The 10% rule states that one organisms from one trophic level can transmit 10% of its energy to the following trophic level. In the exposed example, 10% of energy will be available for the secondary consumer to transfer to the tertiary consumer.
What is the 10% rule?
The 10% rule refers to the energy flow along the trophic chains from autotrophs to heterotrophs and detritivorous organisms.
From the solar energy input, it occurs a unidirectional energy flow through all the organisms in the ecosystem.
Only 1% of the solar energy that reaches the Earth's surface is absorbed by autotroph organisms.
From there, each trophic level transmits 10% of its energy to the following trophic level. The remaining 90% is lost to the environment as heat.
According to these amounts, The 10% rule states that only about 10% of the energy stored as biomass at one trophic level per unit of time ends up as biomass at the next trophic level, in the same unit of time.
In the exposed example,
If 10,000 joules of energy are available to the producer10% of that energy is available to herbivores. This is, 1000 joules of energy are available to primary consumers.
10% of these 1000 joules are available to carnivores. This is, 100 joules of energy are available to secondary consumers.
Of these 100 joules, 10% are available to the tertiary consumer. This is, 10 joules are available to the tertiary consumer.
Hence, 10% of energy will be available for the secondary consumer to transfer to the tertiary consumer.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. the planets that reside in the region of the solar system are jupiter, , uranus, and neptune. although these planets are made up of lighter elements, they have a solid core. the atmosphere of all these planets is made up of hydrogen and . in addition to these two elements, the planets neptune and contain methane.
The correct answer from the drop-down menu is (a) the planets that reside in the region of the solar system are Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the planets that are found in the solar system's outermost zone. They have a strong core despite the lighter components that make up these planets. Hydrogen and helium make up the planets' atmospheres in all cases. The planets Neptune and Uranus also have methane in them in addition to these two elements.
Uranus and Neptune share a lot in common. It has a solid center the size of Earth covered in a dense fog of water, ammonia, and methane. Hydrogen and helium, together with a small amount of methane, make up the majority of these elements' atmospheres.
The methane in Uranus' upper atmosphere absorbs the Sun's red light while reflecting its blue light back into space.
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The planets that reside in the outer region of the solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Although these planets are made up of lighter elements, they have a solid core. The atmosphere of all these planets is made up of hydrogen and helium. In addition to these two elements, the planets Neptune and Jupiter contain methane.
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which component of a phospholipid is found on the exterior of a lipid bilayer? select only one answer choice.
a. Glycerol
b. Alcohol
c. Carbohydrate
d. Phosphate group
e. Fatty acids
Answer:
Fatty Acids
Explanation:
hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage identify the structure indicated by the arrows
Collagen type II is the dominant fiber type of matrix in hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage as indicated by the arrows.
The extracellular matrix contains chemicals that enable the cartilage to draw and retain water, making it a great shock absorber as well. (This crucial function pertains to bones that come into contact with one another at joints.) Type II collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and extracellular fluid make up the matrix of hyaline cartilage. Up to 40% of the dry weight of the semitranslucent blue-gray hyaline cartilage matrix is made up of collagen.
The most common type of cartilage in the body is hyaline cartilage. Although collagen type II is the predominant fiber type in the matrix, it cannot be seen with a light microscope.
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here is a portion of a hypothetical dna sequence: 3' t t c g a a c c g a g 5' suppose this sequence is part of the template strand of a gene. the sequence of the rna transcript produced from this part of the gene would be:
Answer:
sequence of the RNA transcript produced from this part of the gene would be:
5' A A G C U U G G C U C 3'
Explanation:
The RNA transcript is produced by transcribing the DNA sequence into RNA using the enzyme RNA polymerase. During transcription, RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and uses it as a template to synthesize the complementary RNA sequence. Because RNA is single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded, the RNA transcript is complementary to the non-template strand of the DNA, not the template strand.
In the given DNA sequence, the non-template strand would be:
3' A A C G T T G G C T G 5'
The RNA transcript is produced by transcribing this non-template strand, so the resulting RNA sequence would be the complementary sequence:
5' A A G C U U G G C U C 3'
This RNA transcript would be the sequence of the RNA produced from the given DNA sequence.
how would a trade-off between dispersal ability and competitive ability affect which types of species could colonize small versus large gaps in a community?
Species having high dispersal ability and low competitive ability are able to colonize large gaps in a community.
