Answer:
D
Explanation:
Retained earnings is what is left of net income after a company has paid out dividends to its shareholders.
Irene’s Dairy is deciding whether or not to enter the market for ice cream, currently monopolized by Mattie’s Ice-cream. If it enters the market, Mattie’s can either accommodate him and share his 10million in profits equally with Irene or fight him and cause a 5million loss for each in a price war. Given that Mattie could convincingly threatens to always fight, what would be Irene’s best response Group of answer choices
Group of answer choices:
Given that Mattie could convincingly threaten to always fight, what would be Irene’s best response
a. Not Enter
b. Run
c. Hide
d. Enter
Answer:
Given that Mattie could convincingly threaten to always fight, Irene's best response would be:
d. Enter
Explanation:
Irene Dairy should enter the market despite Mattie's threat to always fight. If Irene Dairy does not enter the market out of fear of Mattie's threat to fight, other firms are likely to enter and share the market with Mattie. Mattie should never be given the privileges of a monopolist. Irene Dairy should ensure that its ice creams are of higher quality and sustain the fight with Mattie, which cannot forever shed its profits in the name of fighting a competitor.
When a deliverable arrived, Craig met with the team member responsible
for ordering the deliverable to confirm it was the correct model and size.
Which of the following project elements was Craig monitoring in this scenario?
a. Budget
b. Schedule
c. Scope
d. Risk
Answer:
Project Element Craig Monitored in this scenario:
d. Risk
Explanation:
The element of the project that Craig monitored ensures that the deliverable conforms with the correct model and size because there is the risk that this could not conform if a deliverable was not not checked with the team member who ordered the deliverable. Since higher risks of deliverables not conforming to model and size would render the whole project unsuccessful, Craig has to meet with the team member responsible. In order words, the meeting between Craig and the team member for confirmation of correct model and size eliminates the risks of non-conformance.
In the example above when deliverable came and Craig met with the team member for ordering confirming whether the model and size was correct, Craig was monitoring Risk. So the correct option is D.
Risk refers to the possibility chances that the desired or the expected result will be obtained from the activities that are undertaken. Risk is directly related to the reward of such activity.
In the example above where Craig confirms whether the model and size of goods arrived were correct with the help of the team member who ordered such deliverable, risk was being monitored.In this case the risk can be denoted by value of 1 as the chances of getting the correct model and size are equal with chances of getting the incorrect model and size. Risk can be denoted by beta .[tex]\rm Risk = \beta[/tex]
Monitoring of risk is an important aspect so as to ensure whether the activities undertaken for the benefit of the business are standing true to their efforts or not.
Hence, the correct option is D that Craig was monitoring risk by checking the deliverable was correct in terms of model and size with the help of a team member.
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Which is the best example of price discrimination? Group of answer choices Higher price for a Ford truck than for a Ford car. Different price for a car wash on Tuesday versus Wednesday Average price of a 2000 square foot home in California being higher than in South Dakota.
Answer:
Different price for a car wash on Tuesday versus Wednesday
Explanation:
Price discrimination is when identical goods are sold at different prices from the same provider. A Ford truck and a Ford car are not identical items. The average price of a home in two very different states (one highly desirable due to temperature/climate, and one less desirable for the same reason) do not constitute price discrimination. But the days of the week someone is able to wash a car, at the same car wash is an identical service at a different price.
The best example of price discrimination is different price for a car wash on Tuesday versus Wednesday. The correct option is (B).
What do you mean by the price discrimination?A selling tactic known as price discrimination involves charging clients various rates for the same good or service depending on what the vendor believes they can persuade the customer to accept.
When a merchant uses pure price discrimination, they charge each consumer the highest price they will agree to. When a seller discriminates on pricing, each consumer pays a different price for the same good or service.
Price discrimination is most beneficial when the profit gained from separating the markets exceeds the profit gained from maintaining the united markets.
Therefore, the best example of price discrimination is different price for a car wash on Tuesday versus Wednesday.
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If a project has a cost of $10,000, expected net cash flows of $1500 a year for 12 years and you use a discount rate of 6%,
1. What is the following:
a. Payback period (no application of discount rate)
b. Payback period (using discount rate)
c. NPV
d. IRR
2. Should the project be accepted?
3. If another project has a cost of $10,000 and has expected life of 8 years and it will generate $3000 a year should you accept the project if your boss says the cost of capital is 5%?
