If a project has a cost of $10,000, expected net cash flows of $1500 a year for 12 years and you use a discount rate of 6%,
1. What is the following:
a. Payback period (no application of discount rate)
b. Payback period (using discount rate)
c. NPV
d. IRR
2. Should the project be accepted?
3. If another project has a cost of $10,000 and has expected life of 8 years and it will generate $3000 a year should you accept the project if your boss says the cost of capital is 5%?

Answer:

A. 5%

B. $20

C.-$20

D. $100 increase

E.$2

Explanation:

a. Calculation for the equilibrium interest rate in Moola

When we look at the table we would actually see that Money supply amount of $500 equal the Money demand amount of $500 which means that the equilibrium interest rate will be 5 percent.

b. The level of investment at the equilibrium interest rate.

Since we have 5% as the equilibrium interest rate which means that the investment at the equilibrium interest rate will be $20.

c. If we look at table we are going to see that the potential GDP of the amount of $330 and the actual GDP of the amount of $350 are beside the interest rate of 5 percent and we could as well see that actual GDP is lower than potential GDP which means that there is negative recessionary GDP gap.

Hence,

Recessionary GDP gap= Actual GDP - Potential GDP

Recessional GDP gap=Actual GDP $330- Potential GDP=-$20

Therefore-$20 will be the recessionary GDP gap.

d. In order for us to eliminate the recessionary gap, so that actual GDP amount can equal potential GDP , this means we have to increase the money supply to the amount of $600 which will inturn lead to an increase of $100

e. Calculation for the expenditure multiplier,

Expenditure multiplier=(Potential GDP $350-Actual GDP $330)/($20-$10)

Expenditure multiplier=$20/10

Expenditure multiplier=$2

Therefore the Expenditure multiplier will be $2

The question is incomplete as the table is not given.

In economics, demand and supply are the most important factors for any business to analyze the market. There is an inverse relationship between demand and supply. If the demand is high and supply is low then there will be higher prices of the goods.

The Moola central bank needs to change the supply of money by increasing $100 to close the output gap.

Reason:

In order to make the actual GDP amount to be equal to the potential GDP, that means by increasing the money supply of $600 will give the effect of $100 for covering the gap.

To know more about demand and supply, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14741584

Answer:

YTM (Annual( = 10.13%

Effective Annual Yield =10.40%  

Explanation:

In order to calculate Yield to maturity, we need to use yield to maturity formula.

Formula: Yield to maturity = [C +(F – P)/n]/(F + P)/2

Where,

C = Coupon amount

F = Face value

n = number of periods

P = Current price

Data

C =  1000 x 8 % = 80

C (6months) = 80 x 6/12 = 40

F = $1000

n = 30 years

P = $800

Solution

YTM = 40 + (1000 – 800/30)/(1000 + 800)/2

YTM = 40 + (200/30)/(1800/2 )

YTM = 40 +( 200/30)/900

YTM = 5.068 semiannual

YTM (Annual( = 10.13%

Effective Annual Yield = [tex](\frac{1+0.1014}{2})^{2-1}[/tex]

Effective Annual Yield =10.40%  

Answer:

The financial position of the company at the end of the accounting period.

Explanation:

The cash flow statement is the statement that includes all the cash payment and cash receipts transactions held in the business. There are mainly three types of activities i.e operating activities, investing activities, and the financing activities

Also, it involves Significant noncash financing and investing activities.

but it does not reported the financial position of the business at the end of the accounting period

Hence, the first option is correct

Answer: Consumer Spending

Explanation:

As more Americans find jobs, they will be able to earn an income. As they do so they will be able to spend more on goods and services in the economy thereby increasing Consumption spending which is the largest determinant of Aggregate Demand.

As a result of this increase in Consumption, Aggregate demand will change by increasing as well.

Answer: $8,400

Explanation:

The $9,600 is for 2 years in advance. This can be apportioned per month at a rate of;

= 9,600/24

= $400 per month.

October to the end of the year is 3 months so;

= 400 * 3

= $1,200 will be recorded for the year.

Prepaid Insurance will therefore reduce to;

= 9,600 - 1,200

= $8,400

Answer:

$10,000 credited

Explanation:

DATA

Machine cost = 510,000

Salvage value = $60,000

Useful life = 6 years

Depreciation = $60,000/6years

Depreciation = $10,000

It means that we have overstated depreciation expense for the year with the amount of $10,000.