Colonization, or colonization, constitutes big-scale population movements wherein migrants hold sturdy links with their, or their ancestors, former u. s. a . – by such links, benefit advantage over different inhabitants of the territory.
It occurs whilst one state subjugates some other, conquering its population and exploiting it, regularly at the same time as forcing its own language and cultural values upon its humans.
The 8 powers or international locations maintain and control their sixty-one colonies. The nations nonetheless have colonies in Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, and New Zealand.
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following glycolysis and the krebs cycle, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to co2. at this point, most of the energy from the original glucose is in the form of:
The glucose molecule has been entirely broken down via the Krebs cycle, transition reaction, and glycolysis. Its carbon dioxide is made up of all six of its carbon atoms joining with oxygen. There are a total of 16 energy-carrier molecules that have been used to store the energy from their chemical bonds.
A glucose molecule progressively decomposes into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. In the process of transforming glucose, some ATP is directly created. But far more ATP is later created through a procedure known as oxidative phosphorylation. A total of 2 ATP is produced during the glycolysis process, which converts glucose into pyruvate and energy (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). Phophorylation is made possible by the hydroxyl groups. Glucose 6-phosphate is the particular kind of glucose that is employed in glycolysis.
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outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cells protect, insulate, and reinforce neurons? group of answer choices
outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, Glial cells protect, insulate, and reinforce neurons.
What do glial cells do, and why?Thus, they are referred to as the nervous system's "supporting cells." Glial cells have four primary roles: to surround and stabilise neurons; to supply them with nutrition and oxygen; to insulate one neuron from another; and to degrade and remove the remains of dead neurons (clean up).
In the brain, how many glial cells are there?The cerebral cortex contains just 16.34 billion neurons and 60.84 billion glia, giving it a glia to neuron ratio of approximately 3.76 to 1.
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Complete question:
outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cells protect, insulate, and reinforce neurons?
a. axon cells
b. glial cells
c. sensory cells
d. motor cells
e. satellite cells
In addition to a promoter, eukaryotic genes have control elements called __________.
In addition to a promoter, eukaryotic genes have control elements called Regulator Gene
Eukaryotic genes:
It is obvious that eukaryotic genes have a different and more complex structure, particularly in the promoter regions and regulatory regions.
Despite significant advancements in gene cloning, sequencing, and the expression of genes in many cell types, comprehension of other genes is still vague, with the exception of a few simple genes.
• The structural characteristics and functional properties of genes transcribed by various enzymes vary.
A. RNA pol-promoter I's structure is as follows:
RNA polymerase-I is the only enzyme capable of transcription of ribosomal RNA genes.
• In the eukaryotic system, ribosomal RNA genes are the most active, highly productive, and frequently transcribed genes.
RRNA makes up more than 90% of all the RNA in eukaryotic cells.
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the dna with the gene of interest for a cloning experiment was left on the lab bench overnight (instead of storing it in the freezer). as a result, it was degraded. they didn't know the dna was left out and used it in the experiment. the plasmid, however, was stored correctly. the vector contains a gene for ampicillin resistance. after the transformation procedure, the bacteria were plated on media containing ampicillin. what results are expected from this faulty molecular cloning experiment?
In a molecular cloning procedure, the DNA to be copied is extracted from a target organism and split into smaller DNA fragments in a test tube using enzymes.
These pieces are subsequently joined with vector DNA to produce recombinant DNA molecules. After that, a host organism is given the recombinant DNA (typically an easy-to-grow,strain of E. coli bacteria). Recombinant DNA molecules will be duplicated alongside the host DNA in the resulting population of organisms. These are transgenic or genetically modified organisms because they have foreign DNA pieces. Thus, the term "clone" is frequently used to describe both the bacterial population and the recombinant DNA molecule. In actuality, molecular cloning refers to the scientific techniques utilised to put them together.The idea arose that different DNA sequences could be inserted into a plasmid and that these foreign sequences would be carried into bacteria and digested as part of the plasmid. That is, these plasmids could serve as cloning vectors to carry genes.
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Why do the cells in all living things need energy?
Responses
Answer:
All living cells need energy to carry out their basic functions, such as growth, reproduction, and maintenance. This energy is necessary for cells to maintain their structural integrity, to synthesize new molecules, and to perform the many other processes that are essential for life. Without a constant supply of energy, cells would not be able to carry out these functions and would quickly die.
Periodic Table Coloring Activity-15 pts
5) If two atoms are in the same group they will have_ properties. If two atoms are in the
same period, they will have
properties.