Answer:
1a, 6.67 years
b. 8.9 years
c. NPV = $2,575.77
d. IRR = 10.45%
2. it should be accepted
3. it should be accepted.
Explanation:
Payback calculates the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from it cumulative cash flows
Payback period = $10,000 / $1500 = 6.67 years
Discounted payback calculates the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from it cumulative discounted cash flows
discounted cash flow in year 1 = $1500 / 1.06 = $1415.09
discounted cash flow in year 2 = $1500 / 1.06^2 = $1,334.99
discounted cash flow in year 3 = $1500 / 1.06^3 = $1,259.43
discounted cash flow in year 4 = $1500 / 1.06^4 = $1,188.14
discounted cash flow in year 5 = $1500 / 1.06 ^5 = $1,120.89
discounted cash flow in year 6 = $1500 / 1.06^6 = $1,057.44
discounted cash flow in year 7 = $1500 / 1.06^7 = $997.59
discounted cash flow in year 8 = $941.12
please check the attached image on how the discounted payback period was calculated
Net present value is the present value of after tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
NPV and IRR can be calculated using a financial calculator
Cash flow in year 0 = $-10,000
Cash flow each year from year 1 to 12 = $1,500
I = 6%
NPV = $2,575.77
IRR = 10.45%
The project should be accepted because the NPV is positive, this indicates that the project is profitable. Also, the IRR is greater than the discount rate, so the project should be accepted.
to determine if the project should be accepted, the NPV of the project should be determined.
Cash flow in year 0 = $-10,000
Cash flow each year from year 1 to 8 = $3,000
I = 5%
NPV = $13,165.20
the project should be accepted because the NPV is positive
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button.
Steady Company's stock has a beta of . If the risk-free rate is and the market risk premium is , what is an estimate of Steady Company's cost of equity?
The question is incomplete as it misses the figures. The following is the complete question.
Steady Company's stock has a beta of 0.21. If the risk-free rate is 6.2% and the market risk premium is 6.9%, what is an estimate of Steady Company's cost of equity?
Answer:
The cost of equity is 0.07649 or 7.649%
Explanation:
The required rate of return or cost of equity capital is the rate required by the investors to invest in a stock based on the systematic risk of the stock as measure by the beta. The required rate of return or cost of equity can be calculated using the CAPM equation. The CAPM equation is,
r = rRF + Beta * rpM
Where,
rRf is the risk free raterpM is the risk premium on marketr = 0.062 + 0.21 * 0.069
r = 0.07649 or 7.649%
Ultimate Sportswear has $150,000 of 8% non-cumulative, non-participating, preferred stock outstanding. Ultimate Sportswear also has $550,000 of common stock outstanding. In the company's first year of operation, no dividends were paid. During the second year, the company paid cash dividends of $35,000. This dividend should be distributed as follows:
a. $8,750 preferred: $26,250 common.
b. $0 preferred: $35,000 common.
c. $12.000 preferred: $23.000 common.
d. $19.000 preferred: $16.000 common
e. $17,500 preferred; $17,500 соmmоn.
Answer:
c. $12,000 preferred: $23,000 common
Explanation:
Calculation of how the Dividend should be distributed
First step is to calculate for preferred stock outstanding
Preferred stock outstanding=$150,000 * 8% non-cumulative
Preferred stock outstanding=$12,000
Second step is to calculate for common stock outstanding
Using this formula
Common stock outstanding = Cash Dividend-Preferred stock outstanding
Let plug in the formula
Common stock outstanding=$35,000-$12,000
Common stock outstanding=$23,000
Therefore Preferred stock outstanding will be $12,000 while Common stock outstanding will be $23,000
An asset for drilling was purchased and placed in service by a petroleum production company. Its cost basis is $60,000,and it has an estimated MV of $12,000 at the end of an estimated useful life of 14 years. Compute the depreciationamount in the thirdyear and the BV at the end of the fifth year of life by each of these methods:
Answer:
straight line depreciation:
depreciation expense per year, the same for every year = ($60,000 - $12,000) / 14 = $3,428.57
book value end of year 1 = $56,571.43
book value end of year 2 = $53,142.86
book value end of year 3 = $49,714.29
book value end of year 4 = $46,285.72
book value end of year 5 = $42,857.15
double declining balance:
deprecation expense year 1 = 2 x 1/14 x $60,000 = $8,571.43
book value end of year 1 = $51,428.57
deprecation expense year 2 = 2 x 1/14 x $51,428.57 = $7,346.94
book value end of year 2 = $44,081.63
deprecation expense year 3 = 2 x 1/14 x $44,081.63 = $6,297.38
book value end of year 3 = $37,784.25
deprecation expense year 4 = 2 x 1/14 x $37,784.25 = $5,397.75
book value end of year 4 = $32,386.50
