Trial court decisions are not binding precedent for trial courts in the American legal system. Even San Diego's trial courts legal precedent frequently reach similar conclusions, they aren't bound by one another.
A trial court judge may refer to a case that was tried at her level for guidance, but she is free to reject the verdict and reach her own legal precedent conclusion if she so chooses.
The Supreme Court and appellate courts are expected to be followed by the trial courts. When it comes to constitutional matters, state trial courts American legal system typically follow the rulings of their respective state appellate courts. The U.S. Supreme Court and federal appeals courts are consulted by federal courts.
Lower courts within the same jurisdiction must follow an order from a higher court, and courts from other jurisdictions may choose to follow the order or take a different course of action. For instance, a judge in the legal precedent New York District Court determined in 2015 that confessions made at an AA meeting ought to be protected religious confessions. Despite this, since the New York District Court only has American legal system jurisdiction over a small portion of New York's counties, Californian judges are not required to follow this ruling in those counties. Instead, they are free to do as they see fit.
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Who must yield at a T intersection?
Answer:
joining road must yield
Explanation:
i took the test
What is the impact of civic participation in society?
Civic participation can have a significant impact on society. It can help to strengthen communities and government by providing members of those communities a voice in the decision-making process.
What is society?
A society is a group of people who regularly interact with each other or a large social group that inhabits the same physical or social territory and is typically under the control of the same political leadership and prevailing cultural expectations. A given society may be defined as the sum of all of these relationships among its constituent members. Societies are characterised by patterns of relationships (societal) between people who share a particular culture and institutions. Inside the social sciences, subgroup dominance or stratification patterns frequently appear in larger societies. By designating certain behaviours or ideas as acceptable or unacceptable, societies create patterns of behaviour. The term "societal norms" refers to these behavioural patterns within a particular society. Societies and their norms are constantly and gradually changing.
It can also help to ensure the rights of citizens are respected, by providing an outlet for them to express their opinions and advocate for their interests. Civic participation can also help to increase public awareness of political and social issues, and to encourage collaboration and cooperation between citizens, government, and private institutions. Finally, it can help to create a sense of shared identity, by giving citizens a sense of ownership in their local communities.
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How does age affect voter turnout ?
Along with rising age, education level, and income, voter turnout also rose. Voter turnout was highest among voters 65 to 74 years old at 76.0%, and lowest among voters 18 to 24 years old at 51.4%.
Quiz about how age affects voting participation.In a presidential election year, voters between the ages of 18 and 29 turn out between 47 and 65 percent of the time, while those over 60 turn out at a rate above 80 percent. People under 30 vote at a rate of 17–35% in midterm elections, whereas people over 60 vote at a rate of 70%.
What are some elements that affect the voting rate?The type of election (e.g., presidential or midterm) and the level of competition in the race are other factors that affect voter turnout. the total number of voters in a jurisdiction that are of voting age (18 years of age or older).
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all amendments in constitution of pakistan 1973
The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 was unanimously adopted by the then National Assembly of Pakistan on April 12, 1973 when it was signed by the President of the Assembly.
But soon after the enactment of the Constitution, it had to undergo a series of amendments which included minor and major amendments. Seven such amendments were made from May 8, 1974 to May 16, 1977 by the National Assembly that passed the Constitution.
Amendment in Article 160 refer to taxes raised under the authority of Parliament.
Amendment in Article 175 provides for separation of judiciary from executive.
Amendment in Article 172 refer to retirement of Chief Justice of Pakistan.
Amendment of Article 180 provides for appointment of Acting Chief Justice of Pakistan.
Amendment of Article 187 refer to issue and execution of process of Supreme Court subject to their jurisdiction.
Amendment of Article 195 refers retirement of Chief Justice of a High Court.
Amendment of Article 196 refers to appointment of Acting Chief Justice of a High Court.
Amendment of Article 199 curtails the jurisdiction of a High Court. The same was omitted subsequently.
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benito mussolini military actions
Following his declaration of war on Britain and France in June 1940, which revealed Italian military frailty, the country suffered a string of setbacks in North and East Africa as well as the Balkans.
What is declaration of war?A formal declaration of war is an act through which one state informs another of ongoing or imminent hostilities. The declaration is a performative speech act made by an official national government party to declare war on two or more states. The head of state or sovereign is granted this authority in several countries. Other times, something less formal than a formal declaration of war, such a letter of marque or a clandestine operation, may allow for the authorization of warlike actions by privateers or mercenaries. In the Hague Convention (III) on the Opening of Hostilities, published in 1907, the official international protocol for declaring war was laid down.