6) As you go from right to left, metallic properties_
nonmetallic properties,
and
properties.
As you go left to right,
7) Metalloids contain both
8) The periodic table is arranged by increasing
9) In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the periodic table by increasing
10) To become stable, atoms want to have a full
decreases
What is it referred to as when two atoms are identical?
Carbon monoxide (CO), which consists of a single carbon atom and a single oxygen atom, is an illustration of a diatomic molecule. It is known as a homonuclear diatomic molecule if the two atoms are from the same element, such as oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2).
As we move up the periodic table, fewer shells are present, making it more challenging for an atom to lose electrons.
Because of this, the metallic character gets weaker as you move up a group. As a result, choice three is right.
In a periodic table, the tendency to gain electrons decreases as we move from left to right. The metallic character fades over a period of time as it moves from left to right.
It is the periodic chart that
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outline an optimal treatment plan for julie and explain your reasoning. discuss the tradeoff s encountered during the composition of your plan (consider alternative drug targets and a bone marrow transplant).
The primary medication used to treat CML is a drug named imatinib. It is typically administered quickly after a cancer diagnosis in order to decrease the disease's course and keep it from progressing to an advanced stage.
Reduced formation of aberrant white blood cells is how imatinib functions.
BMT, commonly referred to as a bone marrow transplant as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplant could treat AML for patients of any age. It swaps out harmful stem cells with good blood-forming ones. Many people's diseases can be cured through transplants.
A bone marrow, meaning stem cell, transplant is such kind of therapy for CML where the patient receives transplanted bone marrow from a donor. The first and only recognized treatment that can completely cure CML would be an allogeneic transplant.
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Which of the following is closest to the size of a sperm? Highlight the correct choice:
Virus Bacteria Muscle cell Frog blood cell
Answer: frog blood cell
Explanation:
I know everything
The sternocleidomastoid muscle attaches to the sternum, ____, and the mastoid process.
According to the research, the correct answer is clavicle. The sternocleidomastoid muscle attaches to the sternum, clavicle, and the mastoid process.
What is sternocleidomastoid muscle?It is a thick and easy to palpate muscle that is located in the anterior and lateral part of the neck.
In this sense, it extends from its origin in the clavicle and sternum, until it inserts in the temporal bone, specifically in the mastoid process.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the sternocleidomastoid muscle begins at the clavicle and sternum, and extends to the skull.
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scientists believe that perching birds originated on the continents of australia and antarctica. how would these scientists explain the discovery of ancient perching bird fossils in africa?
The concept that dinosaurs were the direct ancestors of birds was backed by new research on ancient specimens as well as by field finds of dinosaur and early bird species.
Numerous traits and behaviours that distinguish modern birds were also present in dinosaur forebears. Theropods were a class of meat-eating dinosaurs from which birds descended. Although birds originated from little theropods rather than gigantic ones like Tyrannosaurus rex, they nonetheless belong to the same group as the dinosaur. The earliest fossilised bird remains date back 150 million years. Since they have a foot structure that enables them to grip branches, many bird species, including the majority of songbirds, are also known as "perching birds." The shape of one toe at the back of the foot works as a pincher, stabilising the perched bird.
The complete question is:
Scientists believe that perching birds originated on the continents of Australia and Antarctica. How would these scientists explain the discovery of ancient perching bird fossils in Africa? A) At one time, the climate in Earth was consistent throughout the planet. B) The fossils may have been moved by man, animals, or Earth’s constructive and destructive processes. C) The birds originated in Africa, but migrated with human populations to Australia and Antarctica to Africa. D) During the life of Pangea, Antarctica, Australia and Africa were neighboring
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1. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration has a cyclic relation?
2. what are the reactants of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration?
The biosphere cycle of carbon through a processes known as the carbon cycle. While photosynthesis draws carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment.
What does the photosynthesis cycle involve?Cyclic photophosphorylation is the name given to the photophosphorylation procedure that causes the electrons to travel cyclically in order to synthesize ATP molecules. In this procedure, plant cells only convert ADP to ATP for instantaneous cellular energy.
What substances react during cellular respiration?In the process of cellular respiration, oxygen and glucose are primary reactants. Carbon dioxide and water are waste remain of cellular respiration, with ATP serving as its primary product.
