In a production facility, 3-cm-thick large brass plates (k 5 110 W/m·K, r 5 8530 kg/m3, cp 5 380 J/kg·K, and a 5 33.9 3 1026 m2/s) that are initially at a uniform temperature of 25°C are heated by passing them through an oven maintained at 700°C. The plates remain in the oven for a period of 10 min. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h 5 80 W/m2·K, determine the surface temperature of the plates when they come out of the oven. Solve this problem using analytical one-term approximation method (not the Heisler charts). Can this problem be

Answer:

the surface temperature of the plates when they come out of the oven is approximately 445 °C

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

thickness t = 3 cm = 0.03 m

so half of the thickness L = 0.015 m

thermal conductivity of brass k = 110 W/m°C

Density p = 8530 kg/m³

specific heat [tex]C_p[/tex] = 380 J/kg°C

thermal diffusivity of brass ∝ = 33.9 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s

Temperature of oven T₀₀ = 700°C

initial temperature T[tex]_i[/tex] = 25°C

time t = 10 min = 600 s

convection heat transfer coefficient h = 80 W/m².K

Since the plate is large compared to its thickness, the heat conduction is one dimensional. heat transfer coefficient and thermal properties are constant over the entire surface.

So, using analytical one-term approximation method, the Fourier number > 0.2.

now, we determine the Biot number for the process

we know that; Biot number Bi =  hL / k

so we substitute

Bi =  hL / k

Bi = (80 × 0.015) / 110 = 1.2 / 110 = 0.0109

Now, we get the constants λ₁ and A₁ corresponding to Biot Number ( 0.0109 )

The interpolation method used to find the

λ₁ = 0.1039 and A₁ = 1.0018

so

The Fourier number т = ∝t/L²

we substitute

Fourier number т = ( (33.9 × 10⁻⁶)(600) ) / (0.015)²

т = 0.02034 / 0.000225

т = 90.4

As we can see; 90.4 > 0.2

So,  analytical one-term approximation can be used.

∴ Temperature at the surface will be;

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = (T(x,t) - T₀₀) / (T[tex]_i[/tex] - T₀₀) ----- let this be equation

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = [A₁e^(-λ₁²т)]cos( λ₁L / L )

so we substitute

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = [1.0018e^(- (0.1039)²× 90.4 )] cos( 0.1039 × 0.015 / 0.015 )

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = [1.0018e^(- 0.975886984 )] cos( 0.1039 )

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = [1.0018 × 0.376857938] × 0.999998

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = 0.3775

so we substitute into equation 1

θ(L,t)[tex]_{wall[/tex] = (T(L,t) - T₀₀) / (T[tex]_i[/tex] - T₀₀)

0.3775 = ( T(L,t) - 700 ) / ( 25 - 700 )

0.3775 = ( T(L,t) - 700 ) / ( - 675 )

0.3775 × ( - 675 ) = ( T(L,t) - 700 )

- 254.8125 = T(L,t) - 700

T(L,t) = 700 - 254.8125

T(L,t) = 445.1875 °C ≈ 445 °C

Therefore, the surface temperature of the plates when they come out of the oven is approximately 445 °C

The substance xenon has the following properties:
normal melting point: 161.3 K
normal boiling point: 165.0 K
triple point: 0.37 atm, 152.0 K
critical point: 57.6 atm, 289.7 K
A sample of xenon at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 204.0 K is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 163.7 K.Which of the following are true?
a. One or more phase changes will occur.
b. The final state of the substance is a liquid.
c. The final state of the substance is a solid.
d. The sample is initially a gas.
e. The liquid initially present will vaporize.

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a.
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b.
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