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examine one of the social/political struggles led by Mexican-American and/or Chicano/a activists. Analyze what activists were fighting for (or against), why they engaged in political activism, and the tactics used to achieve their goals.
300 words
The Chicano Movement, additionally cited as El Movimiento, changed into a social and political movement within side the United States.
The required details for Chicano Movement in given paragraph
Chicano Movement stimulated through earlier acts of resistance amongst human beings of Mexican descent, mainly of Pachucos within side the Forties and 1950s, and the Black Power movement, that labored to embody a Chicano/a identification and worldview that combated structural racism, endorsed cultural revitalization, and done network empowerment through rejecting assimilation. Before this, Chicano/a have been a time period of derision, followed through a few Pachucos as an expression of defiance to Anglo-American society. With the upward push of Chicanismo, Chicano/a have become a reclaimed time period within side the Nineteen Sixties and 1970s, used to specific political autonomy, ethnic and cultural harmony, and satisfaction in being of Indigenous descent, diverging from the assimilationist Mexican-American identification. Chicanos additionally expressed harmony and described their subculture thru the improvement of Chicano artwork in the course of El Movimiento, and stood corporation in retaining their religion.
The Chicano Movement changed into motivated through and entwined with the Black Power movement, and each actions held comparable goals of network empowerment and liberation whilst additionally calling for Black-Brown unity. Leaders such as César Chávez, Reies Tijerina, and Rodolfo Gonzales discovered techniques of resistance and labored with leaders of the Black Power movement.
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What three factors usually make an issue a matter of public policy?
The public perceives the issue as a problem that the government must address since it has a major and widespread impact on the population (relevant). Usually, these three elements include matters of public policy.
Public policy is a framework of guidelines, courses of action, laws, and budgetary priorities addressing a particular issue that has been decided by a governing entity or its representatives.
Public policy examples include educating the populace on how to make healthy decisions about their diet, exercise, and the effects of smoking. Like the mask regulations and other public policies we observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, policies may also be used to stop the spread of illnesses.
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responsibilities of the house of representatives and senate
Legislation and government oversight are the two main responsibilities of the House of Representatives. Examining legislation enacted by the House of Representatives is the Senate's major responsibility.
The 435-member House represents each state according to its Legislation population, giving bigger states more influence. Adopting legislation that modifies federal law is the House's main responsibility. However, it also serves a number of other crucial purposes.
The main responsibilities of a representative include presenting bills for debate and vote, participating in committee meetings, and initiating House of Representatives amendments to bills. All tax and spending legislation, as well as the Legislation ability to remove federal officials from office, must be introduced by the House.
Not every member of Congress is an attorney, a career politician, or a well-known figure looking to establish a solid reputation. The following are a some of the additional positions held by members of Congress: auto dealer. announcer for rodeos. Welder. owner House of Representatives of a mortuary. engineer for software. Physician.
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What is an example of a common interest group ?
Common Interest Groups, or CIGs, are a collection of people who have agreed to band together for the project's productive activities.
What constitutes a shared interest group, specifically?The most typical kind of interest group is a corporate group, which employs more than half of all registered lobbyists. For instance, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce advocates for pro-business policies that benefit the entire economy rather than just one sector.
What does a community of interest mean?A Common Interest Group is designed to promote organic and flexible group interactions among people who have similar interests in the same fields of study or work.
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feminist criticism sparknotes
For instance, feminist critics may claim that certain male authors communicate to their readers as if they are all men and ignore the female reader. Like feminism itself, feminist literary theory draws attention to how men and women interact and play their respective societal roles.
What is feminism?The definition and establishment of political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes are the objectives of feminism. A variety of social movements and ideologies make up feminism. Feminism includes the belief that men's viewpoints are prioritised in these societies and that women are treated unfairly. The idea that all genders should have the same chances and rights is known as feminism. It entails appreciating the various experiences, identities, talents, and strengths of women while also putting forth effort to make sure that each woman gets the chance to utilise all of her legal rights. Feminism is an interdisciplinary approach to issues of equality and equity based on gender, gender expression, gender identity, sex, and sexuality, as understood via social theory and political involvement.
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which conclusion about claudius does the excerpt support
The conclusion about Claudius is that he is not a well-liked monarch.
