The empirical formula for the compound if A denotes the cations and X denotes the anions is AX₂
It is given that the cations are denoted by Blue color and the anions with green color. There are 8 atoms in the corners and 6 in the face center. Then,
No of atoms in a total of all corners = 8 x 1/8
No of atoms in the corners = 1
No of atoms in the faces = 6 x 1/2
No of atoms in the faces = 3
Then,
Total no of cations atoms = total number of atoms in the corners + the total number of atoms in the faces
Total number of cations (A) = 1 + 3
Total number of cations (A) = 4
The total number of anions in the cell is 8 from the figures as they aren't shared with another lattice arrangement. Therefore,
Number of anions (X) = 8
Then the empirical formula would be A₄X₈ which could be written in the simplified form of AX₂.
Thus, the empirical formula is AX₂ for the arrangement.
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Which of the following concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes?
1. mass percent
2.mole fraction
3. molality
4. molarity
5. all of these
The concentration measures will change in value as the temperature of a solution changes is molarity. The correct option is 4.
What is molarity?The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per liter of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration.
To find the equation for molarity, divide the volume of solvent used to dissolve the given solute by the number of moles of that solute. M = n V
Since the volume of the solution rises as the temperature rises, molarity decreases. Therefore, molarity is normally affected when therefore is a change in temperature of a solution either when it increases or decreases.
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How many moles exist in 3,000,000 particles of gold (Au)?
Answer:
4.98 x 10^-18 mole
Explanation:
1 mole has 6.022 x 10^23 particles
so 3,000,000/(6.022 x 10^23) = 4.98 x 10^-18 mole
a housewife used the aluminum can to keep vinegar. After sometime, it is found that the vinegar is spoiled. Give a reason.
Answer:
Explanation:She was wrong
ammonium ion (nh4 ) is an acid that can dissociate to form ammonia (nh3) and h in aqueous solution. the pka for this reaction is 9.25. when total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, what is the ph?
When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.
Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.
The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.
It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:
NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)
Initial conc. (in M) 1 - -
At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5 0.5 0.5
The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,
pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}[/tex] _ _ _(i)
But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.
Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.
This is achieved by using the relation
Kb = [tex]\frac{Kw}{Ka}[/tex]
or, -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka
or, pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75
where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).
Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75
Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact
pOH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[base]}[/tex] _ _ _(ii)
where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that
Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] or, pOH + pH = pKw = 14 or, pOH = 14 - pH
Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives
14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]
or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]
As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,
pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ [tex]\frac{0.50}{0.50}[/tex]
= 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )
= 9.25 - 0
pH = 9.25
Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.
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Dna has an important role in making proteins, the biomolecules that help determine our traits as well as take part in chemical reactions throughout our bodies. Can you correctly label the steps/parts involved in protein synthesis?.
Protein synthesis is a process that is generated within cells where different organelles and genetic components are involved through which proteins are generated.
What are the steps of protein formation?The biosynthesis of proteins will be given by different parts, beginning with the translation of the genetic material. It will be given by different steps:
1. mRNA binds to ribosomes and the aminoacyl-tRNA to be associated to the first codon of the mRNA is associated.
2. The elongation of the polypeptide chain occurs, in which the amino acids are joined
3. The elongation is finished when the termination codons are reached.
4. The translation components are released and post-translational modifications are started.
5. The folding, glycosylation and modification of amino acids occur
6. Finally, the protein is released to generate its function
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what is the form of energy contained in a dam called? group of answer choices nuclear chemical kinetic potential
Potential Energy is the form of energy contained in dam.
Total energy:
The total energy of each considered object is the sum of its potential energy (P.E) and kinetic energy (K.E) and is constant throughout motion. For example, at finite height, a ball has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy, and when released, K.E increases and becomes maximum at ground level, and P.E decreases to zero at ground level. , so the total energy increases. There is movement of the ball in the same way everywhere. The energy that an object has due to its motion is called kinetic energy, and the energy that an object has due to its position and shape is called potential energy.