deprecation expense year 5 = 2 x 1/14 x $32,386.50 = $4,626.64
book value end of year 5 = $27,759.86
sum of digits:
depreciable value = $60,000 - $12,000 = $48,000
total sum of digits = 120 years
deprecation expense year 1 = $48,000 x 15/120 = $6,000
book value end of year 1 = $54,000
deprecation expense year 2 = $48,000 x 14/120 = $5,600
book value end of year 2 = $48,400
deprecation expense year 3 = $48,000 x 13/120 = $5,200
book value end of year 3 = $43,200
deprecation expense year 4 = $48,000 x 12/120 = $4,800
book value end of year 4 = $38,400
deprecation expense year 5 = $48,000 x 11/120 = $4,400
book value end of year 5 = $34,000
Barron, Inc. sold goods for on account. The company operates in a state that imposes a % sales tax. What is the amount of the sales tax payable to the state
Answer: A. $96,855
Explanation:
Sales taxes are a form of revenue for Government and are paid on certain goods and services.
The formula is;
Sales tax payable = Goods sold * Sales Tax rate
= 880,500 * 0.11
= $96,855
The'Great Deregulation Experiment is something that has characterized USA markets for many decades now. It is a response to a period of significant price regulation. But, there was a recognition that markets were stalling and markets need to be deregulated.
Review the selections below and choose the one which does not characterize an effect of the Great Deregulation Experiment.
a) Deregulation had very little impact on entries and exits in the industry market.
b) It involved the airline, railroad, trucking, bus travel, natural gas, and banking industries.
c) The government removed government controls over prices and quantities produced in a variety of industries.
d) Deregulation is the removal of government controls over prices and quantities produced
Answer:
Correct Answer:
a) Deregulation had very little impact on entries and exits in the industry market.
Explanation:
In the 1970's, it became clear to policymakers of all political leanings that the existing price regulation on goods and services in United States of America was not working well. And to solve this problem, The United States carried out a great policy experiment—the deregulation, which is the removal of government controls over prices and quantities produced in airlines, railroads, trucking, intercity bus travel, natural gas, and bank interest rates. One of the effect was its great impact on the entry and exits in industry markets.
The most widely used presentation software program is Microsoft PowerPoint. You can produce a professional and memorable presentation using this program if you plan ahead and follow important design guidelines.
1. What text and background should you use in a darkened room?
A. Dark text on a light background
B. Dark text on a dark background
C. Light text on a dark background
2. How can you customize existing templates?
A. Eliminate boldface and italics
B. Adjust the color scheme
C. Add "visual cliches"
D. Add a company logo
E. Select different fonts
Answer:
1. C. Light text on a dark background
2. B. Adjust the color scheme
D. Add a company logo
E. Select different fonts
Explanation:
In order to produce a professional and memorable presentation using Microsoft Powerpoint program, the design guidelines should be applied in certain situations.
The text and background one should use in a darkened room is "Light text on a dark background"
Also, the correct way one can customize existing templates is to do the following:
1. Adjust the color scheme
2. Add a company logo
3. Select different fonts
if the fixed cost for the Job Shop were changed to $305,000, what would the new break-even point in numbers of units
Answer:
The question you have provided is missing important information needed for the calculation of break even point.
However step by step approach for the calculation of the break even point is given below :
Understand what break even point is :
Break even point is the level of operation where a Company neither makes a profit nor a loss.
Break even point in units calculation :
Break even point in units calculation = Fixed Costs for the Period ÷ Contribution per unit
Where, Contribution per unit = Selling Price per Unit less Variable Cost (Manufacturing and Non Manufacturing) per unit
Conclusion :
At Break Even Point level,Total Contribution will equal Total Fixed Cost (thus no profit nor loss)
The only data the question provided is :
Fixec Cost - $305,000
A German firm that manufactures precision scientific instruments has built a new factory in Nebraska on property that it has leased. It has hired German scientists and engineers as well as German technicians to work at the plant. The firm received tax benefits and other economic incentives from Nebraska in order to build this new plant. This is an example of a/an franchising venture. turnkey project. greenfield venture. international acquisition.