The play's main enemy for Hamlet is a cunning, lusty, and cunning king who stands in stark contrast to the other male characters. Claudius is hell-bent on preserving his own power, in contrast to the majority of the other significant figures in Hamlet who are focused with concepts of justice, vengeance, and moral balance. While Claudius is a dishonest politician whose primary tactic is his ability to influence others through his deft use of words, the ancient King Hamlet appears to be a severe warrior. Speaking to someone is likened to having poison poured into one's ear, which is how Claudius killed Hamlet's father.
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What kind of courts are federal courts?
Federal courts have limited jurisdiction, which means they can only hear cases authorized by the US Constitution or federal statutes. Any case arising under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties is heard in federal district court.
A court is defined by law as any person or entity with the authority to settle legal disputes and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative cases.
They decide whether or not a crime occurred and what course of action should be taken. They also provide a peaceful means for people who are unable to resolve personal disputes on their own, as well as the appropriate punishment for crimes committed.
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what is the event in the headline most likely a response to
Event in the headline most likely a response to the economy is growing rapidly.
The government is most likely to increase taxes during periods of rapid economic growth in order to maintain economic equilibrium.
Taxes and economic growth are strongly correlated, as the government is more likely to lower tax rates when the economy is weak in an effort to balance the budget and attempt to end the recession than it is to raise them in the example scenario above when the economy is robust.
According to the IMF's latest forecast, our economy would expand by more than 6% this year, Biden stated. "That will be the nation's fastest economic growth rate in over four decades. America is advancing and moving. Grant Thornton's Swonk predicted that the economy will expand at its quickest rate since 1984.
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What are three requirements for voting in all states ?
The three cleavage-based totally voting elements targeted on in studies are magnificence, gender, and religion. first off, religion is often a aspect that impacts one's celebration desire.
The vote is a way by using which a set, together with an assembly or an electorate, can have interaction for the motive of making a collective choice or expressing an opinion commonly following discussions, debates or election campaigns. Democracies select holders of the excessive workplace through vote casting. verb (used without item), vot·ed, vot·ing. to specific or signify will or preference in a depend, as by way of casting a poll: handiest 3 Republicans broke with their party to vote closer to the diploma. with the aid of using voting, residents are participating in the democratic procedure. citizens vote for leaders to represent them and their ideas, and the leaders assist the citizens' hobbies. There are particular rights only for U.S. citizens: balloting in federal elections and on foot for the federal administrative center.
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how long is 9 blocks
Therefore, identifying how a way you need to move based on miles in preference to blocks is going to be a piece extra correct. On common, the primary unit that we use to decide how blocks convert to miles is that five blocks are about 1 / 4 of a mile. consequently, it's going to take approximately 20 blocks to go one mile.
A block isn't simply described by distance but instead is described via the gap among past streets, which can be 50 feet or two hundred toes, relying on the vicinity. maximum blocks in cities have a tendency to be 2 hundred - three hundred ft apart, so the gap between 2 blocks would be more or less 400 - six hundred toes.
Inside the US, the maximum usually used, the general size of cinder block is 16 inches long with the aid of eight inches excessive by using 8-inch intensity, that's represented in inch as eight″×eight″×16″ or in mm as 200 × 200 × 400 (depth × peak× duration).
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Did Anti-Federalists support the 10th Amendment?
Yes, Historians credit Anti-Federalists with the inclusion of the tenth change within the charter. Anti-Federalists have been worried approximately the concentration of power within the countrywide authorities and the 10th change states that federal electricity is limited.
The tenth modification was included in the invoice of Rights to similarly outline the balance of electricity among the federal authorities and the states. The amendment says that the federal government has only those powers specially granted by using the charter.
The constitution grants the federal authorities sure powers, and the 10th modification reminds us that any powers now not granted to the federal government "are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." The motive of this structure is simple.
While the ninth modification affords that the enumeration of certain rights in the constitution does not deny or disparage other unenumerated rights retained by using the people, the tenth change genuinely reserves to the states the powers that the charter neither delegates to the federal authorities nor prohibits.
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How many members are there in the House of Representatives o 100 o 200 o 435 0 535?
435 members are there in the House of Representatives.
The individuals of the house of Representatives are elected for the two-year time period of a Congress. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 establishes that there be 435 Representatives and the Uniform Congressional Redistricting Act calls for them to be elected from unmarried-member constituencies or districts.