Retained earnings will be credited by $10,000 As the depreciation expense was overstated mistakenly by $10,000

Answer and Explanation:

The statement of cash flow involves 3 kinds of activities mentioned below:

1. Operating activities: Many transactions are based that affect the working capital following net income. It would increase the growth in current assets and a decrease in current liabilities, whereas adding the decrease in current properties and an increase in current liabilities.

This should mitigate any work capital shifts. Furthermore, the cost of depreciation is attributed to the net income and the loss on the sale of assets is attributed while the benefit on the sale of assets is deducted

2. Investing: it monitors activities involving the acquisition and selling of long-term assets. The purchase is cash outflow while the selling is cash inflow

3. Financing activities: it monitors activities that impact on the shareholders' long-term debt and equity balance. Share issue is cash inflow whereas cash outflows are redemption and dividend.

Therefore based on the above explanation, the classification is as follows

1 Financing Activity

2. Operating activity

3 Investing activity

4  Financing Activity

5  Operating activity

6 Investing activity

7  Financing Activity

8  Financing Activity

9  Operating activity

10  Operating activity

Answer:

1. Households decide to save a larger share of their income. - Aggregate-Demand Curve

If households in the economy started saving more of their money then this would leave less money for consumption which is one of the components of Aggregate Demand. When Consumption decreases so also will Aggregate Demand thereby shifting the Aggregate-Demand Curve to the left.

2. Florida orange groves suffer a prolonged period of below-freezing temperatures. - Short-run Aggregate Supply Curve

With the Florida Orange Groves suffering from below freezing temperatures, the oranges will not grow as much leading to a poor harvest. This will reduce the supply of oranges in the economy and shift the short-run Aggregate supply curve left.

3. Increased job opportunities overseas cause many people to leave the country. Both Aggregate-Demand Curve and Short-run Aggregate Supply Curve.

With less people in the Economy, there will be less people spending on goods and services which will cause the Aggregate Demand curve to shift to the left.

Also with people leaving the country, the labor force will decrease which will mean that less people are available to produce goods and services so the short-run Aggregate supply curve will shift left.

Answer:

$282,706

Explanation:

Calculation to Determine the purchase price of the house

First step

In order for us to determine the purchase price of the house we would be using TVM Calculation to find the PMT

Hence,

PMT =

PV = 200,000

FV = 0

N = 240

I = 0.084/12

Thus,PMT = $1,723.01

The Second step will be to Calculate the Loan Amount Using TVM Calculation,

PV =

FV = 0

PMT = -1,723.01

N = 360

I = 0.084/12

Thus, PV = $226,164.98

Last step is to Determine the purchase price of the house

Using this formula

Purchase price=PV/(100%-20% down)

Let plug in the formula

Purchase price =226,164.98/(0.80)

Purchase price = $282,706

Therefore the purchase price of the house will be $282,706

Answer:

financial advantage for accepting special order = $59,520

Explanation:

relevant production costs for special order (2,400 units):

direct materials $44.60

direct labor $8.50

variable manufacturing overhead $1.50

variable selling & administrative expense $1

total costs per unit = $55.60

total revenue from special order = 2,400 x $80.40 = $192,960

relevant costs associated to special order = 2,400 x $55.60 = ($133,440)

financial advantage for accepting special order = $59,520

Answer:

Hello your question is incomplete below is the missing part and the needed diagram

suppose John is shopping and has $20 to spend on hand sanitizer. He can go with Germ-X (G) at $1 per fluid ounce (pG=1), or he can purchase purell (P) at $1.25 per fluid ounce (Pp=1.25). His utility function for the two different hand sanitizers is as follows:

U = G +1.1P

where G and P are measured in fluid ounces.

Solve the consumer’s problem for John’s optimal demand for Germ-X and Purell. (You should find actual numbers representing the quantity of Germ-X chosen and the quantity of purell chosen

ANSWER:  The solution =  (Germ-x,Purell ) = (20,0).