Answer:
greenfield venture.
Explanation:
The greenfield venture is the venture is a type of foreign direct investment i.e. FDI in which the investment is made either by an individual, firm or company in the other country. In this the business is developed from the initial stage also it has the highest controlling power. Also to set up the business in other countries, various benefits are provided that are in terms of discount, commission, subsidies, tax benefits
Therefore the given situation represents the green field venture example
Brorsen, Inc., has just designed a new product with a target cost of $64. Brorsen requires new product to have a profit of 20%. What is the target price for the new product
Answer:
$80
Explanation:
Brosen incorporation has just designed a new product.
The target cost of the new product is $64
Let y represent the target price
Broken requires the new product to have a profit of 20%
= 20/100 × y
= 0.2×y
= 0.2y
Therefore, the target price can be calculated as follows
Target cost+ Target profit= Target price
64 + 0.2y= y
64= y-0.2y
64= 0.8y
y= 64/0.8
y= 80
Hence the target price for the new product is $80
Your portfolio has a beta of 1.60. The portfolio consists of 16 percent U.S. Treasury bills, 36 percent Stock A, and 48 percent Stock B. Stock A has a risk level equivalent to that of the overall market. What is the beta of Stock B?
Answer: 2.58
Explanation:
Portfolio beta of 1.60 is weighted average of all the constituent betas.
US Treasury bills are riskless so beta is 0
Stock A has market risk so beta is 1.
1.60 = (0.16 * 0) + ( 0.36 * 1) + ( 0.48 * b)
1.60 = 0.36 + 0.48b
0.48b = 1.24
b = 2.58
4. Suppose you hold a PUT option on Israeli shekels with a strike price of 3.4207s/$. If the spot rate on the final day of the option is 3.4329s/$, how much profit would you make trading $1,000,000? Should you do it?
Answer:
Profit $3,567
I would exercise my option by buying the shares before the expiration .
Explanation:
Calculation of how much profit would you make trading $1,000,000
First step is to multiply the spot rate on the final day by the trading amount
3.4329s*$1,000,000
=$3,432,900
Second step is to divide the spot rate option by the strike price
3,432,900/3.4207
=$1,003,567
Last Step is to find the profit
Profit =$1,003,567-$1,000,000
Profit=$3,567
Therefore the amount of PROFIT you would make trading $1,000,000 will be $3,567
Based on the above calculation I would exercise my option by buying the shares before the expiration .
DPMO stands for:______
a) Defects Per Million Opportunity
b) Defectives Per Million Opportunity
c) Data Per Million Opportunity
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Answer:
a) Defects Per Million Opportunity
Explanation:
DPMO is an acronym which stands for Defects Per Million Opportunity. Defects per Million Opportunities refers to a standard metric which represents the number of defects in a process per one million opportunities.
In order to calculate the DPMO, we divide the number of defects by the number of opportunities and then multiply by a million.
Additionally, when a quality characteristics or properties do not tally with a standard or specifications it is generally referred to as a defect.
Hence, in a six sigma approach to quality or level of performance, the defects per million opportunities (DPMO) is 3.4.
Labor productivity growth can be attributed to: a. improvement in technology. b. a decline in university attendance. c. an increase in population growth. d. a decline in the physical capital per worker.
Answer:
The answer is A. improvement in technology
Explanation:
Labor productivity growth is not relevant to a decline in university attendance.
Applying the Malthusianism theory, an increase in population growth can't lead to labor productivity growth because while that population growth is potentially exponential, the growth of resources is linear.
Finally, the physical capital per worker is the quantity of equipment and input resources that are used to produce output goods and services. It has no direct influence to the labor productivity growth.
When work activities are too complex to standardize through extensive training for employees, companies need to coordinate work effort through precise job descriptions. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: False
Explanation:
The idea that when work activities are too complex to standardize through extensive training for employees, companies need to coordinate work effort through precise job descriptions is wrong.
Rather, When work activities are too complex to standardize through the goals or the processes, what such companies due to coordinate woke activities is by training their employees or hiring people that have previous knowledge on the work.