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what are 3 ways that we can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
The 3 ways to reduce carbandioxide in the atmosphere are :
Coastal Blue Carbon.Planting Trees.Forest Management.Agricultural Practices.Why is atmospheric carbon dioxide required?Carbon dioxide is a crucial greenhouse gas that helps keep heat in our atmosphere. Without it, our planet would be too cold to support life. But other aspects of Earth's climate are being impacted by an increase in average global temperatures spurred on by growing CO2 levels in our atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is the source of carbon, the fundamental component of all life. Just as plants require carbon dioxide to thrive, animals eat plants to obtain the carbon they require to survive.
When incoming solar radiation is reflected back to space near the earth's surface, the atmosphere's carbon dioxide absorbs and stores the energy. The earth's surface would be cooler than it is now if there were no carbon dioxide because there would be no solar energy absorption.
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why do modern humans have misaligned teeth? group of answer choices the development of agriculture a diet of harder foods the development of larger jaws an increased emphasis on foraging food
The development of agriculture. The introduction of softer, sweeter foods than what our predecessors normally ate has changed the oral environment, which is largely to blame for modern dental diseases.
Genes can play a role in tooth alignment. Some disorders that can run in your family include crowding, jaw size, jaw shape, hyperdontia (having too many teeth), overbites, underbites, Agriculture and poor tooth or palate development. Nine out of ten people have teeth that are slightly out of place or maloccluded, and 75 percent of us have wisdom teeth that are unable to fully erupt. In other words, our teeth don't fit in our jaws.
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animal hair and human hair have several differences including: a the pattern of pigmentation b the medullary index c the cuticle type d all of these choices.
Option D is correct, A thread-like growth called hair can be observed in the dermis. Keratin, a protein, is the main component. It develops more like an anchor from the follicles that carry hair into the skin.
The only animals that have hairs are mammals. Humans and certain other creatures are classified as mammals. Although there are certain distinctions between human and animal hair, there are some commonalities. The purpose of this article is to inform you about the peculiar differences and parallels between human and animal hair.
Except for flat areas like the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the lips, and the genitalia, every part of the human body and some animal bodies have hair growing on it. Compared to humans, animals seem to have more hair on their bodies. The fur is made up of the many hairs that cover their bodies.
Animal hair and human hair have several differences including:
A. the pattern of pigmentation
B. the medullary index
C. the cuticle type
D. all of these choices.
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species that undergo sexual selection often have males and females that differ dramatically in phenotype, a phenomenon called sexual dimorphism. since sexual dimorphism is a result of selection for the two extremes of a phenotypic trait, what pattern of selection is this?
Option A disruptive is the correct answer. This pattern of selection is disruptive because it favours the two extremes of a phenotypic characteristic, which results in sexual dimorphism.
Sexual dimorphism is the systematic shape difference between individuals of different sexes within the same species. For instance, the male in some species, such as many animals, is bigger than the female. The female of some species, like some spiders, is larger than the male. This sexual dimorphism has been noted in early development studies, childhood, adolescence, and maturity. On average, males' total brain size is around 8%–15% greater than females' (uncorrected for body size).
As a result, we can conclude that Option A disruptive is the best choice. Sexual dimorphism results from selection toward the two extremes of a phenotypic characteristic, hence this pattern of selection is disruptive.
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Complete Question:
Species that undergo sexual selection often have males and females that differ dramatically in phenotype, a phenomenon called sexual dimorphism. Since sexual dimorphism is a result of selection for the two extremes of a phenotypic trait, what pattern of selection is this?
Choose one:
A.disruptive
B.stabilizing
C.directional
name the 8 major terrestrial biomes, and describe each in terms of relative temperature, precipitation. why can the same type of biome occur in areas that are very geographically distant?
Temperate grasslands, temperate forests, boreal forests, Arctic tundra, tropical rainforests, savannas, subtropical deserts, and chaparral are the eight main terrestrial biomes.
Large-scale ecosystems, or biomes, can be distinguished by the temperature ranges and precipitation patterns that are unique to them.The types of flora and animal life that can exist in particular regions are influenced by these two features.The same biome can survive in geographically separate places with equivalent climatic circumstances since each biome is determined by its climate. A biome is a substantial biological community or ecosystem that is home to a range of organisms that may survive in a certain environment, including plants, animals, birds, insects, and people. Based mostly on adaptations, temperature ranges, weather, and climatic circumstances, the enormous variety of ecosystems that make up the world are divided and grouped into several biomes.Refer here to know more about biome:
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The process whereby users create their own videos and combinations of existing songs is often called?
