of C₆NH₂ in this calorimeter is  - 1.30 × 10³ kJ/mol.

The reaction is given as :

2CH6N2(l) + 5O2(g) ----> 2N2(g) + 2CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

given that :

initial temperature = 25 °C

final temperature = 39.05 °C

heat capacity of the calorimeter = 7.794 kJ/°C

mass of methylhydrazine = 4 g

molar mass of methylhydrazine  = 46.1 g/mol

the heat of reaction Q = - C ΔT

                                       = - 7.794 × ( 39.05 - 25)

                                       = - 113.0 kJ

the heat of reaction of a mole = - (113.0 kJ / 4) × 46.1

                                                  = - 1.30 × 10³ kJ/mol

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Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.

This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.

However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.

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Answer: Diurnal temperature range is the difference between __maximum______ and ____minimum____ temperature each ___1 day______.

Explanation:

Nonmetal oxides form acid solutions. SO2, Cl2O, and N2O5 are acid solutions.

A chemical that offers off hydrogen ions in water and paperwork salts through combining with positive metals. Acids have a sour flavor and turn positive dyes purple. a few acids made by using the body, such as gastric acid, can assist organs work the way they must. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid.

An acidic solution has a high attention of hydrogen ions, H +start superscript, plus, stop superscript, greater than that of pure water. An acidic solution is a liquid combination that happens when hydrogen ions are launched while mixed with water. This definition is known as the Brønsted-Lowry theory: acids provide hydrogen protons, at the same time as bases "accept" hydrogen protons. some answers are more acidic than others.

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There are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

Ammonium ( NH₄⁺ ) comes from Ammonia ( NH₃ ) :

NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺ ( Ammonium ion )

Acetate ( CH₃COO⁻ ) comes from Acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) :

CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺

Ammonium acetate :

NH₄⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ = CH₃COONH₄

Here, Ammonium ion does not have any O atom and acetate have 2 o atoms,

0-O + 2-O = Total number of atom O

Total number of atom O = 2

So, the right option is B. 2, there are 2 O atoms are in Ammonium acetate ( CH₃COONH₄ ).

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If two  different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers and Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. They would have same volume in common

The space occupied inside an object's borders in three dimensions is referred to as its volume. It is sometimes referred to as the object's capacity.

The capacity of a thing is measured by its volume. For instance, a cup's capacity is stated to be 100 ml if it can hold 100 ml of water in its brim.

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Complete question unfound

The packing efficiency of Chromium atom is 68.8 %.

The volume of the chromium atom is calculated by applying the following equation.

V = M / ρ

where;

V = ( 51.996 g ) / ( 7.15 g/cm³)

V = 7.27 cm³

The radius of the atom for a body‑centered cubic unit cell is calculated as follows;

V = (2) x (4/3 πr³)

V = (8πr³)/3

8πr³ = 3V

r³ = 3V / 8π

r = (3V / 8π)^¹/₃

r = (3 x 7.27 / 8π)^¹/₃

r = 0.95 cm

The volume of the unit cell is calculated as;

Vc = (4r/√3)³

Vc = (4 x 0.95 / √3)³

Vc = 10.56 cm³

The packing efficiency of Chromium atom is calculated as;

= volume of the atom / volume of unit cell  x 100%

= (7.27 cm³ / 10.56 cm³) x 100%

= 68.8 %

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Answer:

The correct answer is Metalloids

The density of an unknown gas is 2.00 grams per liter at 3.00 atmosphere pressure and 127oc.the molar mass of this gas is 21.87 g/mol.

given that :

density , d = 2 g/L

pressure P = 3 atm

temperature , T = 127 °C

the ideal gas equation is given as :

P V = nR T

and d = m / V

where,

m = mass

V = volume

Molar mass M = m/n

now the equation becomes :

P V / m = n R T / m

P / d = R T / M

M = d R T / P

M = ( 2 g/L × 0.082 L atm / mol K × 400.15 K ) / 3 atm

M = 21.87 g / mol

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Ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2, will decompose to yield nitrogen gas and water Vapor by the following equation:

NH4NO2(s)--->2H2O(g)+N2(g)

A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. As per law of conservation of mass, the mass of your initial substances (reactants) will be the same as the mass of the substances that you get after the reaction has occurred (products). The mass will stay the same because the number of each kind of atom stays the same. The mass will increase because a new kind of molecule is formed. The principle is that the mass of matter, in a closed system, will always be the same no matter what type of change happens to the matter. Whether it's a change in state, or dissolving, or a chemical reaction, or any combination of these, the amount of mass will not change.

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Answer:

c.

Explanation:

the closest would be C.