Problem 14-15 Finding the WACC [LO3] You are given the following information for Watson Power Co. Assume the company’s tax rate is 21 percent. Debt: 16,000 6.5 percent coupon bonds outstanding, $1,000 par value, 27 years to maturity, selling for 105 percent of par; the bonds make semiannual payments. Common stock: 490,000 shares outstanding, selling for $67 per share; the beta is 1.18. Preferred stock: 21,500 shares of 4.3 percent preferred stock outstanding, currently selling for $88 per share. The par value is $100 per share. Market: 6 percent market risk premium and 5.4 percent risk-free rate. What is the company's WACC? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
The company's WACC is 9.71%.
Explanation:
Note: See the attached excel file for the computation of company's Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC).
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can be described as the rate that is expected to be paid on average by a company to all holders of its securities to finance the assets of the company.
The following formula are used in the excel file to compute the WACC of the company.
Cost of debt = Type this function that is used in the excel sheet “=Rate(Number of years * 2,((Coupon rate/2)*Par value),-Selling price),Par value)*2*(1 - Tax rate)”. That is, type “=RATE(27*2,((6.5%/2)*1000),-1080,1000)*2*(1-21%)” in the excel file and press enter. This gives 4.83420280657156%
Note: Make sure you note all the commas and signs in the cost of debt function.
Cost of Common stock/equity using CAMP = Risk-free rate + (Beta * Market risk premium) = 5.4% + (1.18 * 6%) = 12.48%
Cost of preferred stock = (Par value * Dividend rate) / Current price = ($100 * 4.3%) / 88 = 0.0488636363636364’ or 4.88636363636364%
Tom Company reports the following data.
Sales $385,187
Variable costs 200,887
Fixed costs 87,300
Required:
Determine Tom Company's operating leverage. Round your answer to one decimal place.
Answer: 1.9
Explanation:
The Operating Leverage is calculated by;
Operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income
Contribution Margin
= Sales - Variable Costs
= 385,187 - 200,887
= $184,300
Operating Income
= Contribution Margin - Fixed Costs
= 184,300 - 87,300
= $97,000
Operating Leverage = 184,300/ 97,000
= 1.9
A ________ pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings.
A) piece-rate
B) merit-based
C) employee stock ownership
D) profit-sharing
E) gainsharing
Answer:
B) merit-based
Explanation:
The merit based in the plan that depends upon the performance of the employees in an annual year. It could be analyzed by the supervisor or the team leader who motivates him, guides him to accomplish the company objective.
Therefore according to the given situation, option B is correct
And all other options are wrong
Jonas doesn't want to keep his savings in an account because he doesn't want to pay bank fees. Which of the following is an argument against Jonas's thinking? Cash allows people to live in the moment. It is better to have cash for emergencies. Money is safer in the bank. The cost of living is increasing yearly.
The correct answer is C. Money is safer in the bank.
Explanation:
The main point or position of Jonas is that savings should be kept in an account due to the costs associated with this. In this context, the only argument that refutes Jonas' position and it is directly related to the main point of Jonas is "Money is safer in the bank" because even if keeping savings in a bank requires to pay fees this guarantees the money will be safe, which does not occur if Jonas keeps his savings at home. Moreover, the safety factor makes the option of the bank better, which refutes Jonas position.
Answer:
Money is safer in the bank.
Explanation:
Which of the following terms pertains to registration with the Administrator of a mutual fund, closed-end investment company, or unit investment trust that is registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and also registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940?
a. Qualification
b. Prevarication
c. Coordination
d. Notice filing
Answer: Notice filing
Explanation:
The term that pertains to registration with the Administrator of a mutual fund, closed-end investment company, or unit investment trust that is registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and also registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 is the notice filing.
It should be noted that federal covered securities are exempted from State registration and thereby a notice filing may be required.
the lower the discount rate to the federal funds rate the more likely a commercial bank will brrow from
Answer: the fed rather than borrowing from another commercial bank.
Explanation:
Based on the question, if there is a scenario whereby the discount rate to the federal funds rate is lower, the logical thing to do is to borrow from the fed rather than borrowing from another commercial bank.
This is because borrowing from fed rather than borrowing from another commercial bank mean that there's less risk attached.
Next week, Mortimer is preparing to go to work for the Illinois department of Child Services. He was surprised when his friends told him that he was going to have to pay one percent of his salary to the union that represents the unionized workers that would include Mortimer, whether he joined the union or not - a so-called agency fee to prevent 'free riders'. This was for services provided to Mortimer, including collective bargaining and grievance representation. Mortimer was shocked - no one had told him about this! What advice would you provide to Mortimer?
Answer:
The implication is that the Illinois Department of Child Services is a unionized workplace.