Answer:
Mashup
Explanation:
a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a ...
The biological species idea, which is the definition of a species that is most frequently used, states that a species is indeed a group of creatures that has the potential to interbreed or mate with one another in order to generate live, fertile offspring.
A group of microorganisms that may interbreed and produce fertile offspring is referred to as a species. a collection of related creatures that can mate and have fruitful offspring. (Biological science) the ability to conceive naturally or artificially and produce babies. the quality of being fertile and capable of having children. The biological species idea, which is the definition of a species that is most frequently used, states that a species is indeed a group of creatures that has the potential to interbreed or mate with one another in order to generate live, fertile offspring.The number of live births per 1,000 people per year in a given area in relation to its population Without regard to age, one can refer to a parent's children as "minor children," "adult children," "baby children," as well as "teenage children" according to their ages. Male children are referred to as sons, and female children as daughters (see kinship).
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a physical injury to the body's tissues can result from the repeated action of relatively small forces acting on tissue, and this is called: question 19 options: a) a chronic injury. b) a mechanistic injury. c) an acute injury. d) a microinjury.
A physical injury to the body's tissues can result from the repeated action of relatively small forces acting on tissue, and this is called a chronic injury.
Human frame tissue is some manner of describing how our cells are grouped in a fantastically organized manner consistent with particular structure and function. These groupings of cells form tissues, which then make up organs and numerous components of the body. As an instance, it’s easy to look at and feel the muscle in the body. Muscle is one of the four types of human frame tissue.
A chronic injury is the end result of prolonged, repetitive movement, especially while doing activities that include swimming, strolling, and biking. As such, persistent accidents are often referred to as overuse injuries.
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ifi DNA Unit Test BIOLOGY IA / DNA Epistasis is observed when the allele of one gene masks the effects of another gene. Use the Punnett square to answer the question. AB Ab ab Vocabulary.com aB ab AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb black black black black Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb black brown black brown aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb black black yellow yellow Spolity Web Player O Shapchat AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb black brown yellow ? What color would a dog's fur be if its genes are aabb? 31 Il O a
Recessive epistasis occurs when the recessive allele of one gene is epistatic over the other gene. The resulting phenotypic ratio is 9:3:4. In the exposed example, the phenotype of the aabb dog is yellow. Option A.
What is epistasis?Epistasis means interruption and refers to interactions between genes located in different loci in the same chromosome.
An epistatic gene can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a hypostatic gene.
Epistasis might be either dominant or recessive,
When the epistatic gene is dominant, the interaction is known as dominant epistasis.The phenotypic ratio resulting from dominant epistasis is 12:3:1.
When the epistatic gene is recessive, the interaction is known as recessive epistasis.The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:4.
The exposed situation is an example of recessive epistasis, in which two diallelic genes affect the dog's fur color,
B is a dominant allele that codes for black color.b is a recessive allele that codes for brown color.A is the dominant allele that allows the expression of pigment.a is the recessive allele that that inhibits pigment expression. In this case, fur is yellow.The presence of at least one A allele is enough to express black (BB or Bb) or brown (bb) color. The absence of the A allele inhibits pigment expression.
The possible genotypes and phenotypes are,
AABB, AaBB, AaBb, AABb ⇒ Black AAbb, Aabb ⇒ BrownaaBB, aaBb, aabb ⇒ YellowAs we can see in the Punnett square, the phenotypic ratios are 9:3:4
9/16 black dogs3/16 brown dogs4/16 yellow dogs.So the genotype aabb expresses yellow color. The genotype aa inhibits color expression, so the dog's fur is yellow. Option A is correct.
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Complete question:
Epistasis is observed when the allele of one gene masks the effects of another gene.
Use the Punnett square to answer the question.
What color would a dog's fur be if its genes are aabb?
A. yellow
B. brown
C. black
D. white
Punnett square
AB Ab aB ab
AB AABB (black) AABb (black) AaBB (black) AaBb (black)
Ab AABb (black) AAbb (brown) AaBb (black) Aabb (brown)
aB AaBB (black) AaBb (black) aaBB (yellow) aaBb (yellow)
ab AaBb (black) Aabb (brown) aaBb (yellow) aabb (???)
Limestone forms as ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind, which is then deposited on the ocean floor. what type of rock can be formed in this way?
Limestone is an example of sedimentary rock. It forms when ocean water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind.