Here the water dammed by the dam has a certain potential height. This means that water has latent energy because it is located far from the bottom. Therefore, water dammed up by a dam has potential energy.
Potential Energy:
In physics, potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to other objects, its own tension, electrical charge, or other factors. Common types of potential energy are the gravitational potential energy of a body, the elastic potential energy of an extended spring, and the electrical potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field. The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule, and the symbol is J.
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How many moles of chlorine are present in 3 moles of MgCl2
The amount, in moles, of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] would be 6 moles.
Stoichiometric problem[tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made from magnesium and chlorine molecules according to the following equation:
[tex]MgCl_2 --- > Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^-[/tex]
From the above equation, 1 mole of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is made up of 1 mole of Mg and 2 moles of Cl.
Following this established ratio, the amount of chlorine that would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] can be calculated as follows:
1 mole [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 moles of Cl
3 moles [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] = 2 x 3/1
= 6 moles of Cl
In other words, 6 moles of Cl would be present in 3 moles of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex].
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what special equipment did niels bohr use to develop his atomic model?
Neil Bohr used the fluorescent screen and an alpha particle detector to study the structure of an atom.
What is an atom?
An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.
Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.
The atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.
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(50 points)
Diurnal temperature range is the difference between ________ and ________ temperature each _________.
high, low, hour
high, low, day
beginning, ending, hour
beginning, ending, day
Answer: Diurnal temperature range is the difference between __maximum______ and ____minimum____ temperature each ___1 day______.
Explanation:
please help!
Are magnesium and calcium more reactive with oxygen in the air than is aluminum? Support your answer.
Magnesium and calcium are 2nd group elements with 2 valence electrons. They are metals in room temperature and easily lose these electrons to nonmetals such as oxygen.
What is magnesium ?Magnesium is 12th element in periodic table. It is 2nd group element and is a called alkaline earth metals. Its group members are calcium, strontium, and barium.
They contains 2 valence electrons which can be easily lost to a non-metal. Oxygen is highly electronegative element and it contains 6 valence electrons and need two more electrons to achieve octet.
Al is 13th group element it is not as much electropositive as alkaline earth metals. It contains 3 valence electrons and thus it need to lose all these 3 electrons to achieve octet. Hence, Al is less reactive towards O2 in comparison with Mg and Ca.
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A student wants to determine the effect of a fertilizer on the growth of bean plants. She sets
up the following experiment.
Bean
Soil
Fertilizer
Daily water 50 mL
A
Bean
Soil
Daily water 50 mL
2. What does setup "B" represent and why is it important in this experiment?
ANSWER QUESTION 2 NOT QUESTION 1
The experimental set up in B is to observe the growth the green beans without the addition of fertilizer. Thus, we can compare the growth of the plant with and without fertilizer and thereby we can understand the effect the fertilizer on the plant growth.
What is fertilizer?Fertilizers are chemical substances used to nourish the plants by making the soil rich in nutrients and minerals. Plants needs minerals along with water such as potassium, calcium, phosphorous, nitrogen etc.
Sometimes the soil comes deficient of these minerals and we have to fertilize the soli by the addition of the chemicals containing these minerals. Hence, fertilizers provide a nutrient rich soil for plant growth.
The experimental set up with fertilizer added plant and the second one (B) without fertilizer helps to compare the growth in both conditions and we can clearly understand how fertilizers effect the growth of plants by comparing the plant growth in A and B.
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ANSWER ASAP FOR 90 POINTS Question: Air pressure is...
A.high and low at the bottom
B. same at the top same at the bottom
C.low at the top low at the bottom
D.low at the top hight at the bottom
Air pressure is D.low at the top hight at the bottom.
How much air pressure is typical?Pressure is the force that the air applies to the ground when gravity acts on it. At sea level, there is typically a pressure of 1013.25 millibars, or 14.7 pounds per square inch.