Mortimer will derive better benefits that surpass the costs of membership. He is covered in all collective bargains, even when he resigns his union membership. Unions negotiate for better working conditions, higher pays, and improved benefits.
When Mortimer has any grievance against the department, the union will also represent him, thereby making his life easier since unions can negotiate better with employers than individual workers.
Mortimer is even lucky to find a job at a unionized workplace because the jobs are not usually advertised as union members easily bring in their relatives and friends to occupy such vacancies.
Explanation:
Most of the disadvantages that Mortimer should complain about unions are disadvantages to the employer and not to him as an individual worker. For the employer, the union acts as a form of monopoly that can decide whether the workers would work or not. The unionized workers are not easy to replace with other workers.
Walter Utilities is a dividend-paying company and is expected to pay an annual dividend of $1.45 at the end of the year. Its dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 6.50% per year. If Walter's stock currently trades for $15.00 per share, what is the expected rate of return?
Answer:
Expected return in( %) =16.80 %
Explanation:
The Dividend Valuation Model (DVM) is a technique used to value the worth of an asset.
According to this model, the value of an asset is the sum of the present values of the future cash flows would that arise from the asset discounted at the required rate of return.
If dividend is expected to grow at a given rate , the expected return on share can be determined as follows:
Ke=Do (1+g)/P + g
Do - dividend in the following year, Ke- requited rate of return , g- growth rate, P-price
DATA:
Do- 1.45
g- 6.5%
P- price
Ke = (1.45× (1.065)/15) + 0.065= 0.16795
Return in % = 0.16795 × 100 = 16.80 %
Return in( %) =16.80 %
Ernest is applying for a carpentry apprenticeship program. He must take a test involving mathematical calculations including working with fractions and geometry. This is illegal because carpentry is a manual labor job and these tests are cognitive and not job-related.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
B. False
Explanation:
Since in the question, it is mentioned that Erney applied for a carpentry apprenticeship program. Also he took the test. This is not a illegal as if he wants to work in two specialized field than he could co but the work should be legal in nature and both the work are legal itself
Hence, the given statement is false
"Rihanna Company is considering purchasing new equipment for $379,200. It is expected that the equipment will produce net annual cash flows of $48,000 over its 10-year useful life. Annual depreciation will be $37,920. Compute the cash payback period. (Round answer to 1 decimal place, e.g. 10.5.)"
Answer:
Cash payback period is 7.9 years
Explanation:
Payback period = Initial investment / Cash inflow per period
=$379,200 / $48,000
=7.9 years
Thus, the cash payback period is 7.9 years.
Note: It is assumed that the net annual cash flows are after considering the annual depreciation.
Which of these does NOT describe a friction that might prevent firms from choosing the optimal level of capital? A. Making too big of a change can be more expensive than making a few smaller changes. B. A firm might not be able to borrow enough to pay for the investments it wants to make. C. The firm likes its workers and doesn’t want to replace some jobs with machinery. D. Some capital is very specialized and cannot be re-sold in cases of economic downturns.
Answer:
C. The firm likes its workers and doesn’t want to replace some jobs with machinery.
Explanation:
Optimal level of capital simply refers to an ideal strategy used by a firm to raise capital. For example, a firm may decide between debt financing or equity financing, depending on the company's desired level of capital.
So, an already operational firm with that likes its workers and doesn’t want to replace some jobs with machinery has no direct relationship with its level of capital.
Harvey’s Hardware is thinking about starting a line of lawnmowers to serve its customer base in the summer. The lawnmowers would be priced at $100 and Harvey the manager believes that they would sell 3 units. They have the following estimated costs.
Units Produced Labor Cost Total cost
0 0 100
1 50 150
2 100 200
3 200 300
4 350 450
What is the marginal cost of producing the third unit?
a. $400
b. $300
c. $200
d. $100
Answer:
Harvey's Hardware
Marginal cost of producing the third lawnmowers:
d. $100
Explanation:
Harvey's marginal cost for producing the third unit of lawnmowers is the additional cost that resulted when the total cost increased from $200 to $300. However, it can be deciphered from the case that the marginal cost for Harvey, which it is supposed to be a variable cost, is traceable to the direct labor costs. This implies that the fixed cost element for Harvey in the production of the lawnmowers has been relatively fixed at $100. It does not vary with the volume of production, while the direct labor costs vary with the volume of lawnmowers produced by Harvey.