1N = 0.10197 kg

1 kg = 9.81 N

9.81×72.5=711.225

The principle quantum number(n) for this atom is 5

The position in an atom's shells and the size of an electron orbital are described by the primary quantum number, which is the most significant. The quantum number connected to the angular momentum of an atomic electron is called the azimuthal quantum number.

The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom [tex]E_{n} = -0.544eV[/tex]

For hydrogen, Z = 1

The principal quantum number for [tex]n[/tex] for this atom is calculated by for this atom is determined using Bohr's atomic model,

So that [tex]E_{n} = \frac{-13.6(Z)^{2}}{n^{2}}eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

Where [tex]n[/tex] is the principal quantum number, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy, and [tex]Z[/tex] is the atomic number The values are substituted,

=> [tex]-0.544eV = -\frac{13.6(1)^{2}}{n^{2}} eVatom^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]n^{2} = -\frac{13.6}{-0.544} \\n^{2} = 25\\n = 5[/tex]

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The molarity of HCl is 1.0 M. the volume of HCl is calculated as follows:

The volume of HCl = Number of moles/Molarity

0.017 mol/1.0 mol/L

= 0.017 L

=17 mL

Since the total volume of the buffer solution is 1 L. The volume of water is calculated as:

The volume of water = 1 - Volume of HCI

= 1-0.017

= 0.983 L

Hence, to prepare a phosphate buffer, 7.1 g of Na, HPO4, 17 mL of HCl, and 0.983 L of water are mixed together.

Phosphate-buffered saline is a commonly used buffer in biological research. This is an aqueous saline solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and in some formulations potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Buffers help maintain a constant pH.

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Sp[tex]3[/tex] hybridization of a molecule with two lone pairs is present. This molecule's geometry is determined by its electron pair structure. If more than one bond angle is possible, separate each one with a space.

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Answer: The answer is false

Explanation:

Most likely the mid ocean ridge happens at point A.

What are mid ocean ridges?

A continuous system of underwater volcanoes that encircles the planet like seams on a baseball and stretches for approximately 65,000 kilometres is known as the mid-ocean ridge system (40,390 miles). The system is mostly submerged, with water reaching the top of the ridge on average at a depth of 2,500 meters (8,200 feet).

From the given diagram it can be seen the above description fits in point A

Therefore Most likely the mid ocean ridge happens at point A

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Answer:

TOTAL: $90000

Explanation:

The adding of an acid or base to a buffer seems to have no effect on the pH of the buffer. In contrast, going to add acid or base to unbuffered water drastically changes the pH.

Any hydrogen-containing substance skilled of making a donation a proton (hydrogen ion) to that other substance is defined as an acid. A base is a compound or ion that really can accept an acid's hydrogen ion. The sour flavours of weak acids is generally described by the contaminant that emits hydrogen ions in water and formation salts by incorporating with these metals. Acids have a bitter aftertaste and cause certain dyes to turn red. buffer is an aqueous solution that withstands adjustments in pH upon on the addition of either an acid or a base". Furthermore, adding water to a buffer or going to allow it to evaporate from of the buffer has no significant effect just on pH of the buffer.

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The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.

CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)

At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.

given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L

we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2

S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L

[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L

now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2

= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2

= 4.14 x 10^ -11

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Erwin Schrodinger is the scientist who created the present theory of the atom, which states that electrons are found in areas known as orbitals or electron clouds.

He proposed the treatment of electrons as matter waves in the quantum mechanical model of the atom. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger created the "Electron Cloud Model." It was made up of an electron cloud with many different orbital levels surrounding a dense nucleus. He determined areas around the nucleus that are most likely to contain electrons based on his estimates. He referred to these areas as orbitals. "Lobes" are a term used to describe the likelihood of finding electrons in orbitals. This atomic model is a representation of an atom that has a small, massive nucleus that is encircled by a cloud of electrons that are travelling quickly.

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-23.4kj is  the standard gibbs free energy associated with the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen at 25 c and 500 c

-

The temperature is 25 deg C or 298 K.

ΔGo =−RTlnK=−8.314×298×ln1.3×104 =−23469J=−23.4kJ

Hence, the standard free energy change is -23.4 kJ

Gibbs free energy, thermodynamics The word "free energy" refers to a thermal potential that can be utilized to determine the maximal amount of work that a thermodynamically closed system can perform at constant pressure and temperature. The change in limitless energy that occurs when a chemical is created from its components in their most thermodynamically states under appropriate conditions is referred to as the free basic energy of formation. Ammonia is a colourless gas that has a strong suffocating odour. It easily dissolves in the water, forming an ammonium hypochlorite that can cause discomfort and burns. Under pressure, ammonia gas compresses easily and formation a clear, colourless liquid.

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