Huntington’s disease (HD) is prevalent South Africa. Most of the families with HD have Dutch or British ancestry, which suggests they inherited the European HD allele. HD is believed to have first arrived in South Africa more than 300 years ago when Dutch colonists settled into the Western Cape in the 1600s. Thus, the prevalence of HD in South Africa is the result of the founder effect.

Mutations in the HTT gene cause Huntington’s disease. The HTT gene provides instructions for making a protein called huntintin. This protein plays a role in nerve cells in the brain. The HTT mutation that causes HD involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat. This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene. In people with HD, the CAG segment is repeated 36 to more than 120 times. An increase in the size of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the huntintin protein. This causes the dysfunction and eventual death of neurons in certain areas of the brain. The more repeats, the more serious the disease is.

HD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. There is both an adult onset (after reproductive age) and a juvenile onset pattern. People with adult onset typically have 40 to 50 repeats, while people with the juvenile form tend to have more than 60 repeats. Individuals who have 27 to 35 repeats do not develop HD, but they are at risk of having children who will develop the disorder. As the gene is passed on to offspring, the size of the repeat may lengthen into the range associated with HD.

Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.


Related Questions

Help with this pls I'm very counfused and it's due in 1 hours. 

Answers

Answer:

OH HELL NAW NOT A WHOLE LONG ASH QUESTION PAGE

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

How much marks will you give for this????

When asked for an example of an adaptation, a student explained, "A turtle's hard shell is an adaptation. A long time ago, a few turtles were able to make their shells harder in order to protect themselves from predators and then passed the trait of harder shells on to their offspring." Do you agree or disagree with this student? Explain why.​

Answers

Answer:

I agree with the student by species

Which of the following is NOT a result of cell division

a
reproduction
b
nutrition
c
growth
d
repair

Answers

Answer:

its d repair crlls can't repair itself

Cell division is the division of cells through a series of events. It results in reproduction, growth and repair. Nutrition is not a result of cell division.

What is a cell cycle?

Cell cycle is a series of event where a cell grow, differentiate, accumulate nutrients, duplicates its genome and divide to form daughter cells.

Cell cycle has two phases in which one is interphase in which the cell grow and accumulate nutrition, along with this cell duplicates its genome. Second phase is M-phase in which cell division takes place.

Cell division helps cell in reproduction, growth and repair.

Thus, the correct option is b, as nutrition as it is not a result of cell division.

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Use the word box below to label the main features of a cladogram.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

number 4 is node

In the given cladogram the number 4 is node.

What is Cladogram?

A phylogeny, or hypothetical link between groups of creatures, is depicted in a diagram known as a cladogram. A phylogenetic systematics researcher will use a cladogram to depict the groups of organisms being compared, their relationships, and their most recent shared ancestors.

A cladogram might be quite complicated and compare every known form of life, or it can be extremely simple and compare just two or three groups of creatures.

Cladogram design is straightforward but ubiquitous. The creatures being examined, lines, and nodes where those lines intersect make up a cladogram.

Therefore, In the given cladogram the number 4 is node.

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What is meant by nucleoid?​

Answers

Answer:

The nucleoid is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. 

pls answer ill give brainlyist (ik i spelt it wrong)

Scientists have recorded increasing ocean temperatures. Which of the following is not a consequence of these increasing global temperatures?

altered species interactions



lower salinity in ocean water



shifts in the range of habitat for organisms



changes in the seasonal abundance of populations

Answers

Answer:

Lower Salinity in the ocean water.

Explanation:

The ocean absorbs most of the excess heat from greenhouse gas emissions, leading to rising ocean temperatures. Increasing ocean temperatures affect marine species and ecosystems. Rising temperatures cause coral bleaching and the loss of breeding grounds for marine fishes and mammals.

Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these "salinity raising" factors are continually counterbalanced by the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice.

As temperature increases, the space between water molecules increases—also known as density, which therefore decreases. ... Salinity and density share a positive relationship. As density increases, the amount of salts in the water—also known as salinity, increases


Why would a Nonsense mutation be less damaging if it occurred at the end of the gene rather than the
beginning?

Answers

Nonsense mutations make stop codons. If the mutation is towards the beginning of a gene, then the protein that gets created will be cut short and not function properly. But if it was towards the end, there is still a chance that the protein will still be able to work.

A brother and sister are fighting over a toy. The brother pulls the toy with a force of 6N
while the sister pulls back with a force of 8 N. What is the net force? Who gets the toy?

Answers

Answer:

the sister wins of course since she is pulling with a stronger force

Explanation:

net force

8n-6n=

2N

PLEASE PLEASE HELP! No websites please!