There are currently 435 balloting representatives. five delegates and one resident commissioner function as non-voting individuals of the residence, although they can vote in committee. Representatives must be 25 years old and ought to be U.S. residents for a minimum of 7 years.
On this date, the house exceeded the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929, solving the range of Representatives at 435. The U.S. Constitution called for a minimum of one representative according to country and no multiple for every 30,000 men and women. for this reason, the size of a state states House's House delegation relied on its population.
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How fear controls the boys in Lord of the Flies?
The fear act as a barrier. It controls the boys in Lord of the Flies and influences children's attitudes and behavior.
Fear controls the boys by preventing them from thinking or acting rationally or questioning certain situations, and is often physically and mentally draining.
It makes me feel like I don't care what I do. When the boys are overcome with fear, it becomes the most destructive force on the island.
This sentiment is shared by all boys in many ways. Initially, they are clearly terrified of being alone on the island and become afraid of what we know as beasts. It made an impact. A "cry home" for the "old life" they had lived was their predicament.
It acts as a barrier that inevitably collapses. Both Sectors die as a result of their fear of the beast.
Hence, this terror causes all forms of society to collapse and bring disaster to the island.
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the u s system of federalism is based on
In the United States federalism is based on federal and state level powers.
Federalism is the idea or practise of using federal principles to distribute authority among member entities and shared institutions. In contrast to unitary states, federal political regimes contain non-centralized, frequently constitutional, divisions of sovereignty between at least two levels, giving each level the last say and the ability to exercise self-government in some areas. As a result, two authorities have political obligations to citizens or are responsible for protecting their rights. The centre normally has authority over defence and foreign policy, but member units may also play international responsibilities. The power split between the member unit and centre might vary. The central decision-making bodies may also include the decision-making bodies of the member units.
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how many epistles does the third group of Pauls letters contain? please hurry.
The third group of Paul's letters contain a total of 4 epistles namely, Philippians, Colossians, Ephesians, and Philemon.
Give a brief account on Pauline epistles.The thirteen New Testament works that are credited to Paul the Apostle are known as Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, but some of their authorship is disputed. Some of the earliest surviving Christian writings can be found in these epistles. They shed light on the philosophies and debates of early Christianity. These New Testament canonical passages serve as the cornerstones of Christian theology and ethics.
Seven of the Pauline epistles are generally accepted by scholars to have been written by Paul, whilst three of them are commonly accepted to be pseudo-Pauline. There is some disagreement over whether Paul actually composed the other three epistles. Some academics contend that Paul authored the dubious letters with the assistance of an assistant, or amanuensis, who would have affected their style, if not their theological content. Although Origen, Tertullian, and Hippolytus, among others, questioned its authorship, the Epistle to the Hebrews was traditionally regarded as Pauline. However, from the 16th century onward, opinion steadily shifted against Pauline authorship, and today few scholars still attribute it to Paul. This is largely because the epistle does not read like any of Paul's other epistles in style or content, and because it does not state explicitly that Paul is the author.
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How does soft money get around campaign finance laws?
The federal campaign finance legislation does not apply to donations made to national and state parties that are known as "soft money" since they are made to party committees rather than directly to candidates for use in general campaigns.
Who is soft money obtained by?Utilization of soft money by national party groups.
Because the government's interest in "preventing the real or apparent corruption of federal candidates and officeholders" was deemed vital enough to support contribution restrictions, the Court determined that this provision did not violate the Constitution.
"Soft money" is widely used to describe funds that are generated and used outside of the restrictions and limitations of federal election law. Large donations from individuals, businesses, and labor unions are frequently part of it.
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how did washington feel about the constitution
Washington admired the Constitution's ability to be amended and said that the version that came out of the convention was the greatest one that could have been written at the time.
The United States Constitution was written in 1787, and George Washington was a major contributor to the document. In his capacity as president, he established procedures for the new government's executive branch. His one and only goal were to build a country that would be able to withstand the war between Britain and France.
Although the Constitution did not specifically limit the president's tenure, Washington was aware that its system of checks and balances was intended to guard against the misuse of power. Its language did not prohibit the third term, but in his opinion, its spirit did.
Washington's decision to forego a third term served as a precedent for his successors, which were followed until 1940 and 1944, when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for and won a third and fourth term, respectively. (The Constitution's Twenty-Second Amendment, which establishes presidential term limits, was adopted in 1951.) Only if individuals were prepared and able to control their own passions and prejudices would the Constitution's system of checks and balances and guarantee of liberty function effectively. He set a good example by resigning,
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how does patriarchy affect society
Patriarchy is a socially-constructed system where males have primary power. It affects many aspects of life, from political leadership, business management, religious institutions, economic systems and property ownership.