When the air pressure is high, what happens?High pressure frequently heralds sunny, dry weather. Clouds and precipitation are frequently indicative of low pressure. Air that is sinking is related with high pressure. Because it is pushing DOWN on the ground, air pressure is higher.
How do we react to air pressure?High barometric pressure exerts additional pressure against our bodies, which restricts how much tissue can expand. On the other hand, when air pressure is low, our body's tissues can expand more, which results in more pressure.
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a chemist reacted 0.20 moles 4-aminophenol (109.13 g/mol) with 0.25 moles of acetic anhydride (102.09 g/mol) to synthesize acetaminophen. if 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated, what was the percent yield of the reaction? (only type the number, not the percent sign)
If 22 g acetaminophen (151.163 g/mol) was generated. The percent yield of the reaction is 72.78 %.
Calculation :
C₆H₇NO + C₄H₆O₃ --> C₃H₉NO₂ + C₂H₄O₂
0.20 moles 0.25 moles 22g
limiting reagrnt --> C₆H₇NO
from reaction equation
.20 mol of acetaminophen = .20*151.163 = 30.23 g
% yield = (practical/ theoritical)yield* 100 = 72.78 %
reaction yield. The reaction yield (absolute yield) of a chemical reaction is the amount of pure, dry product recovered from the reaction. Relative yield or percent yield (%) is commonly calculated to measure the efficiency of chemical reactions in organic synthesis.
Yield, also called reaction yield, is a measure of the molar amount of product to reactant consumed in a chemical reaction, usually expressed as a percentage. Yield is one of the main factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. [2] In chemical reaction engineering, “yield,” “conversion,” and “selectivity” relate to unwanted products, how much of the starting material is consumed (conversion), how much of the desired production A term used to describe the rate at which something is formed (yield). (selectivity) represented as X, Y, and S
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✔ Question 1
Below is a picture of the rock strata of a mountain.
What can you infer about the layers in this picture?
Sedimentary rock layers are referred to as rock strata.
What is a rock?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks.
The sediment grains that are deposited by water, wind, or ice become sedimentary rocks. They are always formed in layers and are referred to as "beds" or "strata," and frequently include fossils.
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation are the processes that result in the formation of these horizontal layers. Newer layers are deposited and created during this process on top of older layers, allowing for the relative dating of each layer.
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Determine whether each of the examples represents a colligative property or non colligative property
1. freezing point depression
2. density
3. boiling point elevation
4. vapor pressure lowering
5. colour
a. colligative
b. non colligative
c. colligative
d. colligative
e. non colligative
Colligative qualities include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction. Color and density are non-colligative qualities.
Colligative qualities are those that rely on the number of particles of solute rather than the composition of the solute.
An example of a colligative property:
Reduced vapor pressure
Boiling point at an elevation
a drop in the freezing point
The osmotic pressure
Non-colligative qualities are those that are determined by the nature of the solute and solvent.
Non-colligative qualities include:
Viscosity
The surface tension
Density
Solubility
As a result, we may deduce that boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are all colligative qualities. Color and density are also non-colligative qualities.
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which metal would you expect to have the highest melting point? which metal would you expect to have the highest melting point? agag tctc rbrb
Among the elements in the periodic table, tungsten metal is expected to have the highest melting point.
Tungsten, having atomic number 74 belongs to the 6th group and 6th period of the periodic table.
It is the metal with the highest melting point i.e 3422°C . For this reason, tungsten is used as a metallic component in the filaments of electric bulbs and in cathode ray tubes.
Tungsten is considered a refractory metal due to its heat-hesistance nature. on the other hand, alkali metals such as Li,Na,K have low melting points because of their large size of atoms and due to which the binding energies of the atoms in the crystal lattice is comparatively low, resulting in low melting point.
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each of the structures for clocl , ncoh , and clno has atoms connected in the order given in their formulas. identify the type of hybridization for the central atom in each compound.
The type of hybridization for the central atom in each compound is as follows ; Initially we can determine the precise hybridization of each of the mentioned atoms by examining the structures of each molecule.