Explanation:

The consumers problem for John's optimal demand for Germ-x  and Purell as seen in the diagram can solved by John going maximizing his utility given the constraint of the budget,

that means that John will purchase/spend the constrained budget of ($20) on Germ-x  since the unit price of Germ X is at $1 while Purell's unit price is at $1.25 per fluid ounce

Answer:

HCA

a. HCA's Liabilities-to-assets ratios and times-interest-earned ratios in the years 2005 through 2009:

1. Liabilities-to-assets ratios = Total liabilities/Total Assets

                  Dec. 09     Dec. 08    Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

                 136.63%     141.60%    143.18%     147.51%     78.12%

2. Times-interest-earned ratios = EBIT/Interest Expense

                  Dec. 09     Dec. 08      Dec. 07       Dec. 06       Dec. 05

                 1.91 times  1.45 times   1.33 times    2.76 times   4.11 times

b. The percentage decline in EBIT that HCA could have suffered each year between 2005 and 2009 to make it unable to make interest payments out its operating earnings, where operating earnings is defined as EBIT:

                  Dec. 09     Dec. 08      Dec. 07       Dec. 06       Dec. 05

                 191%            145%           133%            276%         411%

c. The volatility of HCA's cash flows over the period 2005 to 2009:

The standard deviation of the cash flows (cash and cash equivalents) is 115, showing that there is so much volatility in the cash flows.

d. HCA's return on invested capital (ROIC) in the years 2005 - 2009:

= Net Income - Dividend / Total Liabilities + Equity x 100

ROIC =                        4.37%      2.77%      3.64%        4.38%     6.41%

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

HCA INC

ANNUAL INCOME STATEMENT

($ MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)

                                  Dec. 09    Dec. 08     Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

Sales                         $ 30,052  $ 28,374  $ 26,858   $ 25,477  $ 24,455

Cost of Goods Sold     24,826     24,023     22,480       21,448      20,391

Gross Profit                   5,226         4,351        4,378        4,029       4,064

Depreciation                  1,425          1,416        1,426          1,391         1,374

Operating Profit            3,801         2,935       2,952        2,638       2,690

Interest Expense           1,987         2,021        2,215           955          655

Non-Operating

 Income/Expense           188            256           661             179           412

Pretax Income             2,002           1,170        1,398         1,862       2,327

Total Income Taxes       627            268            316           625          725

Minority Interest            321             229           208           201           178

Net Income             $ 1,054           $ 673       $ 874      $ 1,036    $ 1,424

ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET

ASSETS                   Dec. 09    Dec. 08     Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

Cash & Equivalents  $ 312        $ 465       $ 393       $ 634       $ 336

Net Receivables      3,692         3,780       3,895        3,705       3,332

Inventories                 802            737            710           669          616

Other Current

 Assets                     1,771           1,319        1,207          1,070          931

Total Current

 Assets                   6,577         6,301       6,205         6,078       5,215

Gross Plant, Property

 & Equipment      24,669       23,714     22,579       21,907     20,818

Accumulated

 Depreciation       13,242       12,185        11,137       10,238       9,439

Net Plant, Property

 & Equipment       11,427        11,529      11,442        11,669      11,379

Investments

 at Equity                 853            842         688            679         627

Other Investments 1,166         1,422       1,669         1,886       2,134

Intangibles            2,577        2,580      2,629         2,601      2,626

Deferred Charges   418           458          539             614           85

Other Assets          1,113          1,148          853             148          159

TOTAL ASSETS  24,131      24,280     24,025       23,675    22,225

LIABILITIES

Long Term Debt Due

In One Year          846          404           308             293         586

Accounts

 Payable            1,460         1,370         1,370            1,415       1,484

Taxes Payable      -               224            190                -              -

Accrued

 Expenses      2,007           1,912          1,981           1,868       1,825

Total Current

 Liabilities       4,313           3,910        3,849          3,576      3,895

Long Term

 Debt          24,824        26,585      27,000         28,115      9,889

Deferred Taxes -                  -                -                  390         830

Minority

 Interest       1,008              995          938             907          828

Other

Liabilities    2,825           2,890        2,612          1,936        1,920

TOTAL LIA-

 BILITIES   32,970         34,380     34,399       34,924       17,362

Preferred

 Stock            147                155           164             125                -

Common

 Stock               1                     1                1                 1                4

Capital

 Surplus      226                 165            112                 -                -