One of the most prevalent categories of chemical rocks is limestone. When calcium and bicarbonate ions erode from the remains of shells, coral, crustaceans, and mollusks in the water, they form limestone. These structures are gradually broken down by wave action into calcite and other calcium carbonate-based minerals, which build up in the ocean's water. These solutes can precipitate to form sediments rich in calcium carbonate as they are transported from the deep ocean environment to shallow areas like lagoons and tidal pools. For instance, calcium carbonate can precipitate in lagoons to form ooids, which are spherical nodules that cling together to form oolitic limestone, or limestone that has the shape of an egg.
Hence, limestone is forms link between living and non living.
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Is the inner core hallow
The data suggests that solid rock, liquid nickel-iron alloy, and solid nickel-iron make up the majority of the Earth's crust.
What is inside inner core?The planet's atmosphere and the remainder of the surface are under immense pressure from the inner core, which keeps the iron from melting. The iron atoms can't migrate into a liquid form because of the extreme pressure and density.It is thought that an iron-nickel alloy and a few additional elements make up the inner core. 5,700 K, or about the same as the surface temperature of the Sun, is thought to be the surface temperature of the inner core.The geothermal gradient is the furnace in the centre of the planet. The increase in pressure and heat in the interior of the Earth is measured by the geothermal gradient. A kilometre of depth results in a geothermal gradient of around 25 degrees Celsius. The decay of radioactive elements, residual heat from planet formation, and heat produced as the liquid outer core solidifies close to its border with the inner core are the main sources of heat in the core.To learn more about Earth's crust refer :
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the selective toxicity of the sulfa drugs is due to the fact that bacteria . . . choose one:a. synthesize folic acid while mammals use preformed folic acid.b. have cell walls while mammals do not.c. polymerize nucleotides into nucleic acids while mammals do not.d. can take up sulfa drugs
synthesize folic acid and mammals use preformed folic acid. All cells need folic acid to develop, and bacteria produce it from the substrate para-amino-benzoic acid (PABA).
In dietary form, folic acid diffuses or is carried into mammalian cells. Folic acid, however, is unable to pass through bacterial cell walls by diffusion or active transport. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), an antimetabolite, competes with sulfonamides for incorporation into folic acid. The effect of sulfonamides exemplifies the concept of selective toxicity, which takes use of some differences between bacterial and mammalian cells. selectively harmful because to the size difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes' ribosomal subunits. (p 269) These medications stop folic acid from being made.
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haeologists include sandals from a cave in oregon. the carbon in the sandals is observed to undergo beta decay at a rate of 5.1 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. the carbon in living organisms decays at a rate of 15 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. calculate the age of the sandals, given that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.
The age of the sandals, given that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years is 8900 years old.
Half-lifestyles is usually defined as the time wished by a radioactive substance (or one half the atoms) to fall apart or transform into a exceptional substance. The precept changed into first observed in 1907 with the aid of Ernest Rutherford. additionally it is represented through the image Ug or t1/2.
Calculation:-
¹⁴C/¹²C = 1.3 × 10⁻²
decay rate = 15 dpm/gC
half life = 5730
disintegration per min = 5.1 dpm
ln N/N₀ = -kt
A₀/A = kN₀/kN = N₀/N
A₀/A = 15/5.1
t₁/₂ = 0.693/K
K = 0.693/t₁/₂
= 0.693 /5730 yrs
= 1.21 × 10⁻⁴ yrs ⁻¹
t = ln(N₀/N)/K = ln(15/5.1)/1.21 × 10⁻⁴ yrs ⁻¹
t = 8900 years old.
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Disadvantage and advantages for using animal fat as an insulation material?
Consuming excessive amounts of the wrong kind of fat can result in weight gain or heart disease, but dietary fats, also known as lipids, are necessary for maintaining the health of your skin and preventing chronic disease.
What are the advantages of using animal fats?
Research demonstrates that ingesting animal fat in a low-carb, high-fat diet promotes cardiovascular health. Since Lipoprotein(a), a low-density form of LDL (bad cholesterol), transports oxidised phospholipids in human blood plasma, it is generally healthier to have lower levels of this protein.
What drawbacks do animal fats have?
However, consuming too much saturated fat can result in artery cholesterol buildup (blood vessels). Bad cholesterol LDL is increased by saturated fats. Your risk of heart disease and stroke rises when your LDL cholesterol level is high. an increase in weight
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