Answers

Answer:

Igneous rock

:D

BRAINLY TO WHOEVER CAN HELP

Organisms are classified into kingdoms primarily on the basis of
A)behavior
B)structure
C)size
D)habitat

Answers

Answer:

B Structure :)

Explanation:

What type of trait is the body length?

Answers

The type of trait the body length is, is polygenic

Plsssss help meh ASAP

Answers

Answer:

Cost

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer Is D = Cost

Explanation:

Characteristics such as melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, color, odor, etc. are physical properties. So the only one left is D. Cost :)

Can somebody help me to this answer?

Answers

Answer:

Saving forest -> Use computers for communication and taking notes, conserving freshwater aquifers -> Treat sewage water and use it in factories, Reducing CO2 emissions that contribute to climate change -> Walk or use bicycle for short distance trave

Answer:

1. bottom box, 2. top box, 3. middle box

Explanation: common sense really

When transcribing from DNA to RNA, what bonds to Adenine?

a:Guanine
b:Thymine
c:Uracil
d:Cytosine

Answers

Answer:

Uracil

Explanation:

The only difference between the bases of DNA and RNA is that:

DNA its Adenine - Thymine

RNA it replaces Thymine to Uracil = Adenine - Uracil

No matter what phase water is in, the water molecules stay the same; they just move differently.”
Explain why this evidence matters:

Answers

Answer:

Think about how the water cycle works etiher look in a tetbook or something

Explanation:

What happens when you combine two clear liquid solutions, a thick black solid material forms on the bottom of the beaker.

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

A precipitate is formed when a mixture of two soluble substances results in the formation of an insoluble product. It usually happens during a double decomposition reaction.

The two clear liquids combined both contain soluble substances. These interact to yield an insoluble product also known as a precipitate which is black in colour and settles on the bottom of the beaker.

SOOOOMMMEEEE OONNNEEE PLLLEEEASSSEEE HEEELPPP ME. WITH THE RED PART ON THE TOP RIGHT CONER I PICKED ALANTIC PUFFIN BECUSSE IT LOOKS LIKE THR BARN OWL IT SAY I CHOSSE ..... BECUSEE... NEED HELP WITH THAT NOOOOOO LINKS​

Answers

Answer:

they do kinda look similar although i would choose the owl, mainly since there a top predator in the birb species, they hunt at night cause they know thats a time where the main preys at, they can take down full turkeys, other birds of prey/raptors, as well as abduct full grown dogs and cats depending on the size of them (that has happened to me lol) they have a long life span, they look like grey aliens in disguise as an animal to be amongst the human race, as well as a lot of alien abduction stories and alien sightings the people report seeing large owls either before or after there iincounter, i can add more reasons to like owls if you want

Explanation:

They also poop out there full preys skeleton so if you ever find owl poop there will most likely be a full skeleton of an animal in there

Four waves have different wavelengths and frequencies. Which statement is true
A- the wave with the greatest frequency will be the most powerful wave
B- all waves have to mechanical
C- the wave with the lowest frequency will be the most powerful wave
D- none of the above

Answers

Answer:B

Explanation:

Answer:

B- All waves have to mechanical

Explanation:

hope this helps! <3

Which statement about predator-prey populations is true?


A. The relationship between predator and prey populations keeps both populations in balance.

B. A decrease in the prey population is followed by an increase in the predator population.

C. An increase in the predator population is followed by an increase in the prey population.

D. two of the above.

Answers

Answer:

it is A

Explanation:

it A because it is a balance the predator eat the pray so it does not over populate

Can someone help me use speciation in a sentence

Answers

Answer:

A new ecosystem can lead to specitation.

-Xax

1. The innate tendeney of offspring to resemble their parents is called
a) varaition
b) herldity
c) Inheritance
d) resemblance

Answers

Answer:
Heredity

Sorry if it’s wrong : (
The answer is Heredity

Please Please Help Me!!!

Describe an experiment used to prove that amino acids and sucrose go up and down the phloem.​

Answers

Answer:

By using carbon-14 in the experiment in order to prove the statement.

Explanation:

Translocation occurs in the plant body in order to transport amino acids and sucrose from one part to another by the phloem tissues. In order to prove this, we have to incorporate radioactive element in the amino acid or sucrose which shows us that through which layer the amino acids and sucrose move in the plant body. For this purpose, carbon-14 can be used to trace the path of the translocation of amino acids and sucrose. Through this experiment we will find out that phloem layer is the path used by the plant to move amino acids and sucrose from one part to another.