The relationships that a person forms with family, friends, strangers, and other people make up their social life. The quantity and caliber of their regular social interactions, both offline and online, can be used to measure it. In a patriarchal social structure, men predominately occupy roles of power and privilege.
In both the public and private spheres, male dominance is referred to as patriarchy. The power dynamic between men and women is most commonly referred to as a "patriarchy" by feminists. A social person enjoys being around people and engaging in conversation with them. Things that relate to society in general are also referred to as social.
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in state government what does the office of the secretary of state do brainly
The office of the secretary of state oversees state agencies and elections. The duties of the Secretary of State include representing as the state's Chief Elections Officer. Implementing e - filing and disclosure of campaign and lobby group financial information via the Internet. Keeping track of business filings.
Considering the available in a state government, the secretary of state's office "oversees state agencies and elections."
Other responsibilities of the secretary of state in a state government include the following:
Keeping official documents from the executive branch and legislative ordinances.
Evaluating, preserving, and disseminating business and nonprofit organization public-interest records.
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How does the government protect the public?
Experts in attachment and infant development agree that all infants need care that is responsive to the individual child’s needs.
The statement 'experts in attachment and infant development agree that all infants need care that is responsive to the individual child’s needs' is TRUE.
Why is important affective care in children?Affective care during parenthood plays a fundamental role in children by positively enhancing mental health, which leads to normal development, which is also important to develop a state of self-esteem after this stage.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that affective development is critical in children to shape his/her mental health.
Complete question:
True or False: Experts in attachment and infant development agree that all infants need care that is responsive to the individual child’s needs.
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What are the three main areas of public policy?
The three main areas of public policy are social, economic, and foreign.
To ascertain the kinds of cultures and behaviors that are seen as acceptable in that society, the social issue is treated. To keep the standard of living of Americans high, economic policies are developed. The goal of foreign policy is to sustain positive connections with other countries so that they will ultimately be advantageous to us.
Public policy, which is governed by a notion and frequently carried out by programs, is an institutionalized plan or a decided collection of features like laws, rules, guidelines, and activities to solve or address pertinent and real-world problems.
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how to beat stagflation
Stagflation means a situation of downturn in economy sue to presence of inflation over a long period of time.
A period of low economic activity and excessive inflation is referred to as stagflation. Both businesses and customers may suffer from this unusual combination. Stagflation is an uncommon economic occurrence, but it has the potential to have a big impact on both businesses and investors. If you're concerned regarding stagflation, be cautious while investing & try to minimize losses.
Finally, keep in mind that although stagflation can be challenging to endure, it is not insurmountable. With proper long-term management of your financial portfolio, you can overcome this problem.
Government can also intervene to fight stagflation, like increasing its spending so that economic activities boost up in the economy as well as lowering down tax rates.
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Who decides which currency each country in the world uses the United Nations?
Each government determines which currency each country in the globe uses.
Who determines the value of the world's currencies?A managed floating exchange rate determines current international exchange rates. A controlled floating exchange rate implies that the value of each currency is influenced by the economic activity of its government or central bank. The value of a currency is determined by the aggregate supply and demand. A variety of factors influence supply and demand, including interest rates, inflation, capital flow, and money supply. To keep a country's economy healthy, the central bank controls the amount of money in circulation. Central banks influence the money supply via influencing interest rates, creating money, and establishing bank reserve requirements.
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Who is majority leader?
Every two years, the majority leader is selected. The majority leader is chosen by the majority party at meetings held prior to the beginning of a new Congress.
The head of the U.S. political party with the largest membership House of Representatives or the Senate.
The majority leader coordinates daily, monthly, and annual legislative strategies, schedules bills for consideration on the House floor, communicates with lawmakers to see how party members feel about topics, and strives to further the party's objectives.
The Speaker of the House is in charge first, followed by the majority leader. The majority leader coordinates daily, monthly, and annual legislative strategies, schedules bills for consideration on the House floor, and talks with lawmakers to learn how party members feel about certain subjects works to further the party's objectives
In the U.S. House of Representatives, the majority leader still represents his or her constituency. However, unlike the Speaker, the majority leader typically does not chair committees or use the floor to lead discussion on significant matters.
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