Retained

 Earnings (9,213)          (10,421)     (10,651)       (11,375)       4,859

Common

 Equity     (8,986)        (10,255)     (10,538)      (11,374)       4,863

TOTAL

 EQUITY  (8,839)         (10,100)     (10,374)      (11,249)       4,863

TOTAL LIABILITIES &

EQUITY $24,131      $ 24,280  $ 24,025   $ 23,675  $ 22,225

ii) Liabilities-to-assets ratio:

                                  Dec. 09    Dec. 08     Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

Liabilities                    32,970      34,380     34,399       34,924       17,362

Assets                         24,131      24,280     24,025       23,675     22,225

                                 136.63%     141.60%    143.18%     147.51%     78.12%

iii) Times Interest Earned:

Operating Profit           3,801         2,935       2,952        2,638       2,690

Interest Expense          1,987         2,021        2,215           955          655

                                1.91 times   1.45 times 1.33 times  2.76 times 4.11 times

iv) Volatility:  This is the degree of change of the cash flows, showing its tendency to change from one period to the other.  As calculated, the volatility is very high, showing that the cash flows have higher risk of change.  See below:

                                  Dec. 09    Dec. 08     Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

Cash & Equivalents     $ 312      $ 465        $ 393         $ 634       $ 336

Mean = $428

Deviation from mean     -116            37            -35             206          -92

Squared deviation      13,456       1,369         1,225       42,436      8,464

Sum of squared deviation = 66,950

Mean = 13,390

Square root of mean or Standard Deviation = 115

v) Return on Invested Capital = Net Income/Total liabilities + Equity

                               Dec. 09    Dec. 08     Dec. 07     Dec. 06     Dec. 05

Net Income             $ 1,054        $ 673       $ 874      $ 1,036    $ 1,424

TOTAL LIABILITIES &

EQUITY                  $24,131  $ 24,280  $ 24,025   $ 23,675  $ 22,225

ROIC =                        4.37%      2.77%      3.64%        4.38%     6.41%

Answer: 1 dependent

Explanation:

Only Dale can be claimed as a dependent as he is a qualifying child who is under 24 and is a full time student.

Kim cannot be claimed as a dependent as Kim is above the age of 19. To be a qualifying child for dependency, Kim would have to be less than 19 or less than 24 were Kim a full time student.

Grant also does not qualify as a dependent under the Qualifying relative designation as Grant's gross income of $5,000 exceeds the limit of $4,200 that Grant would have to be making less than in 2019 to be claimed as a qualifying relative.

Answer: b) Project B

Explanation:

Payback period works by checking how long it will take a project to pay back the initial amount invested in it. Project A.

Project A

Payback Period = Year before Payback happens + Amount left till payback/Cash inflow in year of payback

= Time 1 + Time 2

= 4,000 + 3,000

= $7,000

This amount is not enough to cover the investment of $10,000 so the investment will be paid in Time 3 and remains $3,000.

= 2 + 3,000/10,000

= 2.3 Times

Project B

= Time 1 + Time 2

= 3,000 + 2,000

= $5,000

At the end of Time 2, Project B has paid off its initial investment of $5,000. Its Payback period is 2 Times. This is lower than Project A so this project will rank higher.

Answer: False

Explanation:

The cash flow from investing activities is a cash flow section that shows cash generated or the cash that is spent which relates to activities involving investment and this include buying physical assets, the investments in securities, or sale of assets or securities.

Therefore, the above analysis I the question is wrong.

Answer: $10,100

Explanation:

Based on the information that have been given in the question, the project's operating cash flow goes thus:

Sales. $33,300

Less: cost. $19,700

Less: depreciation. $1,900

Profit before tax $11,700

Less: tax. $3500

Net profit. $8200

Add: depreciation. $1900

Operating cash flow. $10,100

Answer:

The Present Value of the bond at the market rate = $90,438.36  

Explanation:

The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).  

Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV  

The value of bond can be worked out as follows:  

Step 1  

PV of interest payments  

Semi annul interest payment  

= 10% × 81000 × 1/2 = 4050

Semi-annual yield = 8%/2= 4 % per six months  

Total period to maturity (in months)  

= (2 × 8) = 16 periods (Note the bond term is 8 yeras)  

PV of interest = 4050 × (1-1.04^(-16))/0.04 = 47,191.79

Step 2  

PV of Redemption Value  

Assuming a redemption value equals to the nominal value =

PV of RV = 81,000 × 1.04^-16 =  43,246.56  

Step 3 :Total Present Value

Total prent value =  43,246.56  + 47,191.79721  =  90,438.36

The Present Value of the bond at the market rate = $90,438.36  

Answer:

plan 1:

units sold 37,000

sales price per unit $16.40

materials per unit $2.10

direct labor per unit $1.60

variable overhead costs per unit $0.42

variable selling and administrative costs per unit $0.22

fixed manufacturing $122,000

fixed selling and administrative $182,000

plan 2:

units sold 35,150

sales price per unit $19.68

materials per unit $2.10

direct labor per unit $1.60

variable overhead costs per unit $0.42

variable selling and administrative costs per unit $0.22

fixed manufacturing $122,000

fixed selling and administrative $182,000

1) break even points:

Plan 1 = ($304,000) / ($16.40 - $4.34) = 25,207.30 = 25,208 units

Plan 2 = ($304,000) / ($19.68 - $4.34) = 19,817.47 = 19,818 units

2) contribution income statement

                                                   Plan 1                  Plan 2

Sales revenue                        $606,800           $691,752

Variable costs:

Production costs                     $152,440            $144,818

Selling and adm. costs                $8,140               $7,733

Contribution margin               $446,220          $539,201

Fixed costs:

Manufacturing costs               $122,000          $122,000

Selling and adm. costs           $182,000          $182,000

Income before taxes               $142,220          $235,201

Income taxes                            $56,888            $94,080

Net income                               $85,332              $141,121

Answer:

Delta is responsible for insuring $200,000 / $1,600,000 = 1/8 of the building

Eversafe is responsible for 1 - 1/8 = 7/8

the loss = $1,600,000 x 40% = $640,000

Delta will pay 1/8 x $640,000 = $80,000

Eversafe will pay $640,000 - $80,000 = $560,000

in order for Eversafe to pay:

Answer:

1. Refer to Instruction, how many euros will the U.S. investor acquire with his initial $500,000 investment?

$500,000 / $1.30 = €384,615.38

2. Refer to Instruction, at an average price of €60/share, how many shares of stock will the investor be able to purchase?

€384,615 / €60 = 6,410.25

3. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return before converting the stock back into dollars?

(€57 - €60) / €60 = -5%

4. Refer to Instruction, at the end of the year the investor sells his stock that now has an average price per share of €57. What is the investor's average rate of return after converting the stock back into dollars?

[(6,410 x €57) + €15] x $1.35 = $493,269.75

($493,269.75 - $500,000) / $500,000 = -1.35%

Answer:

Steel industry in the United States of America has had its up and down over the years. this is especially going by the fact that it is cheaper to import steel from outside America than to buy those produced in U.S. However, high tariff on steel import would enable the domestic steel producers to meet their obligation as well as recoup their investments in the steel industry in U.S.

For example, most construction based organisation would prefer to buy from domestic steel producer if the price and tariff of imported ones makes it extremely difficult to purchase.

On the other-hand, the high tariff placed on steel import could also harm steel users due to the fact that, the quality of steel which they buy from outside U.S would no longer be available to them.

Also, they would be forced to buy at whatever price from domestic producers whether they had need for the steel or not due to high tariff on imported ones.

When a high tariff is placed on steel imports, U.S. steel producers produce more steel and they pay a higher price.

Answer: D. more; higher

Explanation:

Answer:

Journal Entries without $ amounts:

a. Debit Materials Inventory for 960 units

   Credit Cash Account or Accounts Payable for 960 units.

   To record the purchase of materials for the production of 960 units

  Debit Work in process for 960 units

  Credit Materials Inventory for 960 units

  To record the transfer of materials to work in process.

b. Debit Conversion Costs for 910 units

   Credit Cash Account for 910 units

   To record conversion expenses.

   Debit Work in process for conversion costs

   Credit Conversion Costs

   To record the transfer of conversion costs to WIP.

c. Debit Finished Goods Inventory for 860 units

   Credit Work in Process for 860 units

   To record the transfer of 860 units out of WIP, (materials and conversion costs).