When we look at ClNO, we can see that the nitrogen atom is linked to chlorine by a single bond while also maintaining a lone pair on oxygen by double bonds. The nitrogen is therefore in a sp2 hybridized form.
As is expected for ClOCl, the molecule has two lone pairs on the oxygen atom and an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom connected to two chlorine atoms.
The carbon atom in NCOH is sp2 hybridized because it is doubly linked to oxygen.
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Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
salad
milk
paint
toothpaste
Answer:
salad
Explanation:
how are components separated using distillation? the substance with the [ select ] vapor pressure is vaporized first, and then it is
The material with the lower boiling point vaporizes first when heated, then condenses and collects.
The heat that is generated during the condensation process of higher boiling vapor is what leads to the process of vaporization. Because it has such a huge surface area, the packing enables vapors to move freely between the ascending and descending directions. In the process of evaporation, the vaporization happens at a temperature lower than the boiling point, whereas in the distillation process, the vaporization happens at the boiling point.
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the solubility of caf2 is measured to be 0.017 g/l. based on this information, what is ksp for caf2? the molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol.
The molar mass of caf2 is 78.075 g/mol is 4.14 x 10^ -11.
CaF2 (s) <----> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)
At equilibrium [Ca2+] = S , [F-] = 2S , where S is amount of CaF2 dissolved i.e solubility.
The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.
given S = 1.7 x 10^ -2 g/L = 0.017 g/L
we can convert g/L to mol/L by dividing S with Molar mass of CaF2
S in mol / L = (S in g/L) / ( CaF2 molar mass) = ( 0.017g/L) / ( 78.07g/mol) = 0.000218 mol /L
[F-] = 2S = 2 x ( 0.000218) = 0.000436 mol/L
now Ksp = [Ca2+] [F-]^2
= ( 0.000218 ) (0.000436 )^2
= 4.14 x 10^ -11
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any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with ________ to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.
Any area that has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion must be rubbed with alcohol to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads.
What is Alcohol?This is referred to as a substance which is derived from the fermentation of sugar under anaerobic conditions and it usually has an intoxicating effect.
However, it is also used for other purposes such as skin care and is usually applied after it has been treated with talcum powder or skin lotion so as to remove the residue and facilitate the adherence of the leads thereby making alcohol the correct choice in this scenario.
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this is the chemical formula for talc (the main ingredient in talcum powder): an analytical chemist has determined by measurements that there are moles of magnesium in a sample of talc. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample? be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Mg3 (Si,03),(OH), is the chemical formula for talc: an analytical chemist has determined by measurements that there are 90.4 moles of magnesium and 2.43 moles of oxygen in a sample of talc.
Talcum powder is formed from talc. Talc is a mineral created up primarily of metallic element, silicon, and oxygen. As a powder, it absorbs wet well and helps weigh down on friction, creating it helpful for keeping skin dry and serving to forestall rashes.This mineral is employed as a thickening agent and stuff. It's an ingredient in ceramics, paints, and building material.
Talc is a hydrous magnesium sheet salt with the statement Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. The elementary sheet consists of a layer of magnesium-oxygen/hydroxyl octahedra, sandwiched between 2 layers of siliconoxygen tetrahedra.
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A science class is going to do an experiment to investigate how water temperature changes the rate at which salt dissolves in water. What tool will be needed to measure the temperature of the water?
Answer:
thermometers
Explanation:
Answer: thermometer
Explanation: trust me ;)
A btu is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one lb of water by one degree celsius.
a. True
b. False
Answer:One BTU is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water through 1 degree Fahrenheit
Explanation:
what quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams
The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
What is molar mass?A compound's molar mass, which is measured in grams per mole, specifies how much of a given material weighs in one mole. In other terms, the molar mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms that make up a mole of a certain molecule, expressed in grams. As a result, the molar mass is measured in grams/mole.
The compound's molar mass is expressed in grams per mole, or g/mol. The mass of 1 mol, expressed in the SI as g/mol, is the definition of the molar mass. Example: Water has a molar mass of 18.016 g/mol.
Thus, The molar mass of the substance is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams.
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The complete question is as follows:
What quantity is needed to convert between the moles of a given sample of a substance and its mass in grams?
a the molar mass of the substance
b the density of the substance
с the physical state of the substance
d all of the above
how many milliliters of 2.50 m hcl (aq) are required to react with 8.05 g of an ore containing 44.0% zn (s) by mass? the molecular weight of zn is 65.38 g/mol.
43.312 mL of 2.50M HCl is required to react with zinc single displacement reaction occurs.
Hydrogen gas and zinc chloride are produced quickly by the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid. In a single displacement reaction, zinc metal displaces hydrogen to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. Because the reaction is exothermic, a significant amount of heat is produced.
The reaction goes in following order
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2} (g)[/tex]
Percentage of Zn = (mass of Zn/mass of Ore) x 100
Mass of Zn = [tex]\frac{44 \times 8.05}{100}[/tex] = 3.54g
n Zn= [tex]\frac{3.54g}{65.38g}[/tex] per mole = 0.054144
n [tex]HCl[/tex] = 2 x 0.054144 = 0.10828
M= [tex]\frac{n}{V}\times1000[/tex]
V=[tex]\frac{n}{M}\times1000[/tex]
[tex]\frac{0.10828}{2.50}\times1000[/tex] = 43.312 mL
So 43.312 mL of 2.50M HCl is required to react with zinc.
The reaction goes in following order
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2} (g)[/tex]
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Khloe is preheating her oven before using it to bake. Khloe wants to predict the final temperature after xx minutes. She wrote the equation y=20x+78y=20x+78, where yy represents the final temperature in degrees fahrenheit. What is the meaning of the yy-value when x=1x=1?.
The final temperature of the oven after being preheated, y is 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
What is the relationship between the final temperature and the time taken to preheat the oven?The relationship between the final temperature, y, and the time taken to preheat the oven, x is given by the equation below:
y = 20x + 78
where;
the final temperature is y,
and the time taken to preheat the oven is x
When x is equal to 1, the value of y can be determined as follows:
y = 20 (1) + 78
y = 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
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How many elements belong to the Halogen family? List the member elements by their symbol?
Answer:
5
Explanation:
fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
based on their structures, rank phenol, benzene, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid in terms of lowest to highest boiling point. explain your reasoning.
Increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
Boiling point is directly proportional to intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces present in the given molecules are.
so, as benzene is nonpolar , only weak london dispersion force is present. Hence boiling point of benzene is least among the given molecules. Benzaldehyde is polar, so dipole -dipole force is also present. But no H-bonding is present. Hence, boiling point of benzaldehyde is less than that of phenol and benzoic acid. Now, both phenol and benzoic acid is polar as well as they can form H-bonding. But phenol can only form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, but benzoic acid can form both intermolecular as well as intramolecular H bonding. So it can exist as dimer. The presence of dimer further strengthen the vander Waals dispersion forces , that increases the boiling point of Benzoic acid.
Hence increasing order of boiling point of the given molecules is
Benzene< Benzaldehyde<Phenol<Benzoic acid.
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how many times acidic is pOH 12 than pOH 10
Answer:
100x less acidic
Explanation:
pOH is the inverse of pH, which is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. The lower the pH of a solution, the more acidic it is, and the higher the pOH, the less acidic it is.
To determine how many times more acidic a solution with a pOH of 12 is compared to a solution with a pOH of 10, we can use the formula:
pH1 / pH2 = 10^(pOH1 - pOH2)
In this case, we are given that the pOH of the first solution is 12 and the pOH of the second solution is 10. We can plug these values into the formula to calculate the ratio of acidity:
pH1 / pH2 = 10^(12 - 10)
= 10^2
= 100
Therefore, a solution with a pOH of 12 is 100 times less acidic than a solution with a pOH of 10.