PLS HELP ASAP!!!!!
Think about a model that you can construct that could be used to show the difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In 6 complete sentences(3 for each type of cell), explain the process you would use to construct the model and how you would use the model to explain the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to your classmates.

Answers

Answer:

Prokaryotic cell-- no organelles, no membrane.

Eukaryotic cell -- Have organelles and membrane.

Explanation:

For the model of prokaryotic cell, we construct the model by removing organelles from the cell whereas in the eukaryotic cell, we add the organelles because in eukaryotic organisms, organelles are present in the cell that performs specific function. In the model of prokaryotic cell, we have to remove membrane around the nucleus whereas membrane president around the nucleus. In the prokaryotic cell, nucleus is not visible while on the other hand, in eukaryotic cell, the nucleus is visible and can be differentiate from other organelles.

PLEASE HELP ASAP
What negative consequence can occur when non-native species are introduced into an ecosystem?

Native species will prey on the invasive species.
The introduced species prey on native species.
The introduced species mate with native species, adding genetic variety.
The introduced species strengthen the ecosystem by adding diversity.

Answers

Answer:

The introduced species prey on native species.

Explanation:

This could cause the native species to go extinct, damaging the natural ecosystem.

why won't ocean plants thrive in fresh water

Answers

Answer:

The salt doesn't flow into the cells much and the water doesn't leave much. Algae and plants can get away with having water attracted into their cells because they have a rigid cell wall outside the delicate cell membrane.

Answer:

the amount of salt in ocean water vs fresh water

Explanation:

Not every evosystem has large areas of similar vegetation, as the habitats in you study do. I'm areas where patches of more visually varied habitats exist, individual snails regularly move into or out of different visual surroubdings

Answers

Answer:

High diversity of organisms are present.

Explanation:

Due to the existence of varied habitats in the ecosystem, there is high diversity of organisms in that ecosystem because there are different types of habitats are present in that ecosystem. Due to presence of more habitats for organisms and suitable conditions, different types of organisms lives in that one ecosystem which increases the diversity of that ecosystem. If the ecosystem has only one type of habitat, then the ecosystem will be less diversified as compared to ecosystem having varied habitats.

PLEASE HELP ME!!!!
IT IS FOR BIOLOGY!!!

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

If the fish population is decreasing, then there will be a loss in biodiversity, then causing a problem in the ecosystem.

The answer to your question would be B. Hope this helped!

what do we call the actual gas or substance that causes air pollution?​

Answers

Answer:

The actual gas that causes air pollution is called a pollutant

Explanation:

Air pollution is the decrease in air quality. Air pollutants are the gases that cause air pollution.

What are pollutants?

Pollutants are harmful substances and particles that affect the quality of the environment and are man-made or natural. Fly ash from volcanic eruptions is a natural pollutant that deters the air quality.

The air pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil, coal, and vehicles alter the air quality and result in a change in weather conditions.

Therefore, the pollutants are the actual gases that cause air pollution.

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the gravity of the Sun and Moon pull Earth's surface in opposite direction:

Answers

Answer:

The moon's gravity pulls more on the planet than the water on the opposite side.These two waters bulges on opposite sides of the Earth aligned with moon are the high tides.Spring tide occure when the Earth,the Sun and the moon are aligned,increasing the gravitational pull on the oceans.

Explanation:

i hope its helps

How is Cytochrome C, which is an important enzyme in cellular respiration, used to provide evidence for evolution. bones (homologous structures) are used for similar uses if the organisms are more closely related bones (homologous structures) are used for similar uses if the organisms are more closely related sections of DNA are more similar in organism more closely related. sections of DNA are more similar in organism more closely related. organisms that are more closely related are found with similar embryonic structures. organisms that are more closely related are found with similar embryonic structures. fossils in various layers are more closely related if they are in the same layer

Answers

Answer:

Sections of DNA are more similar in organism more closely related

Cytochrome c is used to provide evidence for evolution because most animals have this protein and is has undergone very little changes in these organisms such that more closely related species have the most similarity in amino acid sequence of cytochrome c

Explanation:

Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria and is an important enzyme in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is a highly conserved (have undergone very little changes) protein that in found in many different species of organismsmsuch as plants, animals, and many unicellular organisms. Cytochrome c is made up of about 104 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Being a small-sized molecule (molecular weight about 12,000 daltons) also makes it easier for evolutionary studies to be conducted on it.

Organisms that are most closely related have the most similarity in the amino acid sequence of the cytochrome c molecule. The amino acid sequences in cytochrome c molecule present in organisms is as a result of the information in their DNA.Thus, sections of DNA are more similar in more closely related organisms.

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