Explanation:

Journals serve multi-purposes for the initial recording of business transactions.  They also play important roles for period-end and other adjustments.  Journals come in hand for closing entries of transactions.  Importantly, they identify the accounts that are debited and credited respectively.  There are many kinds of journals for various purposes, from the general to so many of the specialized kinds.  We can even use journal entries to record exchange of quantities, not only dollar amounts, as demonstrated above.

Answer:

Expected return on stock =14.1 0%

Explanation:

The Capital Asset pricing Model (CAPM) can be used to determined the expected return on the stock.  

According to the Capital Asset pricing Model the expected return on stock  is dependent on the level of reaction of the the stock to changes in the return on a market portfolio.

These changes are captured as systematic risk. The magnitude by which a stock is affected by systematic risk is measured by beta.  

Under CAPM, Ke= Rf + β(Rm-Rf)  

Rf-risk-free rate (treasury bill rate), β= Beta, Rm= Return on market, Ke-return on stock

Using this model, we can work out the return on stock as follows:

DATA

Ke-?

Rf- 4.5%

β-1.2 8

Rm- 12%

Ke = 4.5% + 1.28× (12-4.5)%=14.1 0%

Expected return on stock =14.1 0%

Answer:

Total cost= $123,525

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Fixed costs: supervisor's salary $1,200; factory rent $2,900

Mixed costs: utilities $1,700+ $5.75 per unit

Variable costs per unit manufacturing labor wages $21.00; supplies used in production $9.00; packaging cost $2.75, warranty cost $4

We need to determine the total cost of 2,770 units:

Total variable cost= 5.75*2,770 + 21*2,770 + 9*2,770 + 2.75*2,770 + 4*2,770

Total variable cost= $117,725

Total fixed costs= 1,200 + 2,900 + 1,700= $5,800

Total cost= 117,725 + 5,800= $123,525

Answer:

The amount of $2,149.14 will be recorded on June 30, 2018 , the first interest payment date.

Explanation:

The data below were extracted from the above information

Face amount $81,000

rate 5%

Issue price $71,638

Yield 6%

Since we already know that interest is paid semi annually, then ;

Amount of interest expense will be = issue price × yield

= $71,638 × 6% × 1/2

= $2,149.14

Amount of interest expense is therefore $2,149.14, to be recorded on June 30, 2018, the first interest payment date.

Answer:

The answer is A. improvement in technology

Explanation:

Labor productivity growth is not relevant to a decline in university attendance.

Applying the Malthusianism theory, an increase in population growth can't lead to labor productivity growth because while that population growth is potentially exponential, the growth of resources is linear.

Finally, the physical capital per worker is the quantity of equipment and input resources that are used to produce output goods and services. It has no direct influence to the labor productivity growth.

Answer:

Net Cash $2,170

Explanation:

Cash Budget for September:

Beginning Balance $6,000

Individual membership fee revenue $1,350

Family membership fee revenue $720

Less:Variable Cost Individual  ($25 * 15) $375

Less:Variable Cost Family  ($25 * 5) $125

Less:Purchase of Machine $20,000

Less:Fixed cost $41,000

Net Cash $2,170

Individual membership fee revenue

$100 * 90% * 180 = 16,200 per year

16,200 / 12 = 1,350 per month.

Memberships per month = 180/12 = 15

Family membership fee revenue

$160 * 90% * 60 = 8,640 per year

8,640 / 12 = 720 per month.

Memberships per month = 60/12 = 5

Answer:

Quiet enjoyment

Explanation:

Quiet enjoyment is a clause in lease agreement that provides a guarantee that the tenant will occupy the property in peace without interference from any other claimants or the landlord.

For example this clause protects a tenant from being removed from a property by someone of higher rank or authority like an agent.

The law recognises quiet enjoyment even when it is not stated explicitly in a lease agreement. It is assumed that every tenant has a right to quiet enjoyment

Answer: c. Monopolies.

Explanation:

Because Monopolies have no competition, the main incentive to be efficient is missing. This leads to a situation where Monopolies are not as efficient as they are to be in production as well as price because they will charge a price that does not match the optimal quantity associated with that price.

With no or few competition in the market, consumers will not have a lot of choices on entities to source the good from and there is a problem of Rent seeking with Monopolies as well. Rent seeking for monopolies occurs when they charge people above the price they are to charge if they were in a competitive market. They are therefore making more money than they should at the expense